Selective Laser Sintering is one of the most used processes of Rapid Prototyping. It is a powder based process where powder of different metals/materials get sintered by LASER.
Selective Laser Sintering is one of the most used processes of Rapid Prototyping. It is a powder based process where powder of different metals/materials get sintered by LASER.
FDM Process introduction (A part of Additive Manufacturing Technique OR Commonly Known as 3D Printing). 3D printing is an evolved manufacturing technique; it is comparatively better than conventional substractive manufacturing. There is minimum wastage of material because material is added only at those locations where it is required. To make 3D model you need a 3D printer and feeding material and obviously power source. Any thermoplastic material whose melting temperature lies in the range of 150-240 deg. C can be used in FDM based 3D printing.
this short ppt gives you a rough idea about the additive manufacturing process of stereolithography. This process is apart of 3d printing technologies around us. Also included is link to a video that will help you further.
FDM Process introduction (A part of Additive Manufacturing Technique OR Commonly Known as 3D Printing). 3D printing is an evolved manufacturing technique; it is comparatively better than conventional substractive manufacturing. There is minimum wastage of material because material is added only at those locations where it is required. To make 3D model you need a 3D printer and feeding material and obviously power source. Any thermoplastic material whose melting temperature lies in the range of 150-240 deg. C can be used in FDM based 3D printing.
this short ppt gives you a rough idea about the additive manufacturing process of stereolithography. This process is apart of 3d printing technologies around us. Also included is link to a video that will help you further.
BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITYBAHIR DAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BiT)FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING Rapid Prototyping & Reverse Engineering [MEng6123]
Rapid Prototyping Techniques
Rapid Prototyping Techniques
They can be categorized by material: photopolymer, thermoplastic, and adhesives.
Photopolymer systems start with a liquid resin, which is then solidified by exposure to a specific wavelength of light.
Thermoplastic systems begin with a solid material, which is then melted and fuses upon cooling.
The adhesive systems use a binder to connect the primary construction material
Rapid Prototyping Techniques
The initial state of material can come in either
solid, liquid or powder state
The current range materials include
paper, polymer, nylon, wax, resins, metals and ceramics.
Liquid Based RP Systems
Solidification of a Liquid Polymer
These process involve the solidification of a resin via electromagnetic radiation
There are different processes in this category
Stereolithography (SL)
Liquid Thermal Polymerization (LTP)
Beam Interference Solidification (BIS)
Solid Ground Curing (SGC)
Objet Quadra Process (Objet)
Holographic Interference Solidification
Liquid Based RP Systems
Stereolithography (SL)
Principle of Operation
Patented in 1986,
Started the RP revolution
Developed by 3D Systems, Inc.
Most popular RP methods.
The technique builds 3D models from liquid photosensitive polymers that solidify when exposed to ultraviolet light.
Builds plastic parts a layer at a time by tracing a laser beam on the surface of a vat of liquid photopolymer.
The liquid photopolymer, quickly solidifies wherever the laser beam strikes the surface of the liquid
The presentation covers all the methods of Rapid protoyping and various aspects related to it.
The Topics covered in the presentation are
1) Droplet Deposition Manufacturing
2) Laminated Object Manufacturing
3) Fused Deposition Modeling
4) Selective Laser Manufacturing
5) Sterolithography
This presentation deals with the rapid prototyping fundamentals, rapid tooling vs conventional tooling and types of RP such as stereolithography,fused deposition modelling , laminated object manufacturing , 3d printing and selective laser sintering.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
2. POWDER BASED SYSTEM
Different types of Powder Based System are :
• Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
• Three Dimensional Printing (3DP)
• Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS)
3. Powder Based System – Selective Laser Sintering
(SLS)
• 3D Systems Corporation was founded by Charles W. Hull and
Raymond S. Freed in 1986.
• SLS is a additive manufacturing technology for producing models,
prototypes, and patterns.
• There are several models/Products available in SLS
Sinterstation 2000
Sinterstation 2500
Sinterstation 2500 Plus
Vanguard
The SLS® process is the only technology with the capability
to directly process a variety of engineering thermoplastic materials,
metallic materials, ceramic materials, and thermoplastic composites.
4. Process Of SLS
• The SLS® process creates three-dimensional objects, layer by
layer, from CAD-data generated in a CAD software using
powdered materials with heat generated by a CO2 laser within
the Vanguard system.
• CAD data files in the STL file format are first transferred to the
Vanguard system where they are sliced.
From this point SLS process starts and operates as follows :
1. A thin layer of heat-fusible powder is deposited onto the part-
building chamber.
2. The bottom-most cross-sectional slice of the CAD part under
fabrication is selectively “drawn” (or scanned) on the layer of
powder by a heat-generating CO2 laser.
3. The interaction of the laser beam with the powder elevates the
temperature to the point of melting, fusing the powder particles
to form a solid mass.
5. Process Of SLS
4. The intensity of the laser beam is modulated to melt the powder
only in areas defined by the part’s geometry. Surrounding powder
remain a loose compact and serve as supports.
5. When the cross-section is completely drawn, an additional layer of
powder is deposited via a roller mechanism on top of the previously
scanned layer. This prepares the next layer for scanning.
6. Steps 2,3,4 and 5 are repeated, with each layer fusing to the layer
below it. Successive layers of powder are deposited and the process is
repeated until the part is completed.
The SLS® system contains the following hardware components:
(1) Build chamber dimensions (381 × 330 × 457 mm)
(2) Process station (2100 × 1300 × 1900 mm)
(3) Computer cabinet (600 × 600 × 1828 mm)
(4) Chiller (500 × 800 × 900 mm)
8. Materials Used In SLS
• The Materials used in SLS are:
Polyamide
Thermoplastic elastomer
Polycarbonate
Nylon
Metal
9. Principle Of SLS
• The SLS process is based fundamentally on following principle:
(1) Parts are built by sintering when a CO2 laser beam hits a thin layer of
powdered material.
(2) The interaction of the laser beam with the powder raises the
temperature to the point of melting, resulting in particle bonding,
fusing the particles to themselves and the previous layer to form a
solid.
(3) The building of the part is done layer by layer. Each layer of the
building process contains the cross-sections of one or many parts.
(4) The next layer is then built directly on top of the sintered layer after
an additional layer of powder is deposited via a roller mechanism on
top of the previously formed layer.
10. Advantages of SLS
(1) Good part stability
(2) Wide range of processing materials
(3) No part supports required
(4) Little post processing required
(5) No post curing required
(6) Advance software support
(1) Large physical size of unit
(2) High power consumption
(3) Poor surface finish
Disadvantages of SLS
11. Application of SLS
The Vanguard SLS® system can produce a wide range of parts in a
broad variety of applications, including the following
(1) Concept models
(2) Functional models and working prototypes
(3) Polycarbonate (Rapid Casting) patterns
(4) Metal tools (Rapid Tool)
12. Sinter Bonding
• In the process, particles in each successive layer are fused to each other
and to the previous layer by raising their temperature with the laser beam
to above the glass-transition temperature.
• The glass-transition temperature is the temperature at which the material
begins to soften from a solid to a jelly-like condition.
• This often occurs just prior to the melting temperature at which the
material will be in a molten or liquid state.
• As a result, the particles begin to soften and deform owing to their weight
and cause the surfaces in contact with other particles or solid to deform
and fuse together at these contact surfaces.
• One major advantage of sintering over melting and fusing is that it joins
powder particles into a solid part without going into the liquid phase, thus
avoiding the distortions caused by the flow of molten material during
fusing.
• As the sintering process requires the machine to bring the temperature of
the particles to the glass-transition temperature, the amount of energy
needed is considerable.
• The energy required to sinter bond a similar layer thickness of material is
approx b/w 300 to 500 times higher den photopolymerization.
13. LASER ENGINEERED NET SHAPING
(LENS)
• Laser engineered net shaping or LENS is a technology developed
by Sandia National Laboratories in 1995 for fabricating metal
parts directly from a computer-aided design (CAD) solid model by
using a metal powder injected into a molten pool created by a
focused, high-powered laser beam.
• Since 1997, Optomec Inc. has focused on commercializing a direct
fabrication process
14. The system consists of
• A Nd:YAG laser
• A controlled atmosphere glove box,
• A 3- 5axis computer controlled positioning system and
• A powder feed unit.
15. Process Of LENS
The LENS process build components in an additive manner from
powdered metals using Nd:YAG laser to fuse powder to a solid.
• A deposition head supplies metal powder to the focus of a high
powdered Nd:YAG laser beam to be melted. This laser is
typically directed by fiber optics or precision angled mirrors.
• The laser is focused on a particular spot by a series of lenses,
and a motion system underneath the platform moves
horizontally and laterally as the laser beam traces the cross-
section of the part being produced.
• The fabrication process takes place in a low-pressure argon
chamber for oxygen-free operation in the melting zone,
ensuring that good adhesion is accomplished.
• When a layer is completed, the deposition head moves up and
continues with the next layer. The process is repeated layer by
layer until the part is completed.
• The entire process is usually enclosed to isolate the process
from the atmosphere.
16.
17. Principle Of LENS
(1) A high powered Nd:YAG laser focused onto a metal substrate
creates a molten puddle on the substrate surface. Powder is then
injected into the molten puddle to increase material volume.
(2) A “printing” motion system moves a platform horizontally and
laterally as the laser beam traces the cross-section of the partbeing
produced. After formation of a layer of the part, the machine’s
powder delivery nozzle moves upwards prior to building next layer.
18. Advantages of LENS
(1) Superior material properties. The LENS process is capable of
producing fully dense metal parts . Metal parts produced can
also include embedded structures and superior material properties.
The microstructure produced is also relatively good.
(2) Complex parts. Functional metal parts with complex features
are the forte of the LENS system.
(3) Reduced post-processing requirements. Post-processing is
minimized, thus reducing cycle time.
19. Disadvantages of LENS
(1) Limited materials. The process is currently narrowly focused to
produce only metal parts.
(2) Large physical unit size. The unit requires a relatively large area to
house.
(3) High power consumption. The laser system requires very high
wattage.
20. APPLICATION OF LENS
LENS can be used in following general application:
(1) Build mold and die inserts
(2) Producing titanium parts in racing industry
(3) Fabricate titanium components for biological implants
(4) Produce functionally gradient structures
21. THREE-DIMENSIONAL
PRINTING (3DP)
• Z Corporation was incorporated in 1994 by Hatsopoulos, Walter
Bornhost, Tim Anderson and Jim Brett.
• It commercialized its first 3DPrinter, the Z402 System, based on
three-dimensional technology (3DP) in 1997.
• Z Corporation’s latest products are the Z400, Z406 and Z810
systems.
22. Process Of 3DP
• The machine spreads a layer of powder from the feed box to
cover the surface of the build piston.
• The printer then prints binder solution onto the loose powder,
forming the first cross-section.
• For monochrome parts, Z406 color printer uses all four print
heads to print a single-colored binder.
• For multi-colored parts, each of the four print heads deposits a
different color binder, mixing the four color binders to produce a
spectrum of colors that can be applied to different regions of a
part.
• The powder is glued together at where the binder is printed. The
remaining powder remains loose and supports the layers that
Will be printed above.
• When the cross-section is completed, the build piston is
lowered, a new layer of powder is spread over its surface, and
the process is repeated.
23. • The part grows layer by layer in the build piston until the part
is completed, completely surrounded and covered by loose
powder.
• Finally the build piston is raised and the loose powder is
vacuumed, revealing the complete part.
• Once a build is completed, the excess powder is vacuumed
and the parts are lifted from the bed.
• Once removed, parts can be finished in a variety of ways to
suit your needs.
24. Advantages of 3DP
• High speed - Fastest 3D printer to date. Each layer is
printed in seconds, reducing the prototyping time of a
hand-held part to 1 to 2 hours.
• Simple to operate - The office compatible Zcorp system
is straightforward to operate and does not require a
designated technician to build a part.
• No wastage of materials - Powder that is not printed
during the cycle can be reused.
• Color - Enables complex color schemes in RP-ed parts
from a full 24-bit palette of colors.
• Versatile
25. Disadvantages of 3DP
• Poor surface finish - Parts built by 3D printing have a
relatively poorer surface finish and post-processing is
frequently required.
• Limited functional parts - Relative to the SLS, parts
built are much weaker, thereby limiting the functional
testing capabilities.
• Limited Materials