02 Rail Transport Systems (Railway Engineering Lectures هندسة السكك الحديدية & Dr. Walied A. Elsaigh)

1. CE 435 – Railway Engineering
Walied A. Elsaigh
welsaigh@ksu.edu.sa
Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering
Feb. 2016
RAIL TRANSPORT SYSTEMS

2. Railway Transportation System
Nodes = Points of
interchange
“A transportation system may be defined as consisting of the fixed
facilities, the flow entities, and the control systems that permit people
and goods to overcome the friction of geograph- ical space efficiently
in order to participate in a timely manner in some desired activity”
{Papacostas & Prevedouros 3rd ed. 2001}
Now think of Rail transport
as a transportation system!
Physical components
that are fixed in space
Network of links (railway track)
Nodes (yards + passenger terminals)
Fixed facilities?

3. Flow Entities- Rolling Stock
Rolling stock consists of locomotives, passenger coaches and freight
wagons (the name rolling? Because these entities roll on rails)
Rolling stock
Locomotives
Steam (no longer in use)
Diesel (SAR/KSA?)
Electric (Riyadh Metro)
Discuss implications of using
Diesel loco & Electric loco
Coaching Stock Good’s Wagons
Passenger
Coaches
Vans:
-Luggage
-Mail
-Break
etc.
Varies based on
type of goods
(see next slide)
 Single stack
 Double stack

4. Flatcar
Gondola
Hopper
Covered Hopper
Types of Freight Wagons
Rail car photos adapted from
the presentation given by
ChrisBarkan Chris Barkan
University of Illinois
Urbana Champaign/ USA
SAR set up for
mineral trains

5. 5
Boxcar
Tank CarAuto Rack Car
Types of Freight Wagons
Photos adapted from the
presentation given by
ChrisBarkan Chris Barkan
University of Illinois
Urbana Champaign/ USA
Handout:

6. Intermodal Freight Wagons
Photos adapted from the presentation given by: ChrisBarkan Chris Barkan, University of Illinois at
Urbana Champaign/ USA
Trailer
Container
[More than one means of transport] How these wagons are useful?
What disadvantage of railway transport is
eliminated by used of these type of wagons?

7. Cont. Intermodal Freight Wagons
Railroad intermodal transportation types:
Trailer on flatcar (TOFC)
Container on flatcar (COFC)
Advanced intermodal systems
“RoadRailer”, is a system in which a container can ride
directly on either highway or railroad wheel assembly,
without any car at all

8. Unit Train and Wagon Load Train
A unit train, also called a block train or a trainload service, is a train in
which all wagons carry the same commodity (good) and are shipped from the
same origin to the same destination, without being split up or stored en route.
Advantages:
 Saves time and money, as well as the hassle, delays and confusion
associated with assembling and disassembling trains at rail yards near the
origin and destination.
 It also enables railways to compete more effectively with road and other
transport systems,
Note: Unit trains are economical only for high-volume customers. Why? unit
trains often carry only one commodity, cars are of all the same type
Non-unit train operations may be referred to as wagonload trains.

9. Double-stacked Two containers (often truck trailers) loaded one
on top of the other for transport on low bottom railroad flatcars.
This system may also be referred to as multi-deck operations for
transporting containers of various types.
Double-stacked and
Double Deck Train

10. Types/Classification of Railway Systems
Urban Railway Transit
[Light Rail Transits - LRT]
Suburban /Rural
Railway Transit
Tram
Streetcars
Monorails
Rapid Transits
Intercity Rail
Freight Trains
Urban Rail Transit
is the term used for various
types of local rail systems
providing passenger service
within and around urban or
older suburban areas.
Regional Commuter Trains
Suburban
is the term used for various residential
areas within commuting distance of a
city.
Light Rail
High-speed Rail

11. Trams / Streetcars/ Trolley is electrically powered vehicles that run along street/share
road with other traffic, power is from overhead wire, with low capacity and frequent
stops. Passengers usually board at street- or curb-level
Cont. Types/Classification
of Railway Systems
Urban Railway Transit
[Light Rail Transits - LRT]
Light rail is a relatively new term, as an development of trams/streetcars. Speeds are
usually higher, and articulated vehicles may be used to increase capacity.

12. Cont. Types/Classification
of Railway SystemsUrban Railway Transit
[Light Rail Transits - LRT]
Rapid Transits, underground, subway, tube, elevated,
or metro system is a railway - usually in an urban area
- with a high capacity and frequency of service, and
grade separation from other traffic.
Monorail is a metro or railroad with a track
consisting of a single rail (actually a beam), as
opposed to the traditional track with two parallel
rails. Monorail vehicles are wider than the beam
they run on. Several types: bottom supported or
suspended + high performance or low performance
(minirail usually used in zoos and exhibitions)
When are we getting one here in KSU??

13. Types/Classification
of Railway Systems
Suburban /Rural
Railway Transit
Intercity Rail: Inter-city rail services are
express passenger train services that cover
longer distances than commuter or regional
trains.
Freight Trains: A freight train or goods
train is a group of freight cars hauled by
one or more locomotives on a railway,
ultimately transporting cargo between two
points as part of the logistics chain.
Regional/Commuter Rail : Commuter rail, also called suburban rail, is a
passenger rail transport service between a city center, and outer suburbs and
commuter towns or other locations that draw large numbers of commuters -
people who travel on a daily basis. Regional rail or commuter rail runs on
track often shared with intercity rail and freight trains

14. High-Speed Rail (HSR)
• A rail line and service designed for high speed operation - cruising speed
of 125+ mph (>200 km/hr)
• Japanese introduced the first high-speed trains in the mid 1960s –
Shinkansen (Bullet Train)
• Today high speed rail lines are common in France, Germany, Spain,
United Kingdom, and many other countries
Even here in KSA! Very soon?
Harameen Train
Madena – Jedda Line
(Bullet Train) in Japan

15. Intercity Express - Germany
15

16. British Rail High Speed Trains
16

17. High Speed Rail in the United States
• Amtrak Acela Express –
Northeast Corridor, top speed –
135 mph
17

18. High-Speed Maglev
(Magnetic Levitation)
• cruising speeds of 300+ mph
• development and research in
several countries – Germany, Japan,
and others
• system in Shangei, China
18
Maglev (derived from magnetic levitation) is a
method of propulsion that uses magnetic
levitation to propel vehicles with magnets
rather than with wheels, axles and bearings.
With maglev, a vehicle is levitated a short
distance away from a guide way using magnets
to create both lift and thrust. High-speed
maglev trains promise dramatic improvements
for human travel if widespread adoption occurs.
Wikipedia

19. Railway Track Systems
The track on a railway or railroad, also known as the permanent
way, is the structure consisting of the rails, fasteners, sleepers and
ballast (or slab track), plus the underlying sub grade.
Ballasted Track Ballast-less Track [Slab Track]
We will revisit
this subject again

20. Thank You