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1 8 tax -euphorbiaceae

The document describes the plant family Euphorbiaceae. It provides details on common plants in the family such as Ricinus communis, Acalypha indica, and Euphorbia hirta. It discusses diagnostic characters of the family including plants having milky or watery latex and unisexual flowers. The systematic position and general characteristics of the family are also summarized, with members being shrubs, trees or herbs with milky latex.

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ANCILLARY BOTANY PLANT TAXONOMY 1-8 -EUPHORBIACEAE BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE COMMON PLANTS ⚫ RICINUS COMMUNIS -CASTER - AMANAKU ⚫ ACALYPHA INDICA -INDIAN ACALYPHA -KUPPAIMENI ⚫ EUPHORBIA HIRTA –ASTHMA PLANT –AMMAN PACCHARISI ⚫ PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI -STONE BREAKER - KEELANELLI ⚫ CODIAEUM VARIEGATUM -GARDEN CROTONS ⚫ CICCA DISTICA - STAR GOOSE BERRY –ARINELLI ⚫ PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA - GOOSE BERRY -NELLI ⚫ EUPHORBIA ANTIQUORUM -TRIANGULAR SPRUGE -SADURA KALLI ⚫ EUPHORBIA TIRUCALLI -INDIAN TREE SPRUGE -TIRUKALLI ⚫ EUPHORBIA PULCHERRIMA -CHRISTMAS FLOWER ⚫ EUPHORBIA HETEROPHYLLA - ELAI MEL ROJA BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE COMMON PLANTS ⚫ CROTON SPARSIFLORUS -Railway Weed -REILPOONDU ⚫ TRAGIA CANNABINA - INDIAN STINGING NETTLE -SENTHATTYI ⚫ HEVEA BRASILIENSIS –PARA RUBBER – RUBBER TREE ⚫ JATROPHA CURCAS -PURGING NUT - KATTU AMANAKU ⚫ MANIHOT ESCULENTA -TAPIOCA -MARAVALLI ACALYPHA HISPIDA -FOXTAIL ⚫ PEDILANTHUS Sp. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE RICINUS COMMUNIS -CASTER BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE ACALYPHA INDICA -INDIAN ACALYPHA BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE EUPHORBIA HIRTA –ASTHMA PLANT BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI – STONE BREAKER BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE CODIAEUM VARIEGATUM -GARDEN CROTONS BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE SCICCA DISTICA - STAR GOOSE BERRY . BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA -GOOSE BERRY BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE PEDILANTHUS Sp. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE EUPHORBIA ANTIQUORUM -TRIANGULAR SPRUGE BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE EUPHORBIA TIRUCALLI-INDIAN TREE SPRUGE BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE MANIHOT ESCULENTA -TAPIOCA BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE HEVEA BRASILIENSIS - RUBBER TREE BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE EUPHORBIA HETEROPHYLLA - ELAI MEL ROJA . BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE EUPHORBIA PULCHERRIMA -CHRISTMAS FLOWER BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE ACALYPHA HISPIDA -FOXTAIL ⚫ BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE TRAGIA CANNABINA - INDIAN STINGING NETTLE . BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE CROTON SPARSIFLORUS -RAILWAY WEED . BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE JATROPHA CURCAS - KATTU AMANAKU BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE SYSTAMATIC POSITION SYSTAMATIC POSITION ⚫ CLASS : DICOTYLEDONS ⚫ SUB-CLASS : MONOCHLAMYDEAE ⚫ SERIES : UNISEXUALES ⚫ FAMILY : EUPHORBIACEAE (Spurge Family) ⚫ GENERA : 300 ⚫ SPECIES : 7500 ⚫ BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS OF EUPHORBIACEAE ⚫ PLANTS with Milky or Watery Latex. ⚫ INFLORESENCE is Special Type called Cyathium. ⚫ FLOWERS are Unisexual. ⚫ PERIANTH is One or Two Whorls or Absent. ⚫ STAMENS are One to Many and Free. ⚫ STYLE is Branched in to Three. ⚫ STIGMA is Bifid. ⚫ FRUIT is Schizocarpic Regma, Split in to Three one seeded Nutlets BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE GENERAL CHARACTERS GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EUPHORBIACEAE ⚫ PLANTS are Shrubs or Trees and Herbs with Milky Latex. ⚫ ROOT is Much Branched Tap Root. ⚫ STEM is Aerial, Herbaceous or Woody with Milky Latex. ⚫ LEAVES are Simple or Compound, Stipulate, Alternate or Opposite ⚫ INFLORESENCE is Racemose, Cymose or Special Type called Cyathium. ⚫ FLOWER are Pedicellate, Bracteate, Monochlamydeous, Unisexual, Monoecious , Actinomorphic and Hypogynous. ⚫ PERIANTH- Tepals- 5, Gamophyllous and Valvate or Imbricate Aestivation and mostly Sepaloid. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE GENERAL CHARACTERS ⚫ ANDROECIUM or MALE FLOWERS ⚫ STAMENS are One to Many and Polyandrous. ⚫ ANTHERS are Dithecous and Dehisce longitudinally ⚫ GYNOECIUM or FEMALE FLOWERS ⚫ OVARY is Tricarpellary, Trilocular, Syncarpous and Superior with Two Ovules in each Carpel on Axile Placentation. ⚫ STYLE is Branched in to Three and Terminal. ⚫ STIGMA is Bifid. ⚫ POLLINATION is Entomophily. ⚫ FRUIT is Schizocarpic Regma, Split in to Three one seeded Nutlets ⚫ SEEDS are Endospermous and Carunculate. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF EUPHORBIACEAE -VEGETATIVE MORPHOLOGY TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF EUPHORBIACEAE VEGETATIVE MORPHOLOGY DISTRIBUTION ⚫ The Family Euphorbiaceae is Commonly Called Spurrge Family. It Consists of 300 Genera and 7500 Species and The members are Cosmopolitan Distribution, excepts Arctic and other Cold Regions. HABIT ⚫ Mostly Shrubs - Ricinus ⚫ Trees – Hevea ⚫ Herbs - Acalypha ⚫ Climbing Shrub -Tragia HABITAT ⚫ Mostly Mesophytes ⚫ Some Xerophytes- Pedilanthus, Euphorbia tirucalli BOTRVMSBKCAPK
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF EUPHORBIACEAE -VEGETATIVE MORPHOLOGY ROOT ⚫ Mostly Branched Tap Root System. ⚫ Few adventitious Root System- Pedilanthus, Euphorbia tirucalli ⚫ Manihot utilissima, the Roots are Tuberous. STEM ⚫ Aerial, Erect and Herbaceous with Milky Latex. -Pedilanthus ⚫ Aerial, Erect, Woody with Milky Latex. - Hevea ⚫ Aerial, Erect, Solid and Woody - Phyllanthus emblica ⚫ Aerial, Erect, Hollow and Woody – Ricinus ⚫ Aerial, Weak and Climbing -Tragia cannabina Phylloclade- Euphorbia Sp. ⚫ In Euphorbia antiquorum , the leaves are modified in to Spines and the Stem becomes Fleshy Green to carry the Photosynthesis. ⚫ In Euphorbia tirucalli, the leaves are Small and Deciduous and the Stem becomes Fleshy Green to carry the Photosynthesis. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF EUPHORBIACEAE -VEGETATIVE MORPHOLOGY BOTRVMSBKCAPK LEAVES Simple, Petiolate, Stipulate, Alternate and Reticulate Venation. • In Hevea, Leaves are Trifoliate Compound. • In Phyllanthus emblica, the Leaves are Pinnately Compound. • In Phyllanthus niruri, the Leaves are look like Compound but leaves are Small and Simple.
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF EUPHORBIACEAE -VEGETATIVE MORPHOLOGY BOTRVMSBKCAPK • In Ricinus, the Leaves are Simple and Palmately Lobed • In Codiaeum variegatum, the Leaves are Variegated. • In Euphorbia heterophylla, the Leaves near the Cyathium Infloresence are Petaloid.
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF EUPHORBIACEAE REPRODUCTIVE MORPHOLOGY . BOTRVMSBKCAPK REPRODUCTIVE MORPHOLOGY INFLORESENCE • The Inflorescence is Terminal or Axillary. • In Euphorbia, the Inflorescence is Special Type called Cyathium
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF EUPHORBIACEAE REPRODUCTIVE MORPHOLOGY INFLORESENCE • In Acalypha, the Inflorescence is Racemose Catkin. The Female Flowers are at the base and Male Flowers towards the Tip of Peduncle. • In Ricinus, the Inflorescence is Racemose in which the Male Flowers at the base and Female Flowers towards the Tip of Peduncle. • In Jatropha, the Inflorescence is Cyme. The Central Flower is Female and the Male Flowers are Lateral. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF EUPHORBIACEAE REPRODUCTIVE MORPHOLOGY FLOWER ⚫ Pedicellate, Bracteate, Ebracteolate, Incomplete, Achlamydeous, Monochlamydeous or Dichlamydeous, Unisexual, Monoecious, Regular, Actinomorphic and Hypogynous. ⚫ The Perianth consists of One or Two whorls or Absence of Tepals in Flower. ⚫ Achlamydeous Flower - Tepals are Absent - Euphorbia. ⚫ Monochlamydeous Flower - Tepals are in One Whorl - Croton Female Flower ⚫ Dichlamydeous Flower – Sepals and Petals are in Two Whorls - Croton Male Flower, Jatropha BOTRVMSBKCAPK
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF EUPHORBIACEAE REPRODUCTIVE MORPHOLOGY PERIANTH ⚫ Tepals- 3 to 5, Polyphyllous (Polytepalous) and Valvate or Imbricate Aestivation and mostly Sepaloid. ⚫ In Ricinus, the Perianth is Gamophyllous ⚫ In Euphorbia, the Perianth is Absent. So, the Flowers are Naked. ⚫ In Croton, the Perianth is differentiated in to Calyx and Corolla. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF EUPHORBIACEAE REPRODUCTIVE MORPHOLOGY MALE FLOWERS ANDROECIUM STAMENS are One to Numerous and Polyandrous. ⚫ In Euphorbia, Androecium made up of One Stamen ⚫ In Phyllanthus, Androecium made up of Three Stamens. ⚫ In Ricinus, Androecium made up of Five Stamens. ⚫ In Jatropha, Androecium made up of Ten Stamens. ⚫ In Acalypha, Androecium made up of 8 - 16 Stamens. ⚫ In Croton, Androecium made up of Numerous (80-100) Stamens. FILAMENT is Simple. ⚫ In Ricinus, the Filament is Highly Branched in Five groups as like Miniature Tree. ⚫ In Phyllanthus cyclanthera, the Androecium is Synandrous. (Fused Ring like Structure of Filaments and Anthers) ANTHERS are Dithecous, Basifixed and Dehisce longitudinally. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF EUPHORBIACEAE REPRODUCTIVE MORPHOLOGY FEMALE FLOWERS GYNOECIUM ⚫ OVARY is Tricarpellary, Trilocular, Syncarpous and Superior with One or Two Ovules in each Carpel on Axile Placentation. ⚫ STYLE is Branched in to Three and Terminal. ⚫ STIGMA is Bifid. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF EUPHORBIACEAE REPRODUCTIVE MORPHOLOGY POLLINATION is Entomophily. FRUIT is Schizocarpic Regma, Split in to Three one seeded Nutlets SEEDS are Endospermous and Caruncle. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE CYATHIUM INFLORESENCE . BOTRVMSBKCAPK CYATHIUM INFLORESENCE • It is a Special Type of Inflorescence. • It is a Condensed form of Cup Shaped Inflorescence with One or Two Nectar Glands on the Outer Surface of Cup. • The Inflorescence is made up of Five Bracts that Fused to form Cup shaped Involucre with a single Central Female Flower surrounded by Five Groups of Male Flowers.
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF EUPHORBIACEAE REPRODUCTIVE MORPHOLOGY FEMALE FLOWER ⚫ Female Flower is Single at the Centre of Cup Shaped Involucre. ⚫ The Female Flower is Pedicellate and Naked. ⚫ The Female Flower is consist of only Gynoecium. GYNOECIUM ⚫ OVARY is Tricarpellary, Trilocular, Syncarpous and Superior with One or Two Ovules in each Carpel on Axile Placentation. ⚫ STYLE is Branched in to Three and Terminal. ⚫ STIGMA is Bifid. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF EUPHORBIACEAE REPRODUCTIVE MORPHOLOGY MALE FLOWERS ⚫ Male Flowers are Numerous and are arranged in Five Scorpiod Groups. ⚫ Each Group arises in the axil of a Bract. ⚫ The Male Flowers are Pedicellate and Naked. ⚫ Each Male Flower is consist of Single Stamen born on a Stalk with a Distinct Joint representing the Thalamus. STAMEN ⚫ FILAMENT is Simple at Tip of Pedicel. ⚫ ANTHERS are Dithecous, Basifixed and Dehisce Longitudinally BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF Ricinus Sp. HABIT ⚫ Highly Branched Shrub or Small Tree. HABITAT ⚫ Mesophytes ROOT ⚫ Branched Tap Root System. STEM ⚫ Aerial, Erect, Hollow and Woody. LEAVES ⚫ Simple, Palmately Lobed, Petiolate, Stipulate, Alternate and Reticulate Venation. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF Ricinus Sp. INFLORESENCE ⚫ The Inflorescence is Terminal and Racemose Panicle in which the Male Flowers at the base and Female Flowers towards the Tip of Peduncle. FLOWER ⚫ Pedicellate, Bracteate, Ebracteolate, Incomplete, Unisexual, Regular, Actinomorphic and Hypogynous. MALE FLOWERS PERIANTH ⚫ Tepals- 5, Polyphyllous and Valvate Aestivation and mostly Sepaloid. ANDROECIUM ⚫ STAMENS are 5 and Polyandrous. ⚫ FILAMENT is Highly Branched and End with Anthers. ⚫ ANTHERS are Dithecous, Basifixed and Dehisce longitudinally . BOTRVMSBKCAPK
BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF Ricinus Sp. FEMALE FLOWERS PERIANTH ⚫ Tepals- 3, Polyphyllous and Valvate Aestivation and mostly Sepaloid. GYNOECIUM ⚫ OVARY is Tricarpellary, Trilocular, Syncarpous and Superior with One Ovule in each Carpel on Axile Placentation. ⚫ STYLE is Branched in to Three and Terminal. ⚫ STIGMA is Bifid. POLLINATION is Entomophily. FRUIT is Schizocarpic- Regma, Split in to Three one seeded Nutlets SEEDS are Endospermous and Carunculate. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF EUPHORBIACEAE PHYLLANTHUS ACIDUS - STAR GOOSE BERRY ⚫ Fruits are Rich Source of Vitamin-C and are Edible. ⚫ Fruits are used in the Preparation of Pickles and Jam. ⚫ Fruits are used for Cardiac Disease, Piles, Blood Clotting. PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA - GOOSE BERRY ⚫ Fruits are Rich Source of Vitamin-C and are Edible. ⚫ Fruits are used in the Preparation of Pickles and Jam. ⚫ Fruits are used for Cardiac Disease, Anemia, Greyness of Hairs. PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI – STONE BREAKER ⚫ Plant Juice is Good Medicine for Jaundice and Dissolves Stones in Kidney. ⚫ The Juice of Leaves is Diuretic, Stop Bleeding from Gums. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE MANIHOT ESCULENTA -TAPIOCA ⚫ The Starchy Tuberous Roots are Edible. RICINUS COMMUNIS – CASTER ⚫ Seed Oil is used as Arthritis, Purgative. ⚫ Oil is Used as a Lubricant. CODIAEUM VARIEGATUM –GARDEN CROTONS ⚫ Grown as Leafy Ornamental Plants in Gardens and Parks. ACALYPHA HISPIDA -FOXTAIL ⚫ Grown as Leafy Ornamental Plants in Garden and Park. ACALYPHA INDICA -INDIAN ACALYPHA ⚫ Plant Decoction is used as Laxative. ⚫ Plant Juice is used to cure Pneumonia, Asthma. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE HEVEA BRASILIENSIS –PARA RUBBER – RUBBER TREE ⚫ Rubber is Obtained from the Milky Latex of Trunk of Tree that used to manufacture of Tubes and Tyres. JATROPHA CURCAS -PURGING NUT ⚫ It Contains Curcin that used as Purgative. ⚫ Seed Oil is used as Biodiesel and used for the Manufacture of Soaps, Candle and Lubricant. TRAGIA CANNABINA –INDIAN STINGING NETTLE ⚫ Roots are used for Venereal Diseases. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE EUPHORBIA ANTIQUORUM -TRIANGULAR SPRUGE ⚫ Juices used in Neurological (Pains in Nerves) and useful for Skin Diseases. ⚫ Latex used for Dyspepsia (Indigestion), Abdominal Disorders, Mental Disorders, Nasal Catarrh EUPHORBIA TIRUCALLI -INDIAN TREE SPRUGE ⚫ Latex used for Warts, Rheumatism, Neurological (Pains in Nerves), Toothache, Asthma and Earache. EUPHORBIA PULCHERRIMA -CHRISTMAS FLOWER ⚫ Leaves and Flowers used as Laxative, Increase Secretion of Milk in Nourishing Mother and useful in Skin Diseases. ⚫ Grown as Ornamental Plants EUPHORBIA HETEROPHYLLA -ELAI MEL ROJA ⚫ Grown as Leafy Ornamental Plants in Gardens and Parks. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
EUPHORBIACEAE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE PEDILANTHUS Sp. ⚫ Ornamental Herbs that Grown as Marginal or Hedge Plants in Gardens and Parks. CROTON SPARSIFLORUS ⚫ Latex is used for Cuts and Wounds. ⚫ The plant is a Rich source of Potash and nitrogen. So, it’s Used as Good Green Manure. BOTRVMSBKCAPK