The document discusses Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM), a type of solid rapid prototyping that uses lasers to create 3D models from layered materials. The LOM process involves adding and subtracting layers of material such as paper or plastic to build a part. Each thin layer is cut to shape using a CO2 laser before the next layer is added. LOM can produce models and prototypes quickly and cheaply from a variety of materials and is used to make scaled models, patterns for casting, and 3D printed objects for home use. However, LOM also has disadvantages like using unstable paper and producing smoke during cutting.

1. LAMINATED OBJECT
MANUFACTURING
SUBMITTED TO:
Pr. Praveen Singh
SUBMITTED BY :
ANKIT RAGHUWANSHI
MECHANICAL A
3rd YEAR
ENR. NO. 0901ME131015
MADHAV INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
AND SCIENCE GWALIOR

2. WHAT IS LAMINATED OBJECT
MANUFACTURING?
1.It is type of solid rapid
prototyping used to
create low cost 3D
model using lasers

4. LOM EQUIPMENT AND PROCESS

7. The laminated objects manufacturing
1. Hybrid process which involves
adding and subtracting material to
create a part
2. Feed spindle supplies the material
and a Take-up spindle controls the
excess.
3. Layers the material with thickness
ranges from 0.001 – 0.005 inches
4. Each layer is cut with a CO2 laser

8. MATERIALS
The most common materials used in LOM are
thermoplastics such as PVC; Paper (.002-.02inch);
Composites (Ferrous metals; Non-ferrous metals;
Ceramics)

9. Material is usually a paper sheet laminated with
adhesive on one side, but plastic and metal
laminates are appearing.
1. Layer fabrication starts with sheet being adhered
to substrate with the heated roller.
2. The laser then traces out the outline of the layer.
3. Non-part areas are cross-hatched to facilitate
removal of waste material.
4. Once the laser cutting is complete, the platform
moves down and out of the way so that fresh
sheet material can be rolled into position.
5. Once new material is in position, the platform
moves back up to one layer below its previous
position.
6. The process can now be repeated.
Basic Process

10. LOM PARTS
FINAL JOINING
CONTOUR GENERATION
SET OF LAYER
SLICE
3D MODEL

11. What gets made?
LOM is used primarily for creating scaled models
and conceptual prototypes that can be tested for
form or design. It can also be used to make
patterns for use in traditional manufacturing, such
as sand molded casting, a metal casting process
and for Investment casting patterns ,direct use

12. OBJECT MADE BY LOM

14. LOM layers of plastic or paper are fused or
laminated together using heat and pressure
and then cut into the desired shape using
computer.
3 D PRINTING USING LOM

15. LOM at home
Printers use this technology to generate
3d image

16. • Ability to produce larger-scaled models
• Uses very inexpensive paper
• Fast and accurate
• Good handling strength
• Environmentally friendly
• Not health threatening
• Precision claimed to be ±0.005 in.
• Variety of material can be used such as paper ,
plastics , composites and ceramics

17. DISADVANTAGES
• Paper is cheap but is not very stable.
• Need decubing which requires a lot of labour
• Produce smoke or fumes
• Fire hazard
• Not ideal for making complex geometries .
• It is not used to create functional prototypes.