2. Status of Mushroom Production in India
India is Suitable for Mushroom Cultivation due to Favorable Agro
Climate, Abundance of Agro Wastes, Availability of Labour and a Rich Fungal
Biodiversity. Hence, the Mushroom Cultivation is in Progress. Now, the
remarkable work is being done in the States like Himachal Pradesh, Tamil
Nadu and Uttar Pradesh. Our country is Gifted with Two Distinct Climates
and Seasons, namely,
▪ Winter and
▪ Summer.
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3. Status of Mushroom Production in India
Accordingly, We can Divide Mushroom Cultivation and can Easily
Cultivate them under Natural Conditions almost Round the Year
⚫ Volvariella spp. (Paddy Straw Mushroom) can be grown in summer
when the temperature ranges from 28°C to 49°C.
⚫ Pleurotus spp. (Oyster Mushroom ) can be grown in winter when
temperature is about 20° to 30°C and
⚫ Agaricus bisporus (Button Mushroom) can be grown in winter when
temperature ranges from 15°C to 25°C.
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4. Status of Mushroom Production in India
Among the Mushroom, the White Button Mushroom has High
Demand and Popular and also Delicious and High Nutrients. Hence most
Farmer select this variety for Commercial Cultivation.
Presently, the Mushroom Production and Consumption are
increased in world. India also starts to Cultivate Mushroom in Commercial
Cultivation.
There are Two Main Types of Mushroom Growers in India,
▪ Seasonal Growers and
Commercial Growers (All Season Growers).
Both Growers are Mostly they Grow White Button Mushroom for the
Domestic Market and Export.
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5. Status of Mushroom Production in India
SEASONAL GROWERS
⚫ The Seasonal Growers are Restricted to Temperate Areas such as Himachal
Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Hilly Region of Tropic Areas in Uttar
Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, North Eastern India and North Western Plains of India
⚫ Many Growers Started Adopting the Seasonal Cultivation of White Button
Mushroom as a Livelihood and Income Generating Activity in this Region to
Cultivate 2-3 Times Per Year.
⚫ Many of these Small Scale Units are located in the states of Himachal Pradesh,
Gujarat, Tamilnadu, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and Goa.
⚫ The Advantages like Nearness to Market, Availability of Raw Materials at Low
Cost and Good Quality of Spawn for Mushroom Cultivation in this Region
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6. Status of Mushroom Production in India
COMMERCIAL GROWERS
The Commercial Growers (All-Season Growers) are scattered all over the
country. They Spread the Cultivation of Mushroom to All the Corners of the Country
for the Development of New Method of Composting and Maintain the Appropriate
Microclimate by High Tech.
Some Large Scale Units of Button Mushroom Production in India are
⚫ M/s., Himalaya International Ltd., Gujarat (10000 TPA).
⚫ M/s Agro Dutch Industries Ltd., Chandigarh (Punjab&Haryana) (8000 TPA)
⚫ M/s Tirupathi Balaji Agro Products Pvt Ltd., Maharashtra (4000TPA)
⚫ M/s Flex Foods Pvt. Ltd., Dehradun, Uttarakhand (2600 TPA)
⚫ M/s Weikfield Foods Pvt. Ltd., Maharashtra (2500 TPA)
Some Large Scale Units of Milky Mushroom Production in Tamil Nadu are
⚫ M/s Prince Mushroom, Erode and
⚫ M/s V. Chandrasekaran Mushroom Farm, Villupuram.
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7. Status of Mushroom Production in India
The Total White Button Mushroom produced in India from both
Seasonal and All Seasonal Growers Cultivation Units is estimated at 95000
metric tons. Out of this, approximately 8500 metric tons of Mushroom was
produced from the Seasonal Grower Units located in Haryana and Punjab
which accounted for 9% of total button mushroom production. The
Remaining 91% of Production from Commercial Grower Units in which the
highest production of button mushroom is Recorded from the Punjab (16000
metric tons) followed by Haryana (15000 metric tons), Maharashtra (10000
metric tons) and Gujarat (10000 metric tons). These Four States were
producing 53% of total White Button Mushroom in India.
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8. Status of Mushroom Production in India
Relative Contribution of Different Mushroom Species
In India, commonly Five Mushroom are Commercially Cultivated
and they are
⚫ White Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus),
⚫ Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus spp.),
⚫ Paddy Straw Mushroom (Volvariella volvacea),
⚫ Milky Mushroom (Calocybe indica) and
⚫ Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinula edodes)
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9. Status of Mushroom Production in India
The Commercially dominated Mushroom are White Button
Mushroom, Oyster Mushroom and Paddy Straw Mushroom. These three
mushrooms are contributing about 96% of total Mushroom Production in
India. In Which, the white button mushroom is 73% followed by oyster
mushroom (16%), paddy straw mushroom (7%) and milky mushroom (3%).
⚫ White Button Mushroom is one of the most palatable mushrooms due
to its delicious taste and nutritional value. Out of 73%, 50%
production of button mushroom is Recorded from the Punjab,
Haryana, Maharashtra and Gujarat.
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10. Status of Mushroom Production in India
⚫ Milky Mushroom is Native Tropical Mushroom of the Country. The
commercial cultivation Mostly Reported in North East Indian states
only and contributing up to 3% to the total Mushroom Production.
⚫ Paddy Straw Mushroom became more popular in the states of Odisha
and Chhattisgarh and its production was registered at 7% to the total
mushroom Production.
⚫ Shiitake Mushroom -Few of the growers in Uttarakhand and Himachal
Pradesh successfully cultivated the shiitake mushroom by short
duration cultivation technology of shiitake under indoor conditions,
but still this valued mushroom has not able to cultivate in commercial
scale in India.
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11. Status of Mushroom Production in India
⚫ Oyster Mushroom -In North Eastern states, Uttarakhand and
Chhattisgarh States, oyster mushroom cultivation is emerging as one
of the leading cottage industry.
⚫ In addition, Wood Ear Mushroom (Auricularia sp) and
Beech Mushroom (Hypsizygus tessulatus are also cultivated
Commercially .
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12. Status of Mushroom Production in India
Growth of Mushroom Production in India
There has been significant increase in production of mushrooms in
the last few years, especially of the oyster and paddy straw mushrooms in
India. The country’s production in 2010 was 1.00 lakh metric tons, of which
button mushroom accounted for 89% of the total production, followed by
oyster (6%), milky (1%) and others (4%).
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13. Status of Mushroom Production in India
Punjab, Uttrakhand, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Tamilnadu were the
leading producers of the mushroom in the country at the time of 2010. The
present production status revealed that, Maharashtra and Odisha are
emerging as the leading states in mushroom production.
By considering the present production data, mushroom industry in
India recorded an average annual growth rate of 4.3%. During this period, the
productivity has raised from 20% to 25% by the releasing of improved strains
in commercial edible mushroom.
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14. Status of Mushroom Production in India
Spawn Production
⚫ Initially, the National Research Centre for Mushrooms at Solan,
Himachal Pradesh was Prepared Different Pure Varieties of Spawn and
Supplied to the Cultivators throughout the India.
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15. Status of Mushroom Production in India
⚫ Later with the continuous Research Efforts from ICAR-DMR, Solan
Produced many High yielding Varieties of
⚫ Button Mushroom (DMR-Button-03);
⚫ Paddy Straw Mushroom (DMRO-247);
⚫ Shiitake Mushroom (DMRO-38 & DMRO-388) and
⚫ Milky Mushroom (DMR-334) and Maintains the Pure Culture in
Culture bank and then Supplied to different Spawn Production
Units, Research Labs and Mushroom Growers throughout India to
prepare the Quality Spawn.
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16. Status of Mushroom Production in India
⚫ Presently, Indian market demand is about 8000-10000 tons of
commercial spawn. Out of this Requirement of Spawn, the Public
Organizations Supplied less than 10% and Remaining is Still Fulfilled
by Private Spawn Suppliers in India.
⚫ This Trend is Very Clear with the Mushroom Production Status, where
the Higher Production is Recorded from the States viz., Punjab,
Haryana, Uttarakhand, Tamilnadu, Maharashtra and Odisha where
More Number of Private Spawn Labs are Located.
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