1-1: What is Science?
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This document provides an overview of chapter 1 from a biology textbook. It introduces key concepts of the scientific method including making observations, forming hypotheses, testing ideas by collecting data, making inferences, and communicating results. It discusses that the goal of science is to understand the natural world through systematic study. Scientific ideas must be open to revision and withstand testing over time. Science deals only with the natural world and aims to propose explanations that can be empirically tested.
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Inference: Based on the observations, I infer these tracks were made by a dog or wolf.
Set 2:
Observations:
1. There are 3 long toe prints in each track.
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Inference: Based on the observations, I infer these tracks were
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Science is knowledge through observation and experimentation. It is facts of principles gained by systematic study. In order to participate in doing science, we must adhere to a "philosophy of science:" There is order to the universe, humans are able to comprehend this order, and scientists should be able to repeat experiments. There are two major kinds of science - empirical science and forensic science. However, science can't answer a lot of questions, and scientists often make mistakes.
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There are several reasons why new scientific theories face resistance and take time to be accepted. First, existing theories are well established and new theories challenge existing beliefs and research. Additionally, scientists rely on testing and verifying each other's work, so new theories require substantial evidence through repeated experimentation before being widely accepted. A classic example is Darwin's theory of evolution, which took decades to be accepted by the scientific community despite providing compelling evidence. For a theory to be accepted, it must present sufficient evidence and explanatory power to overcome the resistance from the established paradigm and community of scientists.
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1-1: What is Science?
- 1. UNIT 1: THE NATURE OF LIFE CHAPTER 1: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY Ms. Petrucci Biology
- 2. Chapter 1: The Science of Biology Vocabulary Section 1-1: What is Science? • Science • Observation • Data • Inference • Hypothesis
- 3. 1-1 What is Science?
- 4. Tell whether the following statements are scientific: • Why it rains: • It rains because the clouds are crying. • Enough water vapor must be available to a cloud for precipitation to form. • Where Babies come from: • Fertilization can occur outside of an organism. • Storks bring babies to the new parents. • The sun: • The sun is a really big bonfire. • You can walk on the sun in the winter because it is not as hot.
- 5. The Goal of Science • The goal of science is to understand the natural world. To achieve this goal, scientists make certain assumptions. They assume that: • Nature can be understood through systematic study. • Scientific ideas are open to revision. • Sound scientific ideas withstand the test of time. • Science cannot provide answers to all questions.
- 6. The Goals of Science 1. Science deals only with the natural world The supernatural is outside of the realm of science
- 7. The Goals of Science 2. Collect and Organize Information
- 8. The Goals of Science 3. Propose explanations that can be tested
- 9. The Scientific Method • There are basic methods of gaining knowledge that are common to all of science. At the heart of science is the scientific investigation, which is done by following the scientific method. A scientific investigation is a plan for asking questions and testing possible answers. It generally follows the steps listed in the figure:
- 10. Science Begins with OBSERVATIONS • How good are your Observing Skills?
- 11. Think Like a Scientist… • Make Observations • Ask a Question • Form a Possible Answer (Hypothesis) • Test the Idea and Collect Data (from the observations) • Make an Inference/Draw Conclusions • Communicate the Results Quantitative vs Qualitative
- 12. Explaining and Interpreting Evidence • How Scientists develop a Hypothesis • Use prior knowledge • Make a logical inference • Informed, creative imagination • Accept or reject? (Support or Refute) • Evaluating experimental results • Gathering more data
- 13. Hypothesis or Not? • Our universe is surrounded by another, larger universe, with which we can have absolutely no contact. • Any two objects dropped from the same height above the surface of the earth will hit the ground at the same time, as long as air resistance is not a factor. • Occam’s Razor
- 14. Science as a Way of Knowing • Science is an ongoing process • Scientific understanding is ever-changing
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