This document provides information about a study conducted on the Mevad Toll Plaza located on the Mehsana-Ahmedabad Highway in Gujarat, India. The study involved collecting classified volume count data, service time data for different vehicle types, and conducting a user survey. The data was analyzed to determine peak traffic hours and the average service times. It was found that the average service time at the manual toll plaza was around 25 seconds per vehicle, much higher than the 4-5 seconds per vehicle achieved at electronic toll collection plazas. The results of the study can be used to identify opportunities to reduce congestion and delays at the toll plaza.

1. Prepared By:-
Kishan Patel (120220106028)
Utsav Patel (120220106022)
Visat Patel (120220106027)
Vishal Patel (120220106014)
Guided By :-
Prof. V. R. Patel
(Frm. HOD, Civil Engi. Dept. GEC, Patan) 1
Gujarat Technological University

2. 2
CONTENTS

3. • The Term Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Refers To
Information And Communication Technology, Applied To
Transport Infrastructure And Vehicles, That Improve Transport
Facilities.
• Interest In ITS Comes From The Problems Caused By Traffic
Congestion And A Synergy Of New Information Technology
For Simulation, Real-time Control, And Communications
Networks.
3
INTRODUCTION

4. 4
Intelligent Transport Technologies
Inductive
Loop
Detection &
Sensing
Technologies
Video Vehicle
Detection
Wireless
Communications
Computational
Technologies
Floating Car
Data/Floating
Cellular Data
ITS

5. 5
Benefits of ITS

6. 6

7. INTRODUCTION
• These Days Delay At Tollbooths Is Quite Common In Almost All The
Major Highways . This Leads To Increase In Congestion ,
Inconvenience, Energy And Fuel Consumption.
• Traffic Congestion Has Been Increasing Worldwide As A Result Of
Increased Motorization, Urbanization, Population Growth, And
Changes In Population Density.
• Congestion Reduces Efficiency Of Transportation Infrastructure And
Increases Travel Time,air Pollution And Fuel Consumption.
...
`
7

8.  Automatic Toll System Assists In The Management Of Toll
Operations By Providing Valuable Data Such As Traffic
Volume , Vehicle Classification , And Fare Collected.
 Multiple Payment Methods Are Supported Using Cash,smart
Cards And Bar Coded Tickets,the Adoption Of This System Is
Expected To Bring A Number Of Significant Advantages.
8
Cont..

9. Normal Toll Collection
System
Electronic Toll Collection
System
9

10.  This Study May Give Information To Understand A Problem At
Toll Plaza .
 This Study Also Can Give Ideas To Contribute Towards Solving
The Congestion Problems At Toll Plaza And Contribute
Towards Increase The Level Of Service Or Comfort Among
Highway Users On Time Saving And Reduce Fuel
Consumption .
10
IMPORTANCE & CONTRIBUTION OF STUDY

11.  The Scope Of Study Is To Examine The Key Factors
Impacting Current Toll Booth Operations At The Study Area.
 This Includes :-
1. Cvc ( Classified Volume Count Survey )
2. Users Opinion Survey And
3. Queue Analysis At Toll Plaza
4. Origin And Destination Survey
11
SCOPE

12.  To Observe The Variation Of Service Time.
 Time Saving Of Vehicles And Operation At Toll Plaza.
 Employee Or Users Nature And Response Evolution.
 To Improve Transportation Efficiency And Traffic Safety.
 To Relieve Traffic Congestion.
 To Reduce Air Pollution.
12
OBJECTIVES

13.  In Our Project Literature Review Is About Traffic Delays,
Queuing Theory, Acceleration & Deceleration, Fuel Loss At
Toll Plaza.
13
Literature Paper

14. Abstract :-
 Every Driver Has Had The Frustrating Experience Of Waiting At A
Congested System Of Toll Gates.
 At Times, Toll Gates Cause Queuing For Several Meters Upstream Of
The Toll Plaza.
Conclusion :-
This Discussion Points Strongly To The Conclusion That The Social
Cost Of Toll Booth Delays Far Outweighs The Cost Of Eliminating Them. It
Also Shows That This Social Loss And Delay Is Avoidable, And That It Is
Avoidable Now.
14
PAPER : 1
Delays at Toll Booths – Why Wait in Lines?
Author – DENOS C. GAZIS and RALPH E. GEOMORY

15.  Abstract :-
Traffic Delays At A Toll Plaza Include Delays Caused By
Deceleration Of Vehicles While Approaching The Toll Plaza, Reduced
Vehicles Speed Through The Toll Plaza, Time Needed For Vehicles To
Resume Freeway Speed (Acceleration) And Vehicles Queues Formed At
Toll Plaza.
 Remarks :-
 By Using The Equations Of Kinematics We Can Find Delay Due
To Acceleration And Deceleration At Toll Plaza.
15
PAPER : 2
Estimation of traffic delays and vehicle queues at
Freeway work zones
Author :- YI JIANG

16. A Queue Is Simply A Waiting Line. Therefore, Systems That Involve Waiting Lines
Are Called Queuing Systems And Mathematical Descriptions Of Queuing Systems Are
Known As Queuing Models. Transportation Systems Often Involve Queues. For Example,
Vehicles Accumulating At A Toll Plaza To Be Served For Ticket Issue.
 A basic Queuing System :-
16
PAPER:3
Queuing Analysis
Author – Dr. Tom V. Mathew, IIT Bombay
Arrival Rate
Queue
Discipline
Service Rate
Input Source
( Customers )
Queue
Service
facility
Served
Customers
(leaving)

17.  Multiple Channel Multiple Phase :-
17
At Our Toll Plaza
0000000
0000000
0000000
Arrivals
1
2
3
Queue Server
Departure
4

18.  Objective :-
I. Quantification Of Fuel Loss During Idling Of Vehicles At Selected Intersections.
II. Estimation Of Total Fuel Loss In Delhi During Idling Of Vehicles At Intersections.
III. Estimation Of Benefits In Terms Of Fuel Savings To Be Accrued By Implementing
Improvement Measures.
 Conclusion :-
Congestion On Roads Has Been Increasing Due To A Very Rapid Growth In
The Use Of Personalized Vehicles Leading To High Consumption Of Fossil Fuels.
( Air Pollution)
18
PAPER : 4
Estimation Of Fuel Loss During Idling Of Vehicles At Signalized
Intersections In Delhi
Author - MRS. PURNIMA PARIDA * AND S. GANGOPADHYAY

19. Convenience :-
Saving You Time With High Levels Of Service, Including Shorter
Travelling Distances And Electronic Toll Collection.
Safety :-
Safety For All Road Users With The Implementation Of An Extensive
Corridor Control Services With Extensive Infrastructure And Communication
Networks To Mobilize Emergency Services In Reaction To Accident And Other
Dangerous Situations.
Benefits for motorists :-
 Improved On- Scene Co-ordination.
 Reduction In Secondary Incidents.
 Good Utilization Of Resources.
 Reduction In Incident Duration,
 Improved Safety And Reduced Traffic
Delays.
19
PAPER : 5
Benefits to Delhi Gurgaon Toll Road Users
• INR 1000 Cr invested on development of this toll
Road.
•The Toll Plazas operate 24 hours per day on this
expressway.
• The speed limit in the Smart Tag lane is 30 km/h
• Permanent jobs created by this expressway: 1000
• 800-1000 cars can be processed by Smart Tag
lane in one hour.
• The Smart Tag lane is the quickest lane at the
plazas.
• Smart Tags or ETC (Electronic tolling Collection)
is a first for its kind in NCR.
Fun Facts

20. Introduction
Literature Review
Study Area
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Conclusion &
Recommendations
20
Methodology

21. 21
STUDY AREA PROFILE
Courstey: Google images, Google map

22. 22
STUDY AREA PROFILE
Mevad(Mehsana) Toll Plaza
Route information
Maintained by IL&FS Transportation
Networks Limited
Length: 69 km
History: Opened in 2002
Major junctions :-Mehsana, Nandasan, Ambika,
Kalol, Adalaj.
Location
Major cities: Mehsana - Ahmedabad
Highway system
 Indian Road Network
 PPP Model Highway
 State
 State Highways in Gujarat

23. Sample
Time (sec) Category of Vehicle
To CAR L.C.V BUS TRUCK M.A.V
1 0.0 19.23 44.62 10.13 29.89 81.00
2 0.0 13.29 43.46 6.88 27.03 34.41
3 0.0 9.43 18.98 124.65 58.59 48.66
4 0.0 22.41 5.45 15.66 65.00 40.55
5 0.0 44.13 27.59 57.51 35.81 30.11
6 0.0 17.06 23.05 21.62 24.77
7 0.0 10.11 35.29 33.53 16.37
8 0.0 26.68 16.63 34.43 78.35
9 0.0 16.21 12.23 57.09 23.93
10 0.0 20.25 6.34 26.48 13.85
11 0.0 3.30 39.10 15.66 19.96
12 0.0 66.32 42.80 27.56 18.46
13 0.0 27.40 54.33 24.34 13.55
14 0.0 32.61 48.84 35.88 34.82
15 0.0 19.50 35.84 46.96 33.88
16 0.0 21.13 37.74 35.07 39.95
17 0.0 5.23 17.31 32.71 30.83
18 0.0 20.85 59.29 13.85 32.55
19 0.0 37.43 41.66 29.31 40.58
20 0.0 31.52 30.13 33.88 27.56
21 0.0 13..50 30.22 33.54 31.30
22 0.0 37.38 26.33 59.70 37.03
23 0.0 12.93 45.05 34.66 56.12
24 0.0 18.01 37.81 16.88 24.27
25 0.0 22.91 40.65 33.40 28.52
26 0.0 35.28 14.98 36.37 32.18
27 0.0 27.00 15.98 65.00 48.42
28 0.0 9.79 18.86 69.90 18.58
29 0.0 11.11 56.35 30.78 29.35
30 0.0 15.18 30.04 41.65 35.32
23
Service Time
Road Classification: Mehsana – Ahmedabad Highway Date: 12/10/2015
Study Area : Mevad Toll booth Time Interval: 1 hr.( 8:45 t0 9:45)Am
Direction : Mehsana out No. of Vehicles: 30

24. CAR, 22.3
L.C.V, 31.89
BUS, 42.96
TRUCK, 36.88
M.A.V, 34.17
AVG.SERVICE TIME ( SEC )
24
Service Time

25. 25
Comparison Of Service Time
Service Time
ETC @ Delhi-Gurgaon
National Highway
Manual Toll system @
Mevad Toll Palza
• Capacity :- 800 to 900 Veh./hr • Capcity :- 150 to 200 Veh./hr
• 4 to 5 sec/veh. • Arround 25.24 sec/veh.

26. 26
12 Hours Classified Volume Count
Direction:
Mehsana Out
Time:9:00 AM to 8:00 PM
Day: Saturday Date:12/10/2015
Hours CAR BUS TRUCK MAV LCV TOTAL
09:00-10:00 AM 195 35 29 26 29 314
10:00-11:00 AM 190 32 26 25 27 300
11:00-12:00 PM 158 28 24 13 19 242
12:00-01:00 PM 132 15 26 18 12 203
01:00-02:00 PM 110 12 15 14 25 176
02:00-3:00 PM 112 15 21 15 13 176
03:00-4:00 PM 102 12 15 12 13 154
04:00-05:00 PM 110 15 15 11 17 168
05:00-06:00 PM 154 16 29 32 36 267
06:00-07:00 PM 145 12 32 25 26 258
07:00-08:00 PM 135 18 24 15 10 202

27. 27
Saturday
:Mehsana Out:
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
09:00-10:00
AM
10:00-11:00
AM
11:00-12:00
PM
12:00-01:00
PM
01:00-02:00
PM
02:00-3:00
PM
03:00-4:00
PM
04:00-05:00
PM
05:00-06:00
PM
06:00-07:00
PM
07:00-08:00
PM

28. 28
5 min Classified Volume Counts for Peak hours
TIME PERIOD NUMBER OF VEHICLE OF EACH CLASS
CAR TRUCK MAV LCV TOTAL
09:00 – 09:05 18 3 8 2 5
09:05 - 09:10 19 2 4 0 1
09:10 - 09:15 14 4 3 0 3
09:15 - 09:20 13 2 7 1 1
09:20 - 09:25 15 2 6 2 3
09:25 - 09:30 10 4 6 2 5
09:30 - 09:35 17 3 2 0 3
09:35 -09:40 11 1 9 1 4
09:40 - 09:45 8 5 1 2 8
09:45 - 09:50 15 3 4 1 5
09:50 - 09:55 17 1 2 3 4
09:55 - 10:00 13 0 7 3 5
10:00 – 10:05 7 3 0 3 11
10:05 – 10:10 17 3 2 1 4
10:10 – 10:15 17 0 1 2 5
10:15 – 10:20 18 0 3 0 6
10:20 – 10:25 12 1 8 1 2
10:25 – 10:30 13 2 3 1 4
10:30 -10:35 11 3 4 2 3
10:35 – 10:40 9 2 3 2 5
10:40 – 10:45 16 1 4 0 2
10:45 – 10:50 10 2 6 3 5
10:50 – 10:55 15 3 3 1 2

29. Sample 4-wheeler LCV MAV TRUCK BUS
1 36 35 30 11 16
2 25 60 18 6 20
3 6 10 28 11 28
4 19 28 24 18 32
5 25 15 17 50 11
6 5 17 32 39 22
7 24 32 33 18 13
8 25 26 14 6 24
9 32 22 8 27 19
10 37 27 44 19 12
11 25 16 21 16 9
12 37 20 37 28 39
13 30 28 29 18 22
14 12 32 24 18 26
15 17 11 23 25 29
16 27 22 43 17 24
17 20 13 35 27 25
18 12 28 32 10 32
19 17 35 26 17 37
20 10 37 22 26 25
21 17 21 27 42 37
22 45 15 16 21 15
23 10 13 20 18 17
24 33 12 23 29 16
25 26 22 20 5 13
29
Service Time

30. 30
Service Time
Sample 4-wheeler LCV MAV TRUCK BUS
26 22 13 21 3 15
27 24 16 11 180 17
28 18 29 18 11 25
29 14 24 18 7 28
30 11 23 25 11 70
31 46 43 17 10 60
32 23 35 27 12 26
33 19 32 10 16 29
34 15 26 17 18 73
35 15 36 10 24 25
36 17 25 7 22 30
37 16 6 30 23 74
38 13 19 15 11 31
39 15 26 60 40 39
40 17 22 14 45 33
41 25 27 11 112 26
42 28 16 20 80 22
43 35 20 45 37 24
44 37 23 9 43 18
45 21 20 12 57 14
46 15 21 25 12 11
47 13 11 55 13 46
48 12 60 11 14 9
49 22 90 30 53 10
50 24 25 25 50 30
Average 21.78 25.7 23.78 28.52 26.96

31. 31
Weighted average service time
=
= 25.24 Sec
Data Analysis

32. 32
(1)
TIME PERIOD
(2) 5
min
Volume
(3)
Cumulative
Rate
(4)
Service
Rate
(5)
Cumulative
Service Rate
(6)
Queue
(3)-(5)
Calculated Queue (7)
Delay
(min)
(6)x 5/(4)
Observed Queue
Server 1 Server 2 Server 1 Server 2
8:00 AM - 8:05 AM 36 36 25 25 11 5.5 5.5 2.20 6 4
8:05 AM - 8:10 AM 26 62 25 50 12 6.0 6.0 2.40 7 5
8:10 AM - 8:15 AM 24 86 25 75 11 5.5 5.5 2.20 5 4
8:15 AM - 8:20 AM 24 110 25 100 10 5.0 5.0 2.00 4 6
8:20 AM - 8:25 AM 28 138 25 125 13 6.5 6.5 2.60 6 7
8:25 AM - 8:30 AM 27 165 25 150 15 7.5 7.5 3.00 6 9
8:30 AM - 8:35 AM 25 190 25 175 15 7.5 7.5 3.00 7 8
8:35 AM - 8:40 AM 26 216 25 200 16 8.0 8.0 3.20 8 8
8:40 AM - 8:45 AM 24 240 25 225 15 7.5 7.5 3.00 9 6
8:45 AM - 8:50 AM 28 268 25 250 18 9.0 9.0 3.60 8 10
8:50 AM - 8:55 AM 27 295 25 275 20 10.0 10.0 4.00 7 13
8:55 AM - 9:00 AM 28 323 25 300 23 11.5 11.5 4.60 11 13
9:00 AM - 9:05 AM 24 347 25 325 22 11.0 11.0 4.40 11 11
9:05 AM - 9:10 AM 27 374 25 350 24 12.0 12.0 4.80 11 13
9:10 AM - 9:15 AM 25 399 25 375 24 12.0 12.0 4.80 10 11
9:15 AM - 9:20 AM 27 426 25 400 26 13.0 13.0 5.20 12 14
9:20 AM - 9:25 AM 24 450 25 425 25 12.5 12.5 5.00 12 13
9:25 AM - 9:30 AM 23 473 25 450 23 11.5 11.5 4.60 10 13
9:30 AM - 9:35 AM 23 496 25 475 21 10.5 10.5 4.20 9 12
9:35 AM - 9:40 AM 21 517 25 500 17 8.5 8.5 3.40 8 8
9:40 AM - 9:45 AM 23 540 25 525 15 7.5 7.5 3.00 8 6
9:45 AM - 9:50 AM 26 566 25 550 16 8.0 8.0 3.20 8 8
9:50 AM - 9:55 AM 24 590 25 575 15 7.5 7.5 3.00 7 6
9:55 AM - 10:00 AM 24 614 25 600 14 7.0 7.0 2.80 7 7

33. 33
QUEUE AND DELAY CALCULATION

34. 34
Spot Speed Study
Study Toll Plaza Layout And Spots
Mehsana
Out-- »
Mehsana
In ----»

35. 35
Spot Speed, Deceleration and
Acceleration

36. Veh. No Time (Seconds) Spot Speed (Kmph) Deceln
[A to B]
(m/sec²)
Accel n
[C to D]
(m/sec²)
Car
Spot A Spot B Spot C Spot D
Va Vb Vc Vd
1 1.28 2.03 2.48 1.44 56 35 29 50 0.46 0.40
2 1.62 2.52 2.72 1.56 44 29 26 46 0.28 0.34
3 1.08 2.62 4.40 2.12 67 27 16 34 0.89 0.21
4 1.06 4.89 3.63 3.57 68 15 20 20 1.06 0.00
5 1.22 2.17 3.86 2.67 59 33 19 27 0.57 0.09
6 1.38 2.47 4.62 3.25 52 29 16 22 0.45 0.06
7 1.21 2.58 5.75 2.22 60 28 13 32 0.67 0.22
8 1.59 2.93 3.84 1.56 45 25 19 46 0.35 0.43
9 1.74 3.33 4.48 3.45 41 22 16 21 0.30 0.04
10 1.33 2.86 3.28 2.66 54 25 22 27 0.55 0.06
11 2.08 3.31 5.95 1.66 35 22 12 43 0.17 0.42
12 1.75 2.96 4.80 2.00 41 24 15 36 0.27 0.26
13 1.48 2.77 4.29 2.11 49 26 17 34 0.41 0.21
14 1.27 2.49 4.24 2.24 57 29 17 32 0.57 0.18
15 2.10 3.65 4.52 2.70 34 20 16 27 0.19 0.11
16 1.66 2.49 3.29 2.33 43 29 22 31 0.25 0.11
17 2.06 2.94 3.77 2.07 35 24 19 35 0.15 0.20
18 1.37 8.71 3.85 1.76 53 8 19 41 0.65 0.32
19 1.04 2.65 3.95 3.08 69 27 18 23 0.98 0.05
20 1.81 2.23 3.85 2.02 40 32 19 36 0.13 0.22
36

37. 21 1.16 2.70 3.81 2.12 62 27 19 34 0.76 0.19
22 1.67 2.57 4.27 2.28 43 28 17 32 0.26 0.17
23 1.20 2.97 4.28 3.07 60 24 17 23 0.73 0.06
24 1.50 3.07 4.91 2.38 48 23 15 30 0.42 0.17
25 1.95 3.95 3.51 2.36 37 18 21 31 0.25 0.12
26 1.72 4.85 4.44 1.87 42 15 16 39 0.37 0.29
27 1.08 2.94 3.86 2.67 67 24 19 27 0.93 0.09
28 1.23 2.17 5.95 2.29 59 33 12 31 0.56 0.20
29 0.84 3.24 4.69 3.20 86 22 15 23 1.65 0.07
30 1.05 2.27 5.33 1.53 69 32 14 47 0.89 0.49
31 1.57 2.11 4.92 4.01 46 34 15 18 0.23 0.03
32 1.27 2.49 4.24 2.24 57 29 17 32 0.57 0.18
33 2.10 3.65 4.52 2.70 34 20 16 27 0.19 0.11
34 1.06 4.89 3.63 3.57 68 15 20 20 1.06 0.00
35 1.22 2.17 3.86 2.67 59 33 19 27 0.57 0.09
36 1.38 2.47 4.62 3.25 52 29 16 22 0.45 0.06
37 1.21 2.58 5.75 2.22 60 28 13 32 0.67 0.22
38 0.95 3.24 4.69 3.20 76 22 15 23 1.27 0.07
39 1.04 2.27 5.33 1.53 69 32 14 47 0.91 0.49
40 1.37 3.05 5.19 3.21 53 24 14 22 0.53 0.07
37

38. Truck
1 3.45 4.10 8.82 3.25 21 18 8 22 0.03 0.10
2 1.94 4.36 10.39 8.63 37 17 7 8 0.27 0.01
3 2.16 5.81 6.47 4.50 33 12 11 16 0.23 0.03
4 2.67 4.86 5.60 2.36 27 15 13 31 0.12 0.18
5 3.11 5.00 5.94 3.10 23 14 12 23 0.08 0.09
6 2.12 4.01 6.41 3.49 34 18 11 21 0.20 0.07
7 3.08 4.30 6.52 4.10 23 17 11 18 0.06 0.04
8 2.22 5.20 5.39 2.35 32 14 13 31 0.21 0.18
9 3.50 4.30 8.81 3.29 21 17 8 22 0.03 0.10
10 2.10 5.80 6.37 4.30 34 12 11 17 0.25 0.04
11 2.56 4.76 5.50 2.31 28 15 13 31 0.14 0.19
12 3.10 5.11 5.92 3.11 23 14 12 23 0.08 0.09
13 2.12 4.01 6.41 3.49 34 18 11 21 0.20 0.07
14 3.11 5.00 5.94 3.10 23 14 12 23 0.08 0.09
15 2.12 4.01 6.41 3.49 34 18 11 21 0.20 0.07
16 3.08 4.30 6.52 4.10 23 17 11 18 0.06 0.04
17 2.22 5.20 5.39 2.35 32 14 13 31 0.21 0.18
18 3.10 5.11 5.92 3.11 23 14 12 23 0.08 0.09
19 3.08 4.30 6.52 4.10 23 17 11 18 0.06 0.04
20 2.20 3.90 7.52 5.74 33 18 10 13 0.18 0.02
38

39. Bus
1 1.88 4.37 7.67 3.57 38 16 9 20 0.29 0.08
2 1.35 4.20 6.50 2.53 53 17 11 28 0.62 0.17
3 1.38 3.60 5.80 3.32 52 20 12 22 0.56 0.08
4 1.63 3.90 7.30 2.23 44 18 10 32 0.39 0.23
5 1.29 4.50 7.80 3.21 56 16 9 22 0.69 0.10
6 1.97 3.74 5.56 3.70 37 19 13 19 0.23 0.05
7 2.30 3.49 6.77 2.89 31 21 11 25 0.13 0.12
8 1.53 3.75 5.76 2.07 47 19 13 35 0.45 0.25
9 2.10 3.10 7.00 3.90 34 23 10 18 0.15 0.06
10 1.30 4.95 5.25 2.34 55 15 14 31 0.69 0.18
11 1.82 4.69 5.75 3.22 40 15 13 22 0.32 0.08
12 1.69 3.98 5.20 2.05 43 18 14 35 0.36 0.25
13 1.63 3.90 7.30 2.23 44 18 10 32 0.39 0.23
14 1.29 4.50 7.80 3.21 56 16 9 22 0.69 0.10
15 1.90 3.86 6.51 4.30 38 19 11 17 0.26 0.04
16 1.40 3.58 6.04 3.08 51 20 12 23 0.54 0.10
17 1.83 4.77 6.32 2.12 39 15 11 34 0.32 0.25
18 1.30 4.95 5.25 2.34 55 15 14 31 0.69 0.18
19 1.82 4.69 5.75 3.22 40 15 13 22 0.32 0.08
20 1.69 3.98 5.20 2.05 43 18 14 35 0.36 0.25
39

40. LCV
1 3.42 4.00 6.28 4.30 21 18 11 17 0.03 0.04
2 2.14 3.00 6.82 3.90 34 24 11 18 0.13 0.06
3 2.16 3.39 6.50 4.10 33 21 11 18 0.16 0.04
4 1.93 3.63 4.60 3.80 37 20 16 19 0.24 0.03
5 3.08 4.22 3.95 2.70 23 17 18 27 0.06 0.09
6 2.10 2.80 5.30 3.10 34 26 14 23 0.12 0.09
7 2.12 3.23 6.20 3.11 34 22 12 23 0.16 0.10
8 2.40 2.50 5.60 2.10 30 29 13 34 0.02 0.24
9 2.10 3.30 4.70 2.50 34 22 15 29 0.17 0.14
10 1.91 2.98 4.82 2.59 38 24 15 28 0.20 0.13
11 3.08 4.22 3.95 2.70 23 17 18 27 0.06 0.09
12 3.40 4.30 5.29 2.50 21 17 14 29 0.04 0.16
13 2.50 3.00 4.90 2.60 29 24 15 28 0.06 0.13
14 1.90 2.30 4.41 3.20 38 31 16 23 0.11 0.06
15 3.40 4.30 5.29 2.50 21 17 14 29 0.04 0.16
16 3.40 4.10 6.21 4.25 21 18 12 17 0.03 0.04
17 2.65 3.30 6.70 3.80 27 22 11 19 0.06 0.06
18 2.11 3.23 6.20 3.11 34 22 12 23 0.16 0.10
19 2.40 2.50 5.60 2.10 30 29 13 34 0.02 0.24
20 2.10 3.30 4.70 2.50 34 22 15 29 0.17 0.14
40

41. Speed Group (kmph) Mid Speed (kmph) Cumulative % Freq.
A B C D
5.00 - 9.99 7.495 1 9 1
10.00 - 14.99 12.495 15 63 2
15.00 - 19.99 17.495 50 95 17
20.00 - 24.99 22.495 74 98 48
25.00 - 29.99 27.495 19 91 100 63
30.00 - 34.99 32.495 42 99 88
35.00 - 39.99 37.495 54 100 93
40.00 - 44.99 42.495 64 95
45.00 - 49.99 47.495 69 99
50.00- 54.99 52.495 77 100
55.00 - 59.99 57.495 89
60.00 - 64.99 62.495 91
65.00 - 69.99 67.495 98
70.00 - 74.99 72.495 98
75.00 - 79.99 77.495 99
80.00 - 84.99 82.495 99
85.00 - 89.99 87.495 100
41
Cumulative frequency for speed group

42. 42
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
Cumulativefrequency%
Speed Kmph
Spot ASpot DSpot BSpot C

43. 43
.
Average Speed at all Spots
54
26
17
31
28
16
11
21
45
18
12
26
30
22
14
25
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
A B C D
Spots
Car Truck Bus LCV

44. 44
Deceleration and acceleration
delay calculation

45. Time (Seconds) Time (Seconds) Delay (Seconds)
Ta Tb T1 T2
Deceleration Delay
Tb-Ta
Acceleration Delay
T1-T2
10.24 12.56 14.58 11.52 2.32 3.06
12.96 15.78 15.86 12.48 2.82 3.38
8.64 12.24 22.89 16.96 3.60 5.93
8.48 13.94 28.80 28.56 5.46 0.24
9.76 12.50 25.25 21.36 2.74 3.89
11.04 14.17 30.53 26.00 3.13 4.53
9.68 13.18 25.63 17.76 3.50 7.87
12.72 16.49 17.75 12.48 3.77 5.27
13.92 18.29 31.18 27.60 4.37 3.58
10.64 14.53 23.50 21.28 3.89 2.22
16.64 20.44 20.77 13.28 3.80 7.49
14.00 17.60 22.59 16.00 3.60 6.59
11.84 15.43 22.63 16.88 3.59 5.75
10.16 13.46 23.45 17.92 3.30 5.53
16.80 21.33 27.04 21.60 4.53 5.44
13.28 15.94 21.82 18.64 2.66 3.18
16.48 19.38 21.38 16.56 2.90 4.82
10.96 18.94 19.33 14.08 7.98 5.25
8.32 11.95 27.69 24.64 3.63 3.05
14.48 15.99 21.20 16.16 1.51 5.04
45

46. 9.28 12.98 21.79 16.96 3.70 4.83
13.36 16.20 23.78 18.24 2.84 5.54
9.60 13.67 28.60 24.56 4.07 4.04
12.00 16.12 25.65 19.04 4.12 6.61
15.60 20.89 22.58 18.88 5.29 3.70
13.76 20.32 21.05 14.96 6.56 6.09
8.64 12.64 25.25 21.36 4.00 3.89
9.84 12.56 26.46 18.32 2.72 8.14
6.72 10.67 30.43 25.60 3.95 4.83
8.40 11.49 19.02 12.24 3.09 6.78
12.56 14.40 35.35 32.08 1.84 3.27
10.16 13.46 23.45 17.92 3.30 5.53
16.80 21.33 27.04 21.60 4.53 5.44
8.48 13.94 28.80 28.56 5.46 0.24
9.76 12.50 25.25 21.36 2.74 3.89
11.04 14.17 30.53 26.00 3.13 4.53
9.68 13.18 25.63 17.76 3.50 7.87
7.60 11.75 30.43 25.60 4.15 4.83
8.32 11.41 19.02 12.24 3.09 6.78
10.96 15.13 31.73 25.68 4.17 6.05
Total Delay (Car) 149.29 195.00
46

47. 27.60 29.98 38.00 26.00 2.38 12.00
15.52 21.48 75.43 69.04 5.96 6.39
17.28 25.19 42.46 36.00 7.91 6.46
21.36 27.57 26.56 18.88 6.21 7.68
24.88 30.68 32.59 24.80 5.80 7.79
16.96 22.19 36.15 27.92 5.23 8.23
24.64 28.71 40.27 32.80 4.07 7.47
17.76 24.89 26.18 18.80 7.13 7.38
28.00 30.87 38.33 26.32 2.87 12.01
16.80 24.67 41.07 34.40 7.87 6.67
20.48 26.64 26.03 18.48 6.16 7.55
24.80 30.87 32.62 24.88 6.07 7.74
16.96 22.19 36.15 27.92 5.23 8.23
24.88 30.68 32.59 24.80 5.80 7.79
16.96 22.19 36.15 27.92 5.23 8.23
24.64 28.71 40.27 32.80 4.07 7.47
17.76 24.89 26.18 18.80 7.13 7.38
24.80 30.87 32.62 24.88 6.07 7.74
24.64 28.71 40.27 32.80 4.07 7.47
17.60 22.50 52.08 45.92 4.90 6.16
Total De lay (Truck) 110.18 157.89
47

48. 15.04 21.03 38.98 28.56 5.99 10.42
10.80 16.35 29.14 20.24 5.55 8.90
11.04 15.96 33.78 26.56 4.92 7.22
13.04 18.39 27.33 17.84 5.35 9.49
10.32 16.04 36.39 25.68 5.72 10.71
15.76 20.65 35.55 29.60 4.89 5.95
18.40 22.18 32.41 23.12 3.78 9.29
12.24 17.39 24.36 16.56 5.15 7.80
16.80 20.03 40.07 31.20 3.23 8.87
10.40 16.47 25.90 18.72 6.07 7.18
14.56 20.98 33.03 25.76 6.42 7.27
13.52 18.98 23.53 16.40 5.46 7.13
13.04 18.39 27.33 17.84 5.35 9.49
10.32 16.04 36.39 25.68 5.72 10.71
15.20 20.37 41.43 34.40 5.17 7.03
11.20 16.10 32.64 24.64 4.90 8.00
14.64 21.16 25.40 16.96 6.52 8.44
10.40 16.47 25.90 18.72 6.07 7.18
14.56 20.98 33.03 25.76 6.42 7.27
13.52 18.98 23.53 16.40 5.46 7.13
Total D elay (Bus) 108.15 165.45
48

49. 27.36 29.50 40.84 34.40 2.14 6.44
17.12 19.98 39.70 31.20 2.86 8.50
17.28 21.11 40.23 32.80 3.83 7.43
15.44 20.16 33.30 30.40 4.72 2.90
24.64 28.49 25.66 21.60 3.85 4.06
16.80 19.20 31.30 24.80 2.40 6.50
16.96 20.48 33.14 24.88 3.52 8.26
19.20 19.59 24.44 16.80 0.39 7.64
16.80 20.53 26.11 20.00 3.73 6.11
15.28 18.62 26.96 20.72 3.34 6.24
24.64 28.49 25.66 21.60 3.85 4.06
27.20 30.38 27.16 20.00 3.18 7.16
20.00 21.82 27.18 20.80 1.82 6.38
15.20 16.65 29.67 25.60 1.45 4.07
27.20 30.38 27.16 20.00 3.18 7.16
27.20 29.74 40.37 34.00 2.54 6.37
21.20 23.52 38.80 30.40 2.32 8.40
16.88 20.42 33.14 24.88 3.54 8.26
19.20 19.59 24.44 16.80 0.39 7.64
16.80 20.53 26.11 20.00 3.73 6.11
Total Delay (LCV) 56.78 129.66
49

50. 50

51. 51
CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS

52. Passing through
Toll plaza
Passing through
service lane
Time Car Bus Truck LCV MAV Car Bus Truck LCV MAV
16:30 - 18:30 325 52 102 100 35 116 33 54 22 5
52
1. Traffic volume at Morning peak
Category of Vehicle Car Bus Truck LCV MAV
Average Service Time 21.78 26.96 28.52 25.7 23.78
2. Service time observed for various categories of vehicles
3. Queue length at toll plaza,
a. average observed queue length = 17 vehicles
b. average computed queue length = 17.6 vehicles

53. Average Speed (kmph)
Spot Car Truck Bus LCV
A 54 28 45 30
B 26 16 18 22
C 17 11 12 14
D 31 21 26 25
53
4. Spot Speed at A, B, C and D
Vehicle Car Bus Truck LCV
Delay (Seconds) 3.73 5.41 5.51 2.84
(Seconds)
2.12 0.83 1.49 1.16
Vehicle Car Bus Truck LCV
Delay (Seconds) 4.88 8.27 7.89 6.48
(Seconds)
1.80 1.39 1.52 1.61
5. Delays observed
Travel Time Delay due to Deceleration
Travel Time Delay due to Acceleration

54.  Queuing occurs when rate of arrival of vehicles greater than rate of processing. At toll
booths due to long service time, long queue can be observed and that leads a user to
fuel lost and time lost at toll plaza. To cop up with this situation there is a best option.
 Electronic Toll Collection system (ETC). ETC is very efficient and time saving but before
implementing this system awareness among the users about ETC should be increased so
that maximum users go for use of it. There are also some drawbacks of ETC however it is
more beneficial than the manual toll collection system.
 Another way to improve toll technology is pre collection of the toll fees. In pre collection
users are required to pay the toll fees in advance, at the time of buying a vehicle. For
example we pay road tax in advance. Same as toll fees are collected in advance and
users are allowed to use the toll way without stopping at toll plaza.
 Spread Collection is also a good option for time saving at toll plaza. In this, on the toll
way only toll plaza is placed at entry only and at the end of toll way random ticket
checking is done and if users found without ticket they will be fined for that as per
regulations. Increasing no of toll booth can also reduce the queue length at toll plaza.


54
Recommendations

55. 1. Background Paper 8, Toll Technology Considerations, Opportunities and
Risks, Washington State Comprehensive Tolling Study, Sep 2006.
2. Dr. Jain S. S., Singh P. K., Dr. Parida M, “Road Safety Audit For Four Lane
National Highways” 3rd International Conference on Road Safety and
Simulation, September 2011.
3. Dr. Khali Persad, Dr. C. Michael Walton, Dr. Zhong Wang, Shahriyar Hussain,
“Toll Collection Technology and Best Practices”, Texas Department of
Transportation. 2007
4. Yi Jiang, “Estimation of Traffic Delays and Vehicle Queues at Freeway Work
Zones”, Transportation Research Board, January 2001.
5. Inderia, R.P “Electronic Toll and Traffic Management”, Indian Highways, July
2011.
55
References

56. 56
6. Klodzinski, J. and M. Al-Deek, H. “Proposed Level-of-Service Methodology for
Toll Plazas”. Journal of the Transportation Research Board. Bil. 1802. m.s 86-
96. Washington, D. C: National Academy Press, 2002.
7. Kumar P. Prasanna & Vij G. K., “Electronic Toll Collection – Need for
Appropriate Technology” Indian Highways, Sep. 2008.
8. Mannering, F L and Kilareski, W P “Principles of Highway Engineering and
Traffic Analysis” second edition, 1998.
9. Nilekani N, “ETC Report” Chairman, Unique Identification Authority of India,
June 2010
10. Papacostas, S C and Prevedouros, D P. “Transportation Engineering and
Planning”. 3rd Ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc, 2001.
11. Pietrzyk Michael C. & Miezejewski Edward A., Synthesis of Highway
Practice194, “Electronic Toll and Traffic Management (ETTM) Systems”,
National Cooperative Highway Research Program
References

57. 57
THANK YOU