BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITYBAHIR DAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BiT)FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING Rapid Prototyping & Reverse Engineering [MEng6123]
Post processing of AM parts
Post processing of AM parts
Post processing of AM parts
Post processing of AM parts
Post processing of AM parts
Post processing of AM parts
Post processing of AM parts
Post processing of AM parts
Post processing of AM parts
Post processing of AM parts Preparation for use as a Pattern Often
Guidelines for process selection
Guidelines for process selection Approaches to Selection
Guidelines for process selection Selection Example
Guidelines for process selection - Selection Example
In this example, it is decided to allow customization of certain features.
Only standard 12 mm diameter x 100 mm length bolts will be used for the inner bore, therefore, these dimensions will be constrained.
Customers will be allowed to customize all other features of the caster wheel
within allowable ranges for this model wheel, as displayed in the table below.
Guidelines for process selection - Selection Example
Guidelines for process selection Selection Example
In this example, we examine two weighting scenarios (relative importance ratings).
Scenario 2
All selection attributes were equally weighted.
Guidelines for process selection Selection Example
BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITYBAHIR DAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BiT)FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING Rapid Prototyping & Reverse Engineering [MEng6123]
Post processing of AM parts
Post processing of AM parts
Post processing of AM parts
Post processing of AM parts
Post processing of AM parts
Post processing of AM parts
Post processing of AM parts
Post processing of AM parts
Post processing of AM parts
Post processing of AM parts Preparation for use as a Pattern Often
Guidelines for process selection
Guidelines for process selection Approaches to Selection
Guidelines for process selection Selection Example
Guidelines for process selection - Selection Example
In this example, it is decided to allow customization of certain features.
Only standard 12 mm diameter x 100 mm length bolts will be used for the inner bore, therefore, these dimensions will be constrained.
Customers will be allowed to customize all other features of the caster wheel
within allowable ranges for this model wheel, as displayed in the table below.
Guidelines for process selection - Selection Example
Guidelines for process selection Selection Example
In this example, we examine two weighting scenarios (relative importance ratings).
Scenario 2
All selection attributes were equally weighted.
Guidelines for process selection Selection Example
Selective Laser Sintering is one of the most used processes of Rapid Prototyping. It is a powder based process where powder of different metals/materials get sintered by LASER.
this short ppt gives you a rough idea about the additive manufacturing process of stereolithography. This process is apart of 3d printing technologies around us. Also included is link to a video that will help you further.
FDM Process introduction (A part of Additive Manufacturing Technique OR Commonly Known as 3D Printing). 3D printing is an evolved manufacturing technique; it is comparatively better than conventional substractive manufacturing. There is minimum wastage of material because material is added only at those locations where it is required. To make 3D model you need a 3D printer and feeding material and obviously power source. Any thermoplastic material whose melting temperature lies in the range of 150-240 deg. C can be used in FDM based 3D printing.
Selective Laser Sintering is one of the most used processes of Rapid Prototyping. It is a powder based process where powder of different metals/materials get sintered by LASER.
this short ppt gives you a rough idea about the additive manufacturing process of stereolithography. This process is apart of 3d printing technologies around us. Also included is link to a video that will help you further.
FDM Process introduction (A part of Additive Manufacturing Technique OR Commonly Known as 3D Printing). 3D printing is an evolved manufacturing technique; it is comparatively better than conventional substractive manufacturing. There is minimum wastage of material because material is added only at those locations where it is required. To make 3D model you need a 3D printer and feeding material and obviously power source. Any thermoplastic material whose melting temperature lies in the range of 150-240 deg. C can be used in FDM based 3D printing.
This presentation deals with the rapid prototyping fundamentals, rapid tooling vs conventional tooling and types of RP such as stereolithography,fused deposition modelling , laminated object manufacturing , 3d printing and selective laser sintering.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
3. Liquid Based System – Stereolithography
Apparatus (SLA)
• Stereolithography (SLA) was founded in 1986 by Charles W Hull
and Raymond S Freed and 1987 first commercial AM process was
developed
• SLA is a additive manufacturing technology for producing models,
prototypes, and patterns.
• The first developed AM technique is SLA .
• There are several models/Products available in SLA
SLA 250/30A
SLA 250/50
SLA 250/50 HR
4. Process Of SLA
• 3D systems stereolithography process creates three-dimensional
plastic objects directly from CAD data.
• The SLA process begins with vat filled with photo-curable liquid
resin and elevator table just below the surface of liquid resin.
• The operator loads 3 dimensional CAD model file into the
system.
• The translator converts CAD data into STL file.
• The control unit slices the model and support into a series of
cross-section from 0.025 mm to 0.5 mm thick.
• The computer controlled optical scanning system directs and
focuses the laser beam
• It solidifies 2 dimensional cross section corresponding to the
slice of surface of photo curable liquid resin to a depth greater
than one layer thickness.
5. Process Of SLA
• The elevator table drops enough to cover the solid polymer with
another layer of liquid resin.
• A leveling wiper moves across the surface to recoat next layer of
resin on the surface.
• The laser then draws next layer.
• The process continues building the part from bottom up until
the system completes the part.
• Finally the part is raised from vat and cleaned the excess
polymer.
• The parameters are used Heat energy, layer thickness and
polymer density.
8. Process Of SLA
• The Main components of SLA are:
Control computer
Control panel
Laser
Optical system and
Process chamber
9. Process Of SLA
The workstation used by SLA system known as 3D LIGHT
YEAR exploits the full power of windows NT operating system and
delivers far richer functionality then UNIX based Maestro system.
Maestro includes following softwares:
(1) 3dverify Module. This module can be accessed to confirm the
integrity and/or provide limited repair to stereolithography (STL)
files before part building without having to return to the original
CAD software. Gaps between triangles, overlapping or redundant
triangles and incorrect normal directions are some examples of the
flaws that can be identified and corrected.
(2)View Module. This module can display the STL files and slice file
(SLI) in graphical form. The viewing function is used for visual
inspection and for the orientation of these files so as to achieve
optimal building.
10. Process Of SLA
(3) MERGE Module. By using MERGE, several SLI files can be merged into
a group which can be used together in future process.
(4) Vista Module. This module is a powerful software tool that
automatically generates support structures for the part files. Support
structures are an integral part to successful part building, as they help to
anchor parts to the platform when the part is free floating or there is an
overhang.
(5) Part Manager Module. This software module is the first stage of
preparing a part for building. It utilizes a spreadsheet format into which
the STL file is loaded and set-up with the appropriate build and recoat
style parameters.
(6) SliceTM Module. This is the second stage of preparing a part for
building. It converts the spreadsheet information from the Part Manager
module to a model of three-dimensional cross sections or layers.
(7)Converge Module. This is the third and last stage of preparing a
part for building. This is the module which creates the final build
files used by the SLA.
11. Principle Of SLA
• The SLA process is based fundamentally on following priniciple:
(1) Parts are built from a photo-curable liquid resin that cures
when exposed to a laser beam (basically, undergoing the
photopolymerization process) which scans across the surface of
the resin. The raw material is Photosensitive thermoset polymers
used in this process.
(2) The building is done layer by layer, each layer being scanned by
the optical scanning system and controlled by an elevation
mechanism which lowers at the completion of each layer.
12. Photopolymers
There are many types of liquid photopolymers – solidified by
exposure to electro-magnetic radiation, including wavelengths in the
gamma rays, X-rays, UV and visible range, or electron-beam (EB)
UV-curable photopolymers are resins
There are a large variety of them and some may contain fillers and
other chemical modifiers to meet specified chemical and mechanical
requirements The process through which photopolymers are cured is
referred to as the photopolymerization process.
13. PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION
• Polymerization is the process of linking small molecules (known
as monomers) into chain-like larger molecules.
• When the chain-like polymers are linked further to one another,
a cross-linked polymer is said to be formed.
• Photopolymerization is polymerization initiated by a
photochemical process whereby the starting point is usually the
induction of energy from the radiation source. It terminates for
recombination.
14.
15. The free-radical photo polymerization process
Photo initiator molecules, Pi, which are mixed with the monomers, M,
are exposed to a UV source of actinic photons, with energy of hν . The
photo initiators absorb some of the photons and are in an excited state.
Some of these are converted into reactive initiator molecules, P•, after
undergoing several complex chemical energy transformation steps.
These molecules then react with a monomer molecule to form a
polymerization initiating molecule, PM•.
This is the chain initiation step.
Once activated, additional monomer molecules go on to react in the
chain propagation step, forming longer molecules, PMMM• until a chain
inhibition process terminates the polymerization reaction.
16. Advantages and Disadvantages
The main advantages of using SLA are:
(1) Round the clock operation. The SLA can be used continuously and
nattended round the clock.
(2) Good user support. The computerized process serves as a good ser
support.
(3) Build volumes. The different SLA machines have build volumes ranging
from small to large to suit the needs of different users.
(4) Good accuracy. The SLA has good accuracy and can thus be used or
many application areas.
(5) Surface finish. The SLA can obtain one of the best surface finishes
amongst RP technologies.
17. (6) Wide range of materials. There is a wide range of materials, from
general-purpose materials to specialty materials for specific
applications.
The main disadvantages of using SLA are:
(1) Requires support structures. Structures that have overhangs and
undercuts must have supports that are designed and fabricated together
with the main structure.
(2) Requires post-processing. Post-processing includes removal of supports
and other unwanted materials, which is tedious, time consuming and can
damage the model.
(3) Requires post-curing. Post-curing may be needed to cure the object
completely and ensure the integrity of the structure.
18. Applications
The SLA technology provide methods for reducing time to market,
lowering product development costs, gaining greater control of their
design process and improving product design.
(1) Models for conceptualization(an elaborated concept), packaging and
presentation.
(2) Prototypes for design, analysis, verify ,functional testing.
(3) Parts for prototype tooling and low volume production tooling.
(4) Investment casting, sand casting and molding.
(5) Tools for fixture and tooling design, and production tooling. It is used
as a tooling for Injection moulding.
19. Solid Based System – Fused Deposition
Modelling (FDM)
• Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) was founded in early 1990 by
Stratasys.Inc.
• FDM is a additive manufacturing technology for producing
models, prototypes, and patterns.
• There are several models/Products available in FDM
FDM 3000
FDM Maxum
FDM Titan
20. Process of FDM
• In this patented process , a geometric model of a conceptual design is
created on a CAD software which uses IGES or STL formatted files.
• It can then imported into the workstation where it is processed through
the QuickSlice® and SupportWork software.
• Within this software, the CAD file is sliced into horizontal layers after
the part is oriented for the optimum build position, and any necessary
support structures are automatically detected and generated.
• The slice thickness can be set manually to anywhere between 0.172 to
0.356 mm (0.005 to 0.014 in) depending on the needs of the models.
Support structure required when the CAD model having an angle of
below 45 degree.
• The modelling material is in spools — very much like a fishing
line.The filament on the spools is fed into an extrusion head and heated
to a semi-liquid state. Support material is used to support overhanging
sections and undercutting sections.
21. Process Of FDM
• The semi-liquid material is extruded through the head and then
deposited in ultra thin layers from the FDM head, one layer at a time.
• Since the air surrounding the head is maintained at a temperature
below the materials’ melting point, the exiting material quickly
solidifies.
• Moving on the X–Y plane, the head follows the tool path generated by
QuickSlice® or Insight generating the desired layer.When the layer is
completed, the head moves on to create the next layer.
• The horizontal width of the extruded material can vary between 0.250
to 0.965 mm depending on model. Reduce the warpage of processed
parts by printing with raft on, proper bed preparation and using
sticking agent.
• Two modeler materials are dispensed through a dual tip mechanism in
the FDM machine.
• A primary modeler material is used to produce the model geometry
• Secondary material, or release material, is used to produce the support
structures.
22. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
Z-motion
Melting head with
XY-motion
Build material
wire spools:
(a) Part (b) Support
Extrusion nozzles
Part
Support
Foam base
Materials:
ABS, Polycarbonate (PC),
Polyphenylsulfonen (PPSF)
23. Principle Of FDM
• The principle of the FDM is based on surface chemistry, thermal
energy, and layer manufacturing technology.
• The material in filament (spool) form is melted in a specially
designed head, which extrudes on the model.
• As it is extruded, it is cooled and thus solidifies to form the
model.
• The model is built layer by layer, like the other RP systems.
• Parameters which affect performance and functionalities of the
system are material column strength, material flexural modulus,
material viscosity, positioning accuracy, road widths, deposition
speed, volumetric flow rate, tip diameter, envelope
temperature, and part geometry.
24. Advantages of FDM
(1)Fabrication of functional parts: FDM process is able to fabricate
prototypes with materials that are similar to that of the actual molded
product. With ABS, it is able to fabricate fully functional parts that
have 85% of the strength of the actual molded part. This is especially
useful in developing products that require quick prototypes for
functional testing.
(2)Minimal wastage: The FDM process build parts directly by
extruding semi-liquid melt onto the model. Thus only those material
needed to build the part and its support are needed, and material
wastages are kept to a minimum. There is also little need for cleaning
up the model after it has been built.
(3)Ease of support removal.:With the use of Break Away Support
System (BASS) and WaterWorks Soluble Support System, support
structures generated during the FDM building process can be easily
broken off or simply washed away. This makes it very convenient for
users to get to their prototypes very quickly and there is very little or
no post-processing necessary.
25. Advantages of FDM
(4)Ease of material change: Build materials, supplied in spool form
(or cartridge form in the case of the Dimension or Prodigy Plus), are
easy to handle and can be changed readily when the materials in the
system are running low. This keeps the operation of the machine
simple and the maintenance relatively easy.
• Restricted accuracy
• Slow process
• Unpredictable shrinkage
Disadvantages of FDM
26. APPLICATION OF FDM
• FDM can be used in following general application:
(1) Models for conceptualization and presentation. Models
can be marked, sanded, painted and drilled and thus can be
finished to be almost like the actual product.
(2) Prototypes for design, analysis and functional testing. The
system can produce a fully functional prototype in ABS. The
resulting ABS parts have 85% of the strength of the actual
molded part. Thus actual testing can be carried out, especially
with consumer products.
(3) Patterns and masters for tooling. Models can be used as
patterns for investment casting, sand casting and molding.