5 2 -pinus

ANCILLARY BOTANY
PLANT DIVERSITY
5-2
GYMNOSPERMS
-PINUS
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GYMNOSPERMS -PINUS
POINTS TO REMEMBER
⚫ It is Conifer Tree.
⚫ It is commonly called Pine Tree.
⚫ It is Forest Makers of the World.
⚫ It is Ever Green Tree.
⚫ Dimorphic Branches – Long Shoot and Dwarf Shoot.
⚫ Dimorphic Leaves – Foliage Leaves and Scale Leaves.
⚫ Foliage Leaves are called Pine Needles.
⚫ Dwarf Shoot with Foliage Leaves is called Spur Shoot or Foliar Spur.
⚫ Presence of Mycorrhizal Symbiotic Root.
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GYMNOSPERMS -PINUS
POINTS TO REMEMBER
⚫ The seed germination is Hypogeal or Hypocotyl in Pinus.
⚫ Turpentine is obtained from Pinus.
⚫ Seeds of Pinus are roasted or boiled and Edible.
⚫ Wine is prepared from the seeds of Cycas revolute.
⚫ Wood Alcohol is extracted from Pinus.
⚫ Timber of Pinus used for making Packing cases, Pencils, Match Boxes,
Match Sticks, Building Materials, Furniture etc.,
⚫ Turpentine and Resin are extracted from Pinus roxburghii
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GYMNOSPERMS
PINUS
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GYMNOSPERMS
PINUS –MALE CONES
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GYMNOSPERMS
PINUS –FEMALE CONES
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GYMNOSPERMS
PINUS
SYSTEMATIC POSITION
⚫ DIVISION : GYMNOSPERMAE
⚫ CLASS : CONIFEROPHYTA
⚫ ORDER : CONIFERALES
⚫ FAMILY : PINACEAE
⚫ GENUS : PINUS
⚫ SPECIES : 105
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GYMNOSPERMS -PINUS
STRUCTURE OF PLANT BODY OF PINUS
STRUCTURE OF PLANT BODY OF PINUS (or)
STRUCTURE OF PINE TREE (or)
SPOROPHYTIC BODY OF PINUS
⚫ It is a Conical, Tall, and Evergreen Tree
⚫ The Plant Body is Diploid Sporophyte, consists of
▪ Root
▪ Stem and
▪ Leaves
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STRUCTURE OF PINUS
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MAIN STEM
PINUS
ROOT
STEM
MYCORRHIZAL ROOT
LEAVES
TAP ROOT SYSTEM
BRANCHES
SCALE LEAVES
FOILAGE LEAVES
(PINE NEEDLES)
BRANCHES OF LIMITED
(DWARF SHOOT)
BRANCHES OF UNLIMITED
(LONG SHOOT)

GYMNOSPERMS -PINUS
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ROOT
• The Root System is Tap
Root with numerous
Lateral Roots.
• Some Young Lateral
Roots are Symbiotic and
Associated with Fungus
to form Mycorrhizae.

GYMNOSPERMS -PINUS
STEM
⚫ The Stem consists of
▪ Main Stem and
▪ Branches.
⚫ The Growth of Main Stem is Continuous by Apical Bud and Produces
Branches in Whorls.
⚫ The Main Stem is covered by Scale Leaves.
⚫ The Lower Branches are Longer than Upper Branches in the Pine
Tree, this arrangement gives Conical Shape. So the Trees are called
Conifers.
⚫ The Branches are Dimorphic (Two Types) namely
▪ Long Shoots and
▪ Dwarf shoots
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GYMNOSPERMS -PINUS
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LONG SHOOT
• The Long Shoots develops
from the axil of Scale Leaves
of Main Stem.
• The Growth of Long Shoot is
Continuous by Apical Bud. So
it is called Branches of
Unlimited Growth.
• The Long Shoots are covered
by Scale Leaves.

GYMNOSPERMS -PINUS
DWARF SHOOT or SPUR SHOOT
⚫ The Dwarf Shoots develops from the axil of Scale leaves of Long
Shoot.
⚫ The Growth of Dwarf Shoot is Restricted by the loss of Apical Bud.
So it is called Branches of Limited Growth
⚫ The Dwarf Shoots are covered by Scale Leaves and End with Foliage
Leaves or Pine Needles.
⚫ The Dwarf Shoot with many Pine Needles is called Spur Shoot or
Foliar Spur
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GYMNOSPERMS -PINUS
LEAVES
⚫ The Leaves are Dimorphic ie Two types namely
⚫ Foliage Leaves and
⚫ Scale Leaves
FOLIAGE LEAVES
⚫ Foliage Leaves are Green and Needle like.
⚫ Also called Pine Needle.
⚫ Involved in Photosynthesis.
SCALE LEAVES
⚫ Scale Leaves are Brown and Membranous.
⚫ Also called Cataphylls.
⚫ Gives Protection to Buds.
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INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF PINUS NEEDLE
INTERNAL STRUCTURE
OF PINUS LEAF (Or) T.S
OF PINUS NEEDLE
The T.S Pinus Needle
shows
• Epidermis
• Mesophyll and
• Stele
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INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF PINUS NEEDLE
EPIDERMIS
⚫ It is an outer most multicellular unilayer.
⚫ It is made up of thick walled Parenchyma
⚫ Presence of thick Cuticle
⚫ Stomata are Sunken
⚫ It gives protection to the internal tissue.
MESOPHYLL
⚫ It is a tissue present below the epidermis
⚫ It consists of
▪ Outer Hypodermis
▪ Middle Arm Parenchyma and
▪ Inner Endodermis
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INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF PINUS NEEDLE
⚫ The Outer Hypodermis made up of 2-3 layers of Sclerenchyma,
interrupted by Air-Cavities in the place of Stomata
⚫ The Middle Parenchyma cells are fold inward like arms and
to form Arm Parenchyma, contain many Chloroplasts.
⚫ The Inner Parenchyma cells are arranged in a layer called
Endodermis
⚫ The Mesophyll also contain Two Resin Canals
⚫ It is involved in Photosynthesis.
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INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF PINUS NEEDLE
STELE
⚫ It is an inner most Conductive Tissue
⚫ It consists of
▪ Pericycle and
▪ Vascular Bundle
⚫ Pericycle is Multicellular, Multilayered and made up of Three
types of Cells namely
⚫ Albuminous Cells
⚫ Tracheidal Cells and
⚫ Transfusion Tissue
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INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF PINUS
T.S OF PINUS NEEDLE
VASCULAR BUNDLE
⚫ Vascular Bundles are Two and embedded in the Transfusion Tissue
⚫ It is Open and Collateral
⚫ It consists of
▪ Xylem
▪ Cambium and
▪ Phloem
⚫ Phloem towards Upper side, Xylem towards Lower side and Cambium
present between Xylem and Phloem
⚫ The Tracheidal Cells associate with Xylem and involved in
conduction of Water and minerals
⚫ The Albuminous Cells associate with Phloem and involved in
conduction of Food.
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INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF YOUNG ROOT OF PINUS
INTERNAL STRUCTURE
OF ROOT (Or) T.S OF
YOUNG ROOT OF PINUS
The T.S of Young Pinus
Root shows
Epidermis
Cortex
Stele and
Pith
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INTERNAL STRUCTURE
EPIDERMIS
⚫ It is an Outermost Multicellular Unilayer.
⚫ Some Epidermal cells Extent Outsides to form Unicellular Root Hairs
for Absorption.
⚫ It Gives Protection to the Internal Tissues.
CORTEX
⚫ It is a Tissue Present Below the Epidermis.
⚫ It is made up of Parenchyma Cells.
⚫ It is End with Single Layer called Endodermis.
⚫ It is Involved in Storage.
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INTERNAL STRUCTURE
STELE
⚫ It is a Conductive Tissue consists of
▪ Pericycle and
▪ Vascular tissue
⚫ The Pericycle is a Multicellular and Multilayered and it encloses the
vascular tissue.
⚫ The Lateral Roots are develops from Pericycle.
⚫ The Vascular Tissue consists of 2-6 Vascular Bundles.
⚫ Each Vascular bundle is Radial, in which Xylem and Phloem arranged
in different Radii.
XYLEM
⚫ Xylem is Y-shaped and Resin Canals are present between the Arms
of Xylem.
⚫ Xylem is made up of
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INTERNAL STRUCTURE
⚫ Xylem is consists of
▪ Protoxylem and
▪ Metaxylem
⚫ Xylem is Exarch, in which the Metaxylem present at the Centre and
Protoxylem towards outside.
⚫ Xylem is Diarch in which the Protoxylem ends with Two Points.
PHLOEM
⚫ Phloem is made up of
▪ Sieve Cells and
▪ Phloem Parenchyma.
PITH
⚫ It is a Tissue Present at the Centre.
⚫ It is Very Small and made up of Parenchyma Cells.
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INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF OLD ROOT OF PINUS
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(Or) SECONDARY GROWTH
OF PINUS ROOT
The T.S of (Secondary
Growth) Pinus Old Root
shows
Cork
Secondary Cortex
Vascular Tissue and
Pith

INTERNAL STRUCTURE
CORK
⚫ It is an Outermost Layer.
⚫ It Develops from the Primary Cortex by Crushing of Cells.
SECONDARY CORTEX
⚫ It is a Tissue Present Below the Cork.
⚫ It contains some Resin Canal.
⚫ Also contains Stone Cells.
VASCULAR TISSUE
⚫ It consists of
⚫ Primary Phloem
⚫ Secondary phloem
⚫ Secondary Xylem and
⚫ Primary Xylem
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INTERNAL STRUCTURE
PRIMARY PHLOEM
⚫ It is Formed from Cambium of vascular bundle towards outside
during Primary Growth.
⚫ It is Crushed during Secondary Growth.
SECONDARY PHLOEM
⚫ It is Few Layered.
⚫ It is made up of
⚫ Sieve Tubes
⚫ Sieve Plates
⚫ Phloem Parenchyma and
⚫ Albuminous Cells.
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INTERNAL STRUCTURE
SECONDARY XYLEM
⚫ It is well developed.
⚫ It is made up of Tracheids.
⚫ It is Separated by Uniseriate Medullary Rays.
PRIMARY XYLEM
⚫ It is Y Shaped
⚫ It is Diarch and Exarch
PITH
⚫ It is crushed
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INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF PINUS YOUNG STEM
INTERNAL STRUCTURE
OF STEM (Or) T.S OF
PINUS YOUNG STEM
The T.S of Young
Pinus Stem shows
Epidermis
Cortex
Stele and
Pith
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INTERNAL STRUCTURE
EPIDERMIS
⚫ It is an Outer Most Multicellular Unilayer.
⚫ It is an Irregular Outline due to the Presence of Scale Leaves.
⚫ Cuticle is Present.
CORTEX
⚫ It is a Tissue Present Below the Epidermis.
⚫ It is made up of
▪ Outer Hypodermis
▪ Middle Parenchyma and
▪ Inner Endodermis.
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INTERNAL STRUCTURE
⚫ The Outer Hypodermis made up of 2-3 Layers of Sclerenchyma Cells
Gives Mechanical Support.
⚫ The Middle many Layers of Parenchyma Cells Involved in Storage
and also contains many Resin Canals.
⚫ Each Resin Canal is surrounded by a layer of Glandular Epithelial
Cells that Secrete Turpentine.
⚫ The Inner Parenchyma Cells arranged in Single Layer called
Endodermis.
STELE
⚫ It is a conductive tissue consists of
▪ Pericycle and
▪ Vascular Tissue.
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INTERNAL STRUCTURE
⚫ The Pericycle is a Multicellular and Few Layered and it encloses the
vascular tissue.
⚫ The Vascular Tissue consists of 5-8 Vascular Bundles Separated by
Medullary Rays.
⚫ The Vascular Bundles are arranged in a Ring.
⚫ Each Vascular Bundle is Open in which the Cambium is Present
Between Xylem and Phloem.
⚫ Each Vascular Bundle is Collateral in which the Xylem and Phloem
arranged in Same Radius.
XYLEM
⚫ Xylem is made up of
▪ Tracheids and
▪ Xylem parenchyma
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INTERNAL STRUCTURE
⚫ Xylem consists of
▪ Protoxylem and
▪ Metaxylem
⚫ Xylem is Endarch in which the metaxylem toward outside and the
protoxylem toward inside of Stem.
PHLOEM
⚫ Phloem is made up of
▪ Sieve Cells
▪ Sieve Plates and
▪ Phloem Parenchyma.
PITH
⚫ It is a Tissue Present at the Centre
⚫ It is made up of Parenchyma Cells connected with cortex by
Medullary Rays.
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INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF PINUS OLD STEM
T.S OF OLD STEM OF
PINUS (Or) SECONDARY
GROWTH OF PINUS STEM
The T.S of (Secondary
Growth) Pinus Old Stem shows
Bark
Secondary Cortex
Vascular Tissue and
Pith
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INTERNAL STRUCTURE
BARK
⚫ It is an Outer Most Dead Cork Tissue.
⚫ It is Formed from Cork Cambium or Phellogen Towards Outside.
⚫ Cork Cambium or Phellogen is a Lateral Meristematic Tissue formed
from the outer cells of Cortex during Secondary Growth.
SECONDARY CORTX
⚫ It is Present Below the Bark.
⚫ Some cells Filled with Tannin.
⚫ It also contains some Resin Canal.
⚫ It is Formed from Cork Cambium or Phellogen Towards Inside.
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INTERNAL STRUCTURE
VASCULAR TISSUE
It consists of
▪ Primary Phloem
▪ Secondary Phloem
▪ Secondary Xylem and
▪ Primary Xylem
PRIMARY PHLOEM
⚫ It is Formed from Cambium of Vascular Bundle Towards Outside
during Primary Growth.
⚫ It is Crushed during Secondary Growth.
⚫ Cambium is a Lateral Meristematic Tissue present between Xylem
and Phloem of Vascular Bundle
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INTERNAL STRUCTURE
SECONDARY PHLOEM
⚫ The Secondary Phloem formed from Cambial Ring towards outside
during Secondary Growth
⚫ It consists of
▪ Sieve Tubes and
▪ Phloem Parenchyma
⚫ The Cambial Ring is a Lateral Meristematic Tissue formed from the
extension of Intrafascicular Cambium of Vascular Bundles and joins
to form continuous Ring called Cambial during Secondary Growth
SECONDARY XYLEM
⚫ The Secondary Xylem is also called Wood
⚫ The Secondary Xylem formed from Cambial Ring towards inside
during Secondary Growth
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INTERNAL STRUCTURE
⚫ It consists of
▪ Tracheids and
▪ Xylem Parenchyma
⚫ It is Transverse by Secondary Medullary Rays.
PRIMARY XYLEM
⚫ It is formed from cambium of vascular bundle during Primary Growth
⚫ It is Endarch
PITH
⚫ It is a Tissue present at the Centre.
⚫ It is Made up of small and Parenchymatous Cells.
⚫ Many cells filled with Tannin.
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PINUS
REPRODUCTION
REPRODUCTION OF PINUS (or)
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF PINUS (or)
REPRODUCTION OF SPOROPHYTIC BODY OF PINUS
⚫ The Plant Body of Pinus is a Diploid Sporophyte
⚫ It Reproduces Asexually by Spores through the Special Structure called
Cones.
⚫ Cones are Two types
▪ Male Cone and
▪ Female Cone
⚫ Pinus is Unisexual ie Male and female Cones are Separated
⚫ Pinus is a Heterospores ie it produces two types of spores namely
▪ Microspores and
▪ Megaspores.
⚫ Pinus is a Monoecious and ie Male and female Cones are produced in
Separated branches of the Same Plant
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ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF PINUS
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PINUS (2n)
MALE CONE FEMALE CONE
POLLENS (n)
(MICROSPORES) MEGASPORES (n)
MICROSPOROPHYLLS MEGASPOROPHYLLS
MICROSPORANGIA
OVULES
(MEGASPORANGIA)
MICROSPORE MOTHER CELLS (2n)
MEGASPORE MOTHER CELL (2n)

PINUS
REPRODUCTION
MALE CONE
⚫ It is a Male Reproductive Organ and also
called Staminate Strobilus.
⚫ Male Cones are formed in Clusters in the
axils of Scale Leaves at the Tip of Long Shoot.
⚫ Each Cone has Central Cone Axis with
Numerous Spirally Arranged Microsporophylls
⚫ Each Microsporophyll has a small
Stalk with terminal Leafy Expansion.
⚫ Each Microsporophyll Produces Two Microsporangia on its lower
side.
⚫ The Microsporangium consists of
▪ Archesporial Cells and
▪ Microsporangial Wall
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PINUS -MALE CONE
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PINUS
REPRODUCTION
⚫ The Inner Archesporial Cells divides to form many Microspore
Mother Cells (Pollen Mother Cells)
⚫ The Outer Microsporangial Wall is Multilayered in which the
Inner most Layer is called Tapetum
⚫ Later, Each Microspore Mother Cell undergoes Meiosis to form
Four Haploid Winged Pollens (Microspores).
⚫ The Pollen Develops in to Male Gametophytes.
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PINUS
REPRODUCTION
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MICROSPORES (POLLENS)
The Microspores are Small, Spherical and Unicellular.
Each Microspore consists of
Microspore Wall and
Protoplasm.

PINUS
REPRODUCTION
⚫ The outer Microspore wall is of two layered, namely
▪ Outer Exine and
▪ Inner Intine.
⚫ The Inner Protoplasm contains More Cytoplasm and a Haploid
Nucleus
⚫ The Outer Exine is Rigid, made up of Cutin and it Expands Lateral
Sides to form Two Wings.
⚫ The Outer Exine is not Continuous and it Leave a Gap is called
Pollen Pore.
⚫ The Inner Intine is Elastic, Continuous and made up of Cellulose and
it Extent Outwards to form Pollen Tube during Pollen Germination.
⚫ Wings are Used for the Dispersal Pollen by Wind.
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PINUS
REPRODUCTION
FEMALE CONE
⚫ It is a Female Reproductive Organ
and also called Ovulate Strobilus.
⚫ Female cones are formed in Few in the
axils of Scale Leaves at the Base of Long
Shoot.
⚫ Each Cone has Central Cone Axis with
Numerous Spirally Arranged Megasporophylls
⚫ Each Megasporophyll has Two kinds of Scales, namely
▪ Bract Scale and
▪ Ovuliferous Scale
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PINUS -FEMALE CONE
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PINUS
REPRODUCTION
⚫ The Bract Scale is Small, Thin, Membranous and develops from
Cone Axis.
⚫ The Ovuliferous Scale is Stout, Thick, Woody and develops from
the base of upper surface of Bract Scale.
⚫ The Ovuliferous Scale produces Two Megasporangia or Ovules at
the base on its upper surface
⚫ The Megasporangium produces only one Functional Megaspore.
⚫ The Megaspore develops in to Female Gametophyte with in the
Ovule.
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PINUS
STRCTURE OF OVULE
STRCTURE OF OVULE
⚫ The Megasporangium or Ovule consists of
▪ Integument and
▪ Nucellus
⚫ The Outer Integument is made up of Three Layered, namely
▪ Outer Fleshy Layer
▪ Middle Stony Layer and
▪ Inner Fleshy Layer.
⚫ The Inner Nucellus is a Nutritive Tissue.
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PINUS
STRCTURE OF OVULE
⚫ The Integument Leaves an Opening is called Micropyle
⚫ During the Development of Ovule, a cell in Nucellus near to
Micropyle is Differentiate and act as Megaspore Mother Cell
⚫ The Megaspore Mother Cell undergoes Meiosis to form Four Haploid
Megaspores in Linear Tetrads.
⚫ In which, Three Megaspores are Disintegrate towards Micropyle and
Remaining One is Functional.
⚫ The Functional Megaspore develops in to Female Gametophyte with
in the Ovule.
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GAMETOPHYTIC BODY OF PINUS
STRUCTURE and REPRODUCTION
GAMETOPHYTIC BODY
⚫ The Gametophytic Body of Pinus is Small and Haploid
⚫ The Gametophytic Body of Pinus is Dioecious in which the Male and
Female Gametophytic Bodies are Separated.
REPRODUCTION OF GAMETOPHYTIC BODY
⚫ The Gametophytic Body Reproduces by Sexual Method.
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
⚫ Sexual Reproduction is Oogamous type.
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SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF PINUS
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EMBRYO
MALE GAMETOPHYTE FEMALE GAMETOPHYTE
ARCHEGONIA
ZYGOTE
EGG
SPERM
SEED

GAMETOPHYTIC BODY
-SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF PINUS
STRUCTURE OF MALE GAMETOPHYTE
MALE GAMETOPHYTE
⚫ Microspore or Pollen Germinates in to Male Gametophyte.
⚫ The development of Male Gametophyte starts inside the
Microsporangium or Pollen Sac and ends on the surface of Nucellus.
⚫ The Pollen First divides to form a Small First Prothallial Cell and a
Large Cell
⚫ The Large Cell further divides to form a Second Prothallial Cell and a
Large Antheridial Cell
⚫ The Antheridial Cell further divides in to a Generative Cell and a Tube
Cell.
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DEVELOPMENT OF MALE GAMETOPHYTE
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LARGE
CELL
PROTHALLIAL
CELL-II
GENERATIVE
CELL
TUBE CELL
ANTHERIDIAL
CELL
STALK CELL
PROTHALLIAL
CELL-I
POLLEN
BODY
CELL
SPERM
SPERM

STRUCTURE OF MALE
GAMETOPHYTE
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• In this 4- Celled Condition,
the Pollen Released from
the Microsporangium of
Male Cone and transfer to
the Ovule by Wind, this
process called Pollination.
• At the time of Pollination,
the Nucellus secretes
mucilage Pollination Drops
that Receives and Brings
the Pollens in to Pollen
Chamber.

GAMETOPHYTIC BODY
STRUCTURE OF MALE GAMETOPHYTE
⚫ Further development of Pollen takes place on the Nucellus by the
formation of Pollen Tube.
⚫ The Pollen Tube Penetrates the Nucellus and grows towards the
Archegonium by the direction of Tube Cell.
⚫ At the same time, the Generative Cell divides in to Body Cell and a
Stalk Cell, they also entered in to pollen tube.
⚫ Finally, a week before the Fertilization the Body Cell divides in to two
unequal Male Gametes called Sperms.
⚫ The Sperms are Small Haploid, Short Lived and Non-Motile Male
Gametes.
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GAMETOPHYTIC BODY
STRUCTURE OF FEMALE GAMETOPHYTE
FEMALE GAMETOPHYTE
⚫ The Megaspore Germinates into Female Gametophyte.
⚫ The development of Female Gametophyte takes place inside the
Nucellus of Megasporangium or Ovule.
⚫ The Megaspore divides by Mitotic to form Female Gametophyte
Consists of 2000 Cells.
⚫ The Mature Female Gametophyte produces 3 to 5 Female Sex Organs
called Archegonia towards the Micropylar end.
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PINUS -FEMALE GAMETOPHYTE
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GAMETOPHYTIC BODY
STRUCTURE OF FEMALE GAMETOPHYTE
ARCHEGONIA
⚫ Archegonia are Female Sex Organs
⚫ Archegonia are Embedded in Female Gametophyte towards the
Micropylar end.
⚫ Each Archegonium is Flask Shape and it consists of
▪ Venter and
▪ Neck
⚫ Venter is a Basal Swollen Part and it has
▪ A Ventral Canal Cell and
▪ A Egg
⚫ Egg is Haploid and Non-Motile Female Gamete.
⚫ Neck is a Short Upper Part Has No Neck Canal Cell.
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GAMETOPHYTIC BODY
POLLINATION
POLLINATION
⚫ The Process of Transfer of Pollens (Microspores) from
Microsporangia of Male Cones to Ovules (Megasporangia) in Pinus is
called Pollination.
⚫ In Pinus, the Pollination is take place by Wind. So, it is called
Anemophillous.
⚫ After Mature, the Male Cones Releases Enormous Yellow Coloured
Pollens into the Air, it is Look Like Sulphur Rain.
⚫ After Mature, the Female Cones allows the Pollens Between
Megasporophylls by the Elongation of Cone Axis.
⚫ At the Same Time, the Nucellus of Mature Ovule Secretes Mucilage
Pollination Drops through the Micropyle that Receives and Bring the
Pollens in to Pollen Chamber.
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GAMETOPHYTIC BODY
FERTILIZATION
FERTILIZATION
⚫ Fertilization takes place after one year of Pollination.
⚫ The Pollen Tube carries the Tube Cell, Stalk Cell and 2 Sperms into
the Archegonium.
⚫ The Tip of Pollen Tube is Dissolve and Discharged the content in to
the Venter of Archegonium.
⚫ One of the Functional Sperm fuse with Egg to form Diploid Zygote.
⚫ The Tube Cell, Stalk Cell and the Second Sperm Degenerate and
Disappear.
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GAMETOPHYTIC BODY
DEVELOPMENT OF EMBRYO
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• The Zygote develops thick
wall to form Oospore.
• The Oospore divides Four
Times by Mitosis to form 16
celled Pro-Embryo.
• The 16 cells Pro-Embryo
arranged in 4Tiers of Four
Cells each.

GAMETOPHYTIC BODY
⚫ The Fourth Inner Most Tier is called Embryonic Tier in which the four
cells are separate and develops into four embryo, this condition is
called Polyembryony and also called Cleavage Polyembryony.
⚫ The Third Tier is called Suspensor Tier in which the cells elongate
and push the embryo in to the Female Gametophytic body or
Endosperm.
⚫ The Mature Embryo is Straight and consists of
▪ Radicle
▪ Plumule and
▪ Many Cotyledons.
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GAMETOPHYTIC BODY
SEED
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SEED
• The Fertilized Ovule of Pinus is called Seed
• The Seed has a straight Embryo surrounded by Endosperm and
a Seed Coat.

GAMETOPHYTIC BODY
SEED
⚫ The Mature Embryo consists of 10-18 Cotyledons, a Plumule, a
Radicle and a Hypocotyl.
⚫ The Female Gametophyte that provides food for the development of
Embryo.
⚫ Seed Coat is formed from the Integument of Ovule
⚫ The Pinus seed has Wings its derived from the Ovuliferous Scale that
used for Seed Dispersal.
⚫ The seed germination is Hypogeal or Hypocotyl in Pinus.
⚫ During seed germination, the radicle gives tap root the plumule gives
shoot of unlimited growth with primary pine needle leaves and
cotyledons retain under the soil
BOTRVMSBKCAPK

LIFE CYCLE OF PINUS
LIFE CYCLE
⚫ Life Cycle is called Alternations of Generation.
⚫ It consists of Two Bodies namely
▪ Sporophytic Body and
▪ Gametophytic Body
⚫ In which the spores producing Sporophytic body and gametes
producing Gametophytic body are Depends each other and Alternate
with one another.
BOTRVMSBKCAPK

LIFE CYCLE OF PINUS
.
BOTRVMSBKCAPK
MALE CONE FEMALE CONE
POLLENS (n)
(MICROSPORES) MEGASPORES (n)
EMBRYO
MALE GAMETOPHYTE
(n)
FEMALE GAMETOPHYTE
(n)
ARCHEGONIA
ZYGOTE
(2n)
EGG SPERM
SEED
MICROSPOROPHYLLS MEGASPOROPHYLLS
MICROSPORANGIA OVULES
(MEGASPORANGIA)
SPOROPHYTIC BODY (2n)
(PINUS -PLANT BODY)

5 2 -pinus

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5 2 -pinus