This document provides guidance on assessing and treating infants, children, and adolescents in emergency situations. It covers developmental considerations, common illnesses and injuries, approaches to examination, and special needs. Infants and young children may be distressed by separation from parents and physical contact. Examinations should proceed from head to toe to reduce anxiety. Respiratory assessments and airway management require modified techniques due to pediatric anatomy. Trauma patterns differ from adults and internal injuries can be occult.