This document appears to be lecture slides for a transportation and traffic engineering course. It includes definitions of transportation engineering and traffic engineering. It outlines the course contents which cover topics like transportation planning, traffic flow characteristics, highway geometric design, and traffic control devices. It also defines key concepts like trips, transportation systems, land use and its relationship to transportation, and highway functional classification. The overall aim of the course is to introduce students to the fundamentals and principles of transportation and traffic engineering.

1. 1
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Dr. Sherif El-Badawy
3rd Year Civil
2014/2015
Transportation and Traffic
Engineering
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Transportation & Traffic Engineering
Textbook:
Transportation and Traffic Engineering
Dr. Mostafa Kamel & Dr. Sherif El-Badawy

2. 2
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
50
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Transportation & Traffic
Engineering
‫األهداف‬:
-‫والمرور‬ ‫النقل‬ ‫هندسة‬ ‫علم‬ ‫ومبادئ‬ ‫بأساسيات‬ ‫التعريف‬
‫المدة‬:
14‫أسبوع‬

3. 3
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Where we were?
•
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Why are we here?

4. 4
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Why did we
get here?
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Your Relationship to Transportation Trip
Making
(Fricker, J. D. and Whitfor R. K. 2004)

5. 5
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Transportation Engineering
Definition: Application of the principles of engineering,
planning, analysis, design, and operation and
management of transportation facilities:
• Its vehicles
• Its infrastructures
• Safety in travel
• Environmental impacts
• Energy uses
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Transportation Facilities
– Highway
– Railroad
– Airport
– Bus &Subways
– Seaport
– Terminals

6. 6
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Traffic Engineering
Definition: Branch of civil engineering that uses engineering
techniques to achieve safe, efficient, and economic
movement of people and goods.
Traffic Engineers: Manage, organize, and control the actual
movement of vehicles and pedestrians on the facility.
Basic Components in Traffic Engineering:
• Road users (driver, pedestrian, cyclists)
• Vehicles
• Roads and highways
• Control Devices
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Course Contents
Lecture Subject
1&2 Introduction, Transportation Planning & Surveys
3 Trip Generation
4 Trip Distribution
5 Traffic Assignment
6 Modal Split
7 Traffic Flow Characteristics
8 Basic Elements of Geometric Design of Highways
9&10 Traffic Volume, Capacity and Level of Service
11 Parking
12 Traffic Signals

7. 7
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Transportation
Planning
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Transportation
How do you define your relationship to
transportation?
• Is it the trip that you make?
• or the car that you drive?

8. 8
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Transportation Goals
• The movement of persons and goods from
one place to another:
• Safely
• Efficiently
• Minimum negative impact on the environment
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Transportation System Components
• Object
• Vehicle
• Path
• Terminals
• Operation Plans
(People & Goods)
(Cars, Planes, Trains, ……etc.)
(Roads, Airlines, Railroads, Pipelines)
(Airports, Railway Stations, ….etc.)
(Time Schedule, arrivals/departures intervals, ….etc.)

9. 9
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Trip Making
(Fricker, J. D. and Whitfor R. K. 2004)
Origin
Destination
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Trip
The process of moving passengers or goods from
origin to a destination within certain time for certain
purpose with a certain mode of transportation.
Origin DESTINATIO
N
Time
Purpose
Mode
Destination

10. 10
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Transportation is every thing
involved in the moving people or
goods from origin to a destination
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Trip Generation models determine the mathematical
relationship between the number of trips produced in a
zone and the land use and the socio-economic
characteristics.
Trip Distribution models connect the trip-ends predicted
by the trip generation models between any set of two
zones.
Trip Assignment is the procedure by which the route
chosen by a traveler is determined.
Modal Split determines the mode of travel chosen by the
traveler.
Definitions

11. 11
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Transportation Related Problems
Degeneration of the environment
(Air Pollution, Noise, Oil Spells)
Congestion
Lack of safety
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Transportation and Land Use
• “Transportation is a function of the land use
and vice versa.” (Mitchell and Rapkin 1954)
• Some Land Use Types:
 Residential
 Industrial
 Recreational
 Open spaces
 Educational
 Commercial

12. 12
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Measures of Land Use
• Socio-Economic Parameters:
 Population
 Population Characteristics
 Housing Statistics
 No. of Families
 No. of Households
 Employment/Unemployment
 Income
 Vehicle ownership
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬

13. 13
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Population Size
Socio-Economic Characteristics of
Population in Egypt, Dr. Laila Nawar
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Socio-Economic Characteristics of
Population in Egypt, Dr. Laila Nawar

14. 14
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Highway Functional Classification
• Functional classification groups streets and highways
according to the character of service they are intended
to provide.
• This classification recognizes that individual roads and
streets do not serve travel independently.
• Rather, most travel involves movement through
networks of roads and can be categorized relative to
such networks in a logical and efficient manner.
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Urban and Rural Areas
• Urban Areas are those places having a
population of 5,000 or more.
• Urban Areas are further subdivided into:
• Urbanized areas (population of 50,000 and over)
• Small urban areas (population between 5,000 and
50,000).
• Rural Areas: areas outside urban areas.

15. 15
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Functional Classification of Highways
Urban
Arterial
Principal Minor
Collector Local
Rural
Arterial
Principal Minor
Collector Local
Highway Functional Classification
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Local
Streets
Collectors
Arterials
SOURCE: A Policy on Geometric
Design of Highways and Streets,
AASHTO, 2001.

16. 16
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Relationship of Functionally Classified Systems in Serving
Traffic Mobility And Land Access
SOURCE: A Policy on Geometric
Design of Highways and Streets,
AASHTO, 2001.
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Hierarchy of Urban Road Networks

17. 17
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Hierarchy of Rural Road Networks
SOURCE: A Policy on Geometric
Design of Highways and Streets,
AASHTO, 2001.
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Structure of Road Networks
• An arterial road, is a high-capacity urban/rural road.
• The primary function of an arterial road is to deliver
traffic from collectors to freeways, and between urban
centers at the highest level of service possible.
• Arterials are either principal or minor.
• A collector road is a low-to-moderate-
capacity road which serves to move traffic from
local streets to arterial roads.

18. 18
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Transportation Planning
The science that seeks to study the problems
that arise in providing transportation facilities
in an urban, regional or national setting and to
prepare a systematic basis for planning such
facilities.
‫تسهيالت‬ ‫توفير‬ ‫عملية‬ ‫تواجه‬ ‫التى‬ ‫المشكالت‬ ‫دراسة‬ ‫فى‬ ‫يبحث‬ ‫الذى‬ ‫العلم‬ ‫هو‬
‫منظم‬ ‫إطار‬ ‫وضع‬ ‫وكذلك‬ ‫والقومي‬ ‫واإلقليمي‬ ‫المحلي‬ ‫المستوي‬ ‫علي‬ ‫النقل‬ ‫ووسائل‬
‫الوسائل‬ ‫تلك‬ ‫لتخطيط‬
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Decision to adopt planning
Problem, definition, formulation of goals
Solution generation
Solution Analysis
Evaluation of possible alternatives and choice
Implementation
Operation
Performance assessment and review
Problems , Constrains
Potentials , forecasting
Systems Approach to Transport Planning

19. 19
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Examples of Goals
 Minimum disruption of the general environment.
 Minimum demolition of housing.
 Re-vitalization of public transport.
 The removal of through traffic from urban
centers residential areas.
 High Benefit / Cost ratio
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
1. Survey and analysis of existing conditions.
2. Forecast, analysis of future conditions and plan
synthesis.
3. Evaluation.
4. Program adoption and implementation.
5. Continuing study.
Transportation Planning Process

20. 20
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
SurveyandAnalysis
ofExistingConditions
Forecast,
AnalysisofFuture
Conditionsand
PlanSynthesis
Evaluation
Continuing Study
Program Adoption
& Implementation
Definition of the Survey Area, formulation of goalsStages in
Transport
Planning
Process
Inventory of Existing Travel Pattern
Origin & Destination surveys
Household interviews
Rail and Bus surveys
Goods vehicle interviews
Cordon and screen line studies
Inventory of Existing Transport
Facilities
Street inventory
Travel time studies
Bus inventory
Rail inventory
Parking inventory, Accident data
Land use & economic
activities
Zoning, Land use
Population structure
Household structure
Employment pattern
Income
Basic Analysis
•Car ownership
•Trip generation, attraction
•Modal selection, Trip distribution
•Goods vehicle trips
Network Planning
-Development of tentative
network of transport facilities
Future Trip
Generation
Trip Distribution
Trip Assignment
Formulation Feasible Alternatives
Revise Network
Planning Forecasts
-Projection of population and households
-Projection of employment
-Future Land use
Revise Planning Forecasts
Continuing Study of Community
Development and Updating of Plans
Evaluation
- Preliminary cost estimates
- Cost/Benefit analysis
- Other considerations
Program Adoption and Implementation
- Selection of network plans
- Development of transport polices
- Staging
- Organization
- Implementation
Modal Split
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
Objectives & Goals
Future planning & land
use parameters
Future transport
facilities
Transportation Generation
Transportation distribution
Model split
Traffic assignment
Is the level of
service satisfactory
Are the objectives
achived
YES
YES
No
ChangeFuturetransportfacilities
No
ChangeLanduse
&policies
Present planning &
socio – economic data
Present transport
facilities
Present travel pattern
End
Survey phase
Comprehensive
Urban Transport
Planning Process

21. 21
‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫للهندسة‬ ‫العالي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫معهد‬–‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫قسم‬-‫المنصورة‬
It is Really Hard to be an
Engineer. Isn't it?!