In imaging science, image processing is processing of images using mathematical operations by using any form of signal processing for which the input is an image, a series of images, or a video, such as a photograph or video frame; the output of image processing may be either an image or a set of characteristics or parameters related to the image. Most image-processing techniques involve treating the image as a two-dimensional signal and applying standard signal-processing techniques to it. Images are also processed as three-dimensional signals where the third-dimension being time or the z-axis.
Image processing usually refers to digital image processing, but optical and analog image processing also are possible. This article is about general techniques that apply to all of them. The acquisition of images (producing the input image in the first place) is referred to as imaging.
Closely related to image processing are computer graphics and computer vision. In computer graphics, images are manually made from physical models of objects, environments, and lighting, instead of being acquired (via imaging devices such as cameras) from natural scenes, as in most animated movies. Computer vision, on the other hand, is often considered high-level image processing out of which a machine/computer/software intends to decipher the physical contents of an image or a sequence of images (e.g., videos or 3D full-body magnetic resonance scans).
In modern sciences and technologies, images also gain much broader scopes due to the ever growing importance of scientific visualization (of often large-scale complex scientific/experimental data). Examples include microarray data in genetic research, or real-time multi-asset portfolio trading in finance.
In imaging science, image processing is processing of images using mathematical operations by using any form of signal processing for which the input is an image, a series of images, or a video, such as a photograph or video frame; the output of image processing may be either an image or a set of characteristics or parameters related to the image. Most image-processing techniques involve treating the image as a two-dimensional signal and applying standard signal-processing techniques to it. Images are also processed as three-dimensional signals where the third-dimension being time or the z-axis.
Image processing usually refers to digital image processing, but optical and analog image processing also are possible. This article is about general techniques that apply to all of them. The acquisition of images (producing the input image in the first place) is referred to as imaging.
Closely related to image processing are computer graphics and computer vision. In computer graphics, images are manually made from physical models of objects, environments, and lighting, instead of being acquired (via imaging devices such as cameras) from natural scenes, as in most animated movies. Computer vision, on the other hand, is often considered high-level image processing out of which a machine/computer/software intends to decipher the physical contents of an image or a sequence of images (e.g., videos or 3D full-body magnetic resonance scans).
In modern sciences and technologies, images also gain much broader scopes due to the ever growing importance of scientific visualization (of often large-scale complex scientific/experimental data). Examples include microarray data in genetic research, or real-time multi-asset portfolio trading in finance.
This tutorial tries to define and describe the concept of Auto and Cross Correlation and how to calculate the coefficients. The procedure for finding the auto and cross correlation coefficients are described with examples.
By reading this you can enhance your knowledge about Data Communication Network and Redundancy check used for it for error detection. It only Detect the error and discard it from the sequence given in that codes.
Hello!
Digital Logic Design is one of the fundamental subject of Engineering. It is necessary to understand it in a better way.
In the presentation, I have discussed the basics of logic gates,
I hope, this lecture will be beneficial for new beginners.
In this we discuss about DATA RATE LIMITS
Two theoretical formulas were developed to calculate the data rate:
Nyquist bit rate for a noiseless channel
BitRate = 2 * bandwidth * log 2 L
2: Shannon Capacity for a noisy channel
Capacity = bandwidth * log 2 (1 + SNR)
...............
PERFORMANCE (Network PERFORMANCE) :
Bandwidth: ( Bandwidth in Hertz and Bandwidth in Bits per Seconds) :
Throughput:
These above topics covered in this slide
Thanks You!
All about the differential pulse code modulation and adaptive pulse code modulation which is one the classification of pulse code modulation(digital communications).
This tutorial tries to define and describe the concept of Auto and Cross Correlation and how to calculate the coefficients. The procedure for finding the auto and cross correlation coefficients are described with examples.
By reading this you can enhance your knowledge about Data Communication Network and Redundancy check used for it for error detection. It only Detect the error and discard it from the sequence given in that codes.
Hello!
Digital Logic Design is one of the fundamental subject of Engineering. It is necessary to understand it in a better way.
In the presentation, I have discussed the basics of logic gates,
I hope, this lecture will be beneficial for new beginners.
In this we discuss about DATA RATE LIMITS
Two theoretical formulas were developed to calculate the data rate:
Nyquist bit rate for a noiseless channel
BitRate = 2 * bandwidth * log 2 L
2: Shannon Capacity for a noisy channel
Capacity = bandwidth * log 2 (1 + SNR)
...............
PERFORMANCE (Network PERFORMANCE) :
Bandwidth: ( Bandwidth in Hertz and Bandwidth in Bits per Seconds) :
Throughput:
These above topics covered in this slide
Thanks You!
All about the differential pulse code modulation and adaptive pulse code modulation which is one the classification of pulse code modulation(digital communications).
to transfer data in network from one device to another with acceptable accuracy, so the system must guarantee the transmitted data should be identical to received data.
there should be no errors if any error occurs in how many ways it can be detected and corrected
Cyclic Redundancy Codes (CRCs) provide a first line of defense against data corruption in many networks. Unfortunately, many commonly used CRC polynomials provide significantly less error detection capability than they might. An exhaustive exploration reveals that most previously published CRC polynomials are either inferior to alternatives or are only good choices for particular message lengths.
Similar to 12 ipt 0301: Characteristics of a Communication System (20)
Overview of sub-topic 1.1 of the HSC IPT course. Covers the system development cycle, project plans, Gantt charts, communication skills and key personnel
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2. • There are five main parts of any
communication system:
• a data source
• a transmitter for encoding
• a transmission medium
• a receiver for decoding
• a data destination
• When a message is sent it goes through
three levels of being: application,
control and transmission
• Protocols are sets of rules that outline
the transfer of data between computers
3. • Handshaking is an agreement between
computers as to which protocols to use
• The speed of transmission is
determined by the bandwidth.
• Bandwidth is the capacity of a
transmission medium.
• The speed of transfer can be measured
in baud rate or bits per second (bps)
• Baud rate is the number of electrical
signals that can be transmitted in a
second, while bps is how many bits can
be transmitted.
4. • One signal can contain multiple bits so
bps can be greater than the baud rate
• When data arrives at its destination it
may contain errors so there needs to be
ways of detecting these errors.
• Three common error checking methods
are:
• parity checking
• checksum
• cyclic redundancy check (CRC)
5. • Parity checking involves adding an
extra bit to a data packet that makes
the total number of 0’s odd or even.
• In even parity checking the total
number of 0’s, including the parity bit,
must be even; in odd parity it must be
odd.
• E.g. 1000111 is sent. If we are using
even parity a 0 is added, if we are using
odd a 1 is added.
6. • Practice: what would be the result if the
data packet 1100110 is sent with even
parity?
• Answer: 11001100
• Practice 2: what would be the resulting
transmission if 1100010 was sent with
odd parity?
• Answer 2: 11000100
• This simplistic method only works for an
odd number of errors; an even number
of errors cancel each other out.
7. • Checksum is a method of error
checking that counts the number of bits
in a data packet.
• The count is attached to the data
packet and then the packet is counted
at the receiving end and if the two
counts match then the message is
accepted.
• This method is about 90% effective.
8. • Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is the
method of checking using a division
process.
• The data is divided using a fixed
number and the remainder is attached
and sent with the data.
• The same calculation is carried out at
the receiving computer and the two
remainders compared.
• If the two remainders do not match then
an error has occurred.
9. • CRC achieves 99.99% detection of
errors.
• There are several communication
settings that are agreed upon during
handshaking.
• These include:
• bits per second
• data bits
• parity
• stop/start bits
• flow control
10. • Bps is the speed of transmission.
• Data bits are the number of bits sent in
a data packet (usually 7 or 8 bits).
• Parity is whether the data contains a
parity bit for error checking.
• Stop and start bits are used in
asynchronous transmission to identify
each byte.
• Flow control is the type of software
handshaking protocol used.
[Complete L.A.’s 1-4, p.80]
