1) Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and some other organisms use sunlight to produce food from carbon dioxide and water. 2) Autotrophs, like plants, can produce their own food using sunlight, while heterotrophs cannot produce their own food and must consume other organisms. 3) ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the main energy carrier in cells and is constantly being used and remade. ATP stores energy by bonding two phosphate groups to ADP, and releases energy when a phosphate group is removed, powering cellular reactions.

1. Unit 3: Cells
Chapter 8:
Photosynthesis
Ms. Petrucci
Biology

2. PhotosynthesiPhotosynthesi
ss
8-1 Energy & Life

3. Energy and LifeEnergy and Life

4. AutotrophsAutotrophs
Plants andPlants and
some othersome other
types oftypes of
organismsorganisms
that containthat contain
chlorophyllchlorophyll
are able toare able to
useuse lightlight
energy fromenergy from
the sunthe sun toto
produce food.produce food.

5. AutotrophsAutotrophs
• AutotrophsAutotrophs
includeinclude
organismsorganisms
that makethat make
their owntheir own
foodfood
• AutotrophsAutotrophs
can use thecan use the
sunsun’s energy’s energy
EuglenaEuglena

6. HeterotrophsHeterotrophs
• HeterotrophsHeterotrophs
are organismsare organisms
that can NOTthat can NOT
make their ownmake their own
foodfood
• HeterotrophsHeterotrophs
can NOTcan NOT
directly usedirectly use
the sunthe sun’s’s
energyenergy

7. EnergyEnergy
• Energy Takes ManyEnergy Takes Many
Forms such asForms such as light,light,
heat, electrical,heat, electrical,
chemical, mechanicalchemical, mechanical
• Energy can be changedEnergy can be changed
fromfrom one form toone form to
anotheranother
• Energy can be stored inEnergy can be stored in
chemical bonds & thenchemical bonds & then
released laterreleased later Candles release energy asCandles release energy as
HEAT & LIGHTHEAT & LIGHT

8. ATP – CellularATP – Cellular
EnergyEnergy
• Adenosine TriphosphateAdenosine Triphosphate
• Contains two, high-energy phosphateContains two, high-energy phosphate
bondsbonds
• Also contains the nitrogen base adenineAlso contains the nitrogen base adenine
& a ribose sugar& a ribose sugar

9. ADPADP
• Adenosine DiphosphateAdenosine Diphosphate
• ATP releasesATP releases energyenergy, a, a freefree
phosphate,phosphate, && ADPADP when cells takewhen cells take
energy from ATPenergy from ATP
One phosphate bond has been removed

10. 10
Sugar in ADP & ATPSugar in ADP & ATP
• Called ribose
• Pentose
sugar
• Also found
on RNA

11. Importance of ATPImportance of ATP
Principal
Compoun
d Used To
Store
Energy In
Living
Organism
s

12. Storing Energy
• When a cell has energy available, it can store small
amounts of it by adding a phosphate group to ADP
molecules, producing ATP.

13. Releasing Energy FromReleasing Energy From
ATPATP
• ATP is constantly beingATP is constantly being used andused and
remade by cellsremade by cells
• ATP provides all of the energy forATP provides all of the energy for
cell activitiescell activities
• The high energy phosphate bondsThe high energy phosphate bonds
can becan be BROKENBROKEN toto releaserelease
energyenergy
• The process of releasing ATPThe process of releasing ATP ’s’s
energy & reforming the moleculeenergy & reforming the molecule
is called phosphorylation

14. Releasing Energy From ATPReleasing Energy From ATP
• AddingAdding A PhosphateA Phosphate
Group To ADP storesGroup To ADP stores
Energy in ATPEnergy in ATP
• RemovingRemoving A PhosphateA Phosphate
Group From ATPGroup From ATP
Releases Energy &Releases Energy &
forms ADPforms ADP
• The characteristics ofThe characteristics of
ATP make itATP make it
exceptionally useful asexceptionally useful as
the basic energy sourcethe basic energy source
Lose
Gain

15. Cells Using BiochemicalCells Using Biochemical
EnergyEnergy
Cells Use ATP For:
• Active transport
• Movement
• Photosynthesis
• Protein Synthesis
• Cellular
respiration
• All other cellular
reactions

16. More on ATPMore on ATP
• Cells Have Enough ATP ToCells Have Enough ATP To
Last For ALast For A Few SecondsFew Seconds
• ATP mustATP must constantlyconstantly bebe
mademade
• ATPATP Transfers Energy VeryTransfers Energy Very
WellWell
• ATP IsATP Is NOTNOT Good At EnergyGood At Energy
StorageStorage

17. GlucoseGlucose
• Glucose is aGlucose is a
monosaccharidemonosaccharide
• CC66 HH1212 OO66
• One Molecule ofOne Molecule of
glucose Storesglucose Stores 9090
TimesTimes More ChemicalMore Chemical
Energy Than OneEnergy Than One
Molecule of ATP