This document outlines the key learning outcomes of a chapter on biotechnology. The learning outcomes cover describing biotechnology and its product domains, examples of careers in biotechnology and their responsibilities, the process of producing and delivering products using recombinant DNA technology, how scientific methodologies are applied in biotechnology experiments and product development, and applying strategies to bioethical issues.

1. What is
Biotechnology?
Chapter 1

2. Learning Outcomes

3. Learning Outcomes

Describe the science of biotechnology and identify
its product domains

4. Learning Outcomes

Describe the science of biotechnology and identify
its product domains

Give examples of careers and job responsibilities
associated with biotechnology

5. Learning Outcomes

Describe the science of biotechnology and identify
its product domains

Give examples of careers and job responsibilities
associated with biotechnology

Outline the steps in producing and delivering a
product made through recombinant DNA technology

6. Learning Outcomes

Describe the science of biotechnology and identify
its product domains

Give examples of careers and job responsibilities
associated with biotechnology

Outline the steps in producing and delivering a
product made through recombinant DNA technology

Describe how scientific methodologies are used to
conduct experiments and develop products

7. Learning Outcomes

Describe the science of biotechnology and identify
its product domains

Give examples of careers and job responsibilities
associated with biotechnology

Outline the steps in producing and delivering a
product made through recombinant DNA technology

Describe how scientific methodologies are used to
conduct experiments and develop products

Apply the strategy for values clarification to
bioethical issues

8. 1.1 Defining Biotechnology
Biotechnology is defined as the study and
manipulation of living things or their
component molecules, cells, tissues, or
organs.

9. Biotechnology Workers and the
Biotechnology Workplace

10. Biotechnology Workers and the
Biotechnology Workplace
• Biotechnology Companies - goal is to produce
and sell commercial “for-profit” products

11. Biotechnology Workers and the
Biotechnology Workplace
• Biotechnology Companies - goal is to produce
and sell commercial “for-profit” products
• Universities and Government Labs - conduct
“pure science” research, nonprofit

12. Biotechnology Workers and the
Biotechnology Workplace
• Biotechnology Companies - goal is to produce
and sell commercial “for-profit” products
• Universities and Government Labs - conduct
“pure science” research, nonprofit
• Growth in the Biotechnology Industry

13. 5

14. 1.2 The Increasing Variety of
Biotechnology Products
Bioengineered Products
As the methods of manipulating living things
have become more sophisticated, the
number and variety of biological products
have increased at an incredible rate.

15. Genetically modified organisms – organisms that
contain DNA from another organism and produce new
proteins encoded on the acquired DNA
Gene Engineered Plant. The organism that gets the new genes will then
have the potential to express the new traits coded in the newly acquired genes.

16. Producing Genetically
Engineered t-PA.
Humans make only a small
amount of human tissue
plasminogen activator (t-PA)
naturally.
By genetically modifying
Chinese hamster ovary
(CHO) cells, scientists can
make large amounts of t-PA
for therapeutic purposes,
such as to clear blood
vessels in the event of a
heart attack or stroke.

18. Vocabulary

19. Vocabulary
• DNA – abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid, a double-stranded
helical molecule that stores genetic information for the
production of all of an organism’s proteins

20. Vocabulary
• DNA – abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid, a double-stranded
helical molecule that stores genetic information for the
production of all of an organism’s proteins
• Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology – cutting and
recombining DNA molecules

21. Vocabulary
• DNA – abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid, a double-stranded
helical molecule that stores genetic information for the
production of all of an organism’s proteins
• Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology – cutting and
recombining DNA molecules
• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) – a technique that involves
copying short pieces of DNA and then making millions of copies
in a short time

22. Vocabulary
• DNA – abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid, a double-stranded
helical molecule that stores genetic information for the
production of all of an organism’s proteins
• Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology – cutting and
recombining DNA molecules
• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) – a technique that involves
copying short pieces of DNA and then making millions of copies
in a short time
• Cloning – method of asexual reproduction that produces
identical organisms

23. Vocabulary
• DNA – abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid, a double-stranded
helical molecule that stores genetic information for the
production of all of an organism’s proteins
• Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology – cutting and
recombining DNA molecules
• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) – a technique that involves
copying short pieces of DNA and then making millions of copies
in a short time
• Cloning – method of asexual reproduction that produces
identical organisms
• Fermentation – a process by which, in an oxygen-deprived
environment, a cell converts sugar into lactic acid or ethanol to
create energy

24. Vocabulary
• DNA – abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid, a double-stranded
helical molecule that stores genetic information for the
production of all of an organism’s proteins
• Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology – cutting and
recombining DNA molecules
• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) – a technique that involves
copying short pieces of DNA and then making millions of copies
in a short time
• Cloning – method of asexual reproduction that produces
identical organisms
• Fermentation – a process by which, in an oxygen-deprived
environment, a cell converts sugar into lactic acid or ethanol to
create energy
• Proteases – proteins whose function is to break down other
proteins

25. Vocabulary
• DNA – abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid, a double-stranded
helical molecule that stores genetic information for the
production of all of an organism’s proteins
• Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology – cutting and
recombining DNA molecules
• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) – a technique that involves
copying short pieces of DNA and then making millions of copies
in a short time
• Cloning – method of asexual reproduction that produces
identical organisms
• Fermentation – a process by which, in an oxygen-deprived
environment, a cell converts sugar into lactic acid or ethanol to
create energy
• Proteases – proteins whose function is to break down other
proteins
• Antibodies – proteins developed by the immune system that
recognize specific molecules (antigens)

26. Vocabulary
• DNA – abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid, a double-stranded
helical molecule that stores genetic information for the
production of all of an organism’s proteins
• Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology – cutting and
recombining DNA molecules
• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) – a technique that involves
copying short pieces of DNA and then making millions of copies
in a short time
• Cloning – method of asexual reproduction that produces
identical organisms
• Fermentation – a process by which, in an oxygen-deprived
environment, a cell converts sugar into lactic acid or ethanol to
create energy
• Proteases – proteins whose function is to break down other
proteins
• Antibodies – proteins developed by the immune system that
recognize specific molecules (antigens)
• Pharmaceutical – relating to drugs developed for medical use

27. Vocabulary
Vocabulary

28. Vocabulary
• Antibiotics – molecular agents derived from fungi and/
or bacteria that impede the growth and survival of some
Vocabulary
other microorganisms (bacteria killers).

29. Vocabulary
• Antibiotics – molecular agents derived from fungi and/
or bacteria that impede the growth and survival of some
Vocabulary
other microorganisms (bacteria killers).
• Restriction enzyme – enzyme that cuts DNA at a
specific nucleotide sequence

30. Vocabulary
• Antibiotics – molecular agents derived from fungi and/
or bacteria that impede the growth and survival of some
Vocabulary
other microorganisms (bacteria killers).
• Restriction enzyme – enzyme that cuts DNA at a
specific nucleotide sequence
• DNA ligase – an enzyme that binds together
disconnected strands of a DNA molecule

31. Vocabulary
• Antibiotics – molecular agents derived from fungi and/
or bacteria that impede the growth and survival of some
Vocabulary
other microorganisms (bacteria killers).
• Restriction enzyme – enzyme that cuts DNA at a
specific nucleotide sequence
• DNA ligase – an enzyme that binds together
disconnected strands of a DNA molecule
• Recombinant DNA – DNA created by combining DNA
from two or more sources

32. Vocabulary
• Antibiotics – molecular agents derived from fungi and/
or bacteria that impede the growth and survival of some
Vocabulary
other microorganisms (bacteria killers).
• Restriction enzyme – enzyme that cuts DNA at a
specific nucleotide sequence
• DNA ligase – an enzyme that binds together
disconnected strands of a DNA molecule
• Recombinant DNA – DNA created by combining DNA
from two or more sources
• Genetically modified organisms – organisms that
contain DNA from another organism and produce new
proteins encoded on the acquired DNA

33. Vocabulary
• Antibiotics – molecular agents derived from fungi and/
or bacteria that impede the growth and survival of some
Vocabulary
other microorganisms (bacteria killers).
• Restriction enzyme – enzyme that cuts DNA at a
specific nucleotide sequence
• DNA ligase – an enzyme that binds together
disconnected strands of a DNA molecule
• Recombinant DNA – DNA created by combining DNA
from two or more sources
• Genetically modified organisms – organisms that
contain DNA from another organism and produce new
proteins encoded on the acquired DNA
• E. coli – a rod-shaped bacterium native to the intestines
of mammals; commonly used in genetics and
biotechnology

35. The Human Genome Project

36. The Human Genome Project
• Determining the human DNA sequence

37. The Human Genome Project
• Determining the human DNA sequence
• Understanding the function of the
human genetic code

38. The Human Genome Project
• Determining the human DNA sequence
• Understanding the function of the
human genetic code
• Identifying all of the genes

39. The Human Genome Project
• Determining the human DNA sequence
• Understanding the function of the
human genetic code
• Identifying all of the genes
• Determining their functions

40. The Human Genome Project
• Determining the human DNA sequence
• Understanding the function of the
human genetic code
• Identifying all of the genes
• Determining their functions
• Understanding how and when genes are
turned on and off throughout the
lifetime of an individual

41. 1.3 How Companies Select Products to
Manufacture

42. 1.3 How Companies Select Products to
Manufacture
Each biotechnology company usually specializes in a
group of similar products

43. 1.3 How Companies Select Products to
Manufacture
Each biotechnology company usually specializes in a
group of similar products
• Plant products

44. 1.3 How Companies Select Products to
Manufacture
Each biotechnology company usually specializes in a
group of similar products
• Plant products
• Fermentation equipment

45. 1.3 How Companies Select Products to
Manufacture
Each biotechnology company usually specializes in a
group of similar products
• Plant products
• Fermentation equipment
• Viral therapies

46. 1.3 How Companies Select Products to
Manufacture
Each biotechnology company usually specializes in a
group of similar products
• Plant products
• Fermentation equipment
• Viral therapies
• DNA sequencers for research

47. 1.3 How Companies Select Products to
Manufacture
Each biotechnology company usually specializes in a
group of similar products
• Plant products
• Fermentation equipment
• Viral therapies
• DNA sequencers for research
• Enzymes for food processing

48. 1.3 How Companies Select Products to
Manufacture
Developing Ideas for New Products

49. 1.3 How Companies Select Products to
Manufacture
Developing Ideas for New Products
Ideas come from many sources:

50. 1.3 How Companies Select Products to
Manufacture
Developing Ideas for New Products
Ideas come from many sources:
• Discussions lead to new ideas

51. 1.3 How Companies Select Products to
Manufacture
Developing Ideas for New Products
Ideas come from many sources:
• Discussions lead to new ideas
• Reading literature reviews can lead to new
ideas

52. 1.3 How Companies Select Products to
Manufacture
Developing Ideas for New Products
Ideas come from many sources:
• Discussions lead to new ideas
• Reading literature reviews can lead to new
ideas
• Sometimes even daydreaming can lead to
new ideas

53. A Product Development Plan
Before going into research and development, company
officials must determine whether or not it is worth the
investment of company resources.

54. A Product Development Plan
Before going into research and development, company
officials must determine whether or not it is worth the
investment of company resources.
Product Development Plan usually includes the following criteria:

55. A Product Development Plan
Before going into research and development, company
officials must determine whether or not it is worth the
investment of company resources.
Product Development Plan usually includes the following criteria:
• Does the product meet a critical need? Who will use the product?

56. A Product Development Plan
Before going into research and development, company
officials must determine whether or not it is worth the
investment of company resources.
Product Development Plan usually includes the following criteria:
• Does the product meet a critical need? Who will use the product?
• Is the market large enough to produce enough sales? How many
customers are there?

57. A Product Development Plan
Before going into research and development, company
officials must determine whether or not it is worth the
investment of company resources.
Product Development Plan usually includes the following criteria:
• Does the product meet a critical need? Who will use the product?
• Is the market large enough to produce enough sales? How many
customers are there?
• Do preliminary data support that the product will work? Will the
product do what the company claims?

58. A Product Development Plan
Before going into research and development, company
officials must determine whether or not it is worth the
investment of company resources.
Product Development Plan usually includes the following criteria:
• Does the product meet a critical need? Who will use the product?
• Is the market large enough to produce enough sales? How many
customers are there?
• Do preliminary data support that the product will work? Will the
product do what the company claims?
• Can patent protection be secured? Can the company prevent
other companies from producing it?

59. A Product Development Plan
Before going into research and development, company
officials must determine whether or not it is worth the
investment of company resources.
Product Development Plan usually includes the following criteria:
• Does the product meet a critical need? Who will use the product?
• Is the market large enough to produce enough sales? How many
customers are there?
• Do preliminary data support that the product will work? Will the
product do what the company claims?
• Can patent protection be secured? Can the company prevent
other companies from producing it?
• Can the company make a profit on the product? How much will it
cost to make it? How much can it be sold for?

60. A Product Development Plan
Before going into research and development, company
officials must determine whether or not it is worth the
investment of company resources.
Product Development Plan usually includes the following criteria:
• Does the product meet a critical need? Who will use the product?
• Is the market large enough to produce enough sales? How many
customers are there?
• Do preliminary data support that the product will work? Will the
product do what the company claims?
• Can patent protection be secured? Can the company prevent
other companies from producing it?
• Can the company make a profit on the product? How much will it
cost to make it? How much can it be sold for?
Situations That End Product Development

61. A Product Development Plan
Before going into research and development, company
officials must determine whether or not it is worth the
investment of company resources.
Product Development Plan usually includes the following criteria:
• Does the product meet a critical need? Who will use the product?
• Is the market large enough to produce enough sales? How many
customers are there?
• Do preliminary data support that the product will work? Will the
product do what the company claims?
• Can patent protection be secured? Can the company prevent
other companies from producing it?
• Can the company make a profit on the product? How much will it
cost to make it? How much can it be sold for?
Situations That End Product Development
• Product development is stopped if testing shows the product is not effective.

62. A Product Development Plan
Before going into research and development, company
officials must determine whether or not it is worth the
investment of company resources.
Product Development Plan usually includes the following criteria:
• Does the product meet a critical need? Who will use the product?
• Is the market large enough to produce enough sales? How many
customers are there?
• Do preliminary data support that the product will work? Will the
product do what the company claims?
• Can patent protection be secured? Can the company prevent
other companies from producing it?
• Can the company make a profit on the product? How much will it
cost to make it? How much can it be sold for?
Situations That End Product Development
• Product development is stopped if testing shows the product is not effective.
• When this happens, companies can lose millions of dollars and years of
research and development time.

63. 

New non-pharmaceutical products must
meet EPA and USDA guidelines.
Pharmaceutical products must pass
clinical trials on human subjects (2-5
years) to receive FDA approval.
Environmental Protection Agency
US Department of Agriculture
Food and Drug Administration
17

64. Regulations Governing Product Development
New Biotech
Drug Approvals.
Even with all the
government
regulations, the
number of new
drugs approved for
market increased
nearly seven times
in the 10 years
between 1990 and
2000.

65. 19

66. Vocabulary

67. Vocabulary
• Research and development (R&D) – refers to the early stages in
product development that include discovery of the structure and
function of a potential product and initial small-scale production

68. Vocabulary
• Research and development (R&D) – refers to the early stages in
product development that include discovery of the structure and
function of a potential product and initial small-scale production
• Pure science – scientific research whose main purpose is to enrich
the scientific knowledge base

69. Vocabulary
• Research and development (R&D) – refers to the early stages in
product development that include discovery of the structure and
function of a potential product and initial small-scale production
• Pure science – scientific research whose main purpose is to enrich
the scientific knowledge base
• Virus – a particle containing a protein coat and genetic materials
(either DNA or RNA) that is not living and requires a host to
replicate

70. Vocabulary
• Research and development (R&D) – refers to the early stages in
product development that include discovery of the structure and
function of a potential product and initial small-scale production
• Pure science – scientific research whose main purpose is to enrich
the scientific knowledge base
• Virus – a particle containing a protein coat and genetic materials
(either DNA or RNA) that is not living and requires a host to
replicate
• Applied science – the practice of utilizing scientific knowledge for
practical purposes, including the manufacture of a product

71. Vocabulary
• Research and development (R&D) – refers to the early stages in
product development that include discovery of the structure and
function of a potential product and initial small-scale production
• Pure science – scientific research whose main purpose is to enrich
the scientific knowledge base
• Virus – a particle containing a protein coat and genetic materials
(either DNA or RNA) that is not living and requires a host to
replicate
• Applied science – the practice of utilizing scientific knowledge for
practical purposes, including the manufacture of a product
• NIH – abbreviation for National Institutes of Health; the federal
agency that funds and conducts biomedical research

72. Vocabulary
• Research and development (R&D) – refers to the early stages in
product development that include discovery of the structure and
function of a potential product and initial small-scale production
• Pure science – scientific research whose main purpose is to enrich
the scientific knowledge base
• Virus – a particle containing a protein coat and genetic materials
(either DNA or RNA) that is not living and requires a host to
replicate
• Applied science – the practice of utilizing scientific knowledge for
practical purposes, including the manufacture of a product
• NIH – abbreviation for National Institutes of Health; the federal
agency that funds and conducts biomedical research
• CDC – abbreviation for Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;
national research center for developing and applying disease
prevention and control, environmental health, and health promotion
and education activities to improve public health

73. Vocabulary
• Research and development (R&D) – refers to the early stages in
product development that include discovery of the structure and
function of a potential product and initial small-scale production
• Pure science – scientific research whose main purpose is to enrich
the scientific knowledge base
• Virus – a particle containing a protein coat and genetic materials
(either DNA or RNA) that is not living and requires a host to
replicate
• Applied science – the practice of utilizing scientific knowledge for
practical purposes, including the manufacture of a product
• NIH – abbreviation for National Institutes of Health; the federal
agency that funds and conducts biomedical research
• CDC – abbreviation for Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;
national research center for developing and applying disease
prevention and control, environmental health, and health promotion
and education activities to improve public health
• DNA fingerprinting – an experimental technique that is commonly
used to identify individuals by distinguishing their unique DNA code

74. Vocabulary

75. Vocabulary
• Reagent – chemical used in an experiment

76. Vocabulary
• Reagent – chemical used in an experiment
• Efficacy – the ability to yield a desired result or demonstrate that
a product does what it claims to do

77. Vocabulary
• Reagent – chemical used in an experiment
• Efficacy – the ability to yield a desired result or demonstrate that
a product does what it claims to do
• Clinical trials – a strict series of tests that evaluates the
effectiveness and safety of a medical treatment in humans

78. Vocabulary
• Reagent – chemical used in an experiment
• Efficacy – the ability to yield a desired result or demonstrate that
a product does what it claims to do
• Clinical trials – a strict series of tests that evaluates the
effectiveness and safety of a medical treatment in humans
• FDA – abbreviation for the Food and Drug Administration; the
federal agency that regulates the use and production of food, feed,
food additives, veterinary drugs, human drugs, and medical
devices

79. Vocabulary
• Reagent – chemical used in an experiment
• Efficacy – the ability to yield a desired result or demonstrate that
a product does what it claims to do
• Clinical trials – a strict series of tests that evaluates the
effectiveness and safety of a medical treatment in humans
• FDA – abbreviation for the Food and Drug Administration; the
federal agency that regulates the use and production of food, feed,
food additives, veterinary drugs, human drugs, and medical
devices
• Therapeutic – an agent that is used to treat diseases or disorders

80. Vocabulary
• Reagent – chemical used in an experiment
• Efficacy – the ability to yield a desired result or demonstrate that
a product does what it claims to do
• Clinical trials – a strict series of tests that evaluates the
effectiveness and safety of a medical treatment in humans
• FDA – abbreviation for the Food and Drug Administration; the
federal agency that regulates the use and production of food, feed,
food additives, veterinary drugs, human drugs, and medical
devices
• Therapeutic – an agent that is used to treat diseases or disorders
• EPA – abbreviation for the Environmental Protection Agency; the
federal agency that enforces environmental laws including the use
and production of microorganisms, herbicides, pesticides, and
genetically modified microorganisms

81. Vocabulary
• Reagent – chemical used in an experiment
• Efficacy – the ability to yield a desired result or demonstrate that
a product does what it claims to do
• Clinical trials – a strict series of tests that evaluates the
effectiveness and safety of a medical treatment in humans
• FDA – abbreviation for the Food and Drug Administration; the
federal agency that regulates the use and production of food, feed,
food additives, veterinary drugs, human drugs, and medical
devices
• Therapeutic – an agent that is used to treat diseases or disorders
• EPA – abbreviation for the Environmental Protection Agency; the
federal agency that enforces environmental laws including the use
and production of microorganisms, herbicides, pesticides, and
genetically modified microorganisms
• USDA – abbreviation for United States Department of Agriculture;
the federal agency that regulates the use and production of plants,
plant products, plant tests, veterinary supplies and medications,
and genetically modified plants and animals

82. 1.4 Doing Biotechnology: Scientific
Methodology in a Research Facility
Conducting an Experiment Using Scientific Methodologies

83. 1.4 Doing Biotechnology: Scientific
Methodology in a Research Facility
Conducting an Experiment Using Scientific Methodologies
1. State a testable scientific question or problem based
on some information or observation.

84. 1.4 Doing Biotechnology: Scientific
Methodology in a Research Facility
Conducting an Experiment Using Scientific Methodologies
1. State a testable scientific question or problem based
on some information or observation.
2. Develop a testable hypothesis.

85. 1.4 Doing Biotechnology: Scientific
Methodology in a Research Facility
Conducting an Experiment Using Scientific Methodologies
1. State a testable scientific question or problem based
on some information or observation.
2. Develop a testable hypothesis.
3. Plan a valid experiment.

86. 1.4 Doing Biotechnology: Scientific
Methodology in a Research Facility
Conducting an Experiment Using Scientific Methodologies
1. State a testable scientific question or problem based
on some information or observation.
2. Develop a testable hypothesis.
3. Plan a valid experiment.
4. Conduct the outlined experiment and collect and
organize the data into tables, charts, graphs, or
graphics.

87. 1.4 Doing Biotechnology: Scientific
Methodology in a Research Facility
Conducting an Experiment Using Scientific Methodologies
1. State a testable scientific question or problem based
on some information or observation.
2. Develop a testable hypothesis.
3. Plan a valid experiment.
4. Conduct the outlined experiment and collect and
organize the data into tables, charts, graphs, or
graphics.
5. Formulate a conclusion based on experimental data
and error analysis.

88. Develop a testable hypothesis

89. Data Table and Graph.
Observations and
measurements are
reported in a data table.
Individual trials
(replications) as well as
averages are shown.
Numerical data are shown
in picture form using
graphs.

90. Sharing Experimental Results with the
Scientific Community
Once an experiment is complete, the
work is reported to others through:
• Publications
• Presentations
• Annual conferences

91. Vocabulary

92. Vocabulary
• Data – information gathered from experimentation

93. Vocabulary
• Data – information gathered from experimentation
• Hypothesis – an educated guess to answer scientific question;
should be testable

94. Vocabulary
• Data – information gathered from experimentation
• Hypothesis – an educated guess to answer scientific question;
should be testable
• Variable – anything that can vary in an experiment; the
independent variable is tested in an experiment to see its effect
on dependent variables

95. Vocabulary
• Data – information gathered from experimentation
• Hypothesis – an educated guess to answer scientific question;
should be testable
• Variable – anything that can vary in an experiment; the
independent variable is tested in an experiment to see its effect
on dependent variables
• Control – experimental trial added to an experiment to ensure
that the experiment was run properly; see positive control and
negative control

96. Vocabulary
• Data – information gathered from experimentation
• Hypothesis – an educated guess to answer scientific question;
should be testable
• Variable – anything that can vary in an experiment; the
independent variable is tested in an experiment to see its effect
on dependent variables
• Control – experimental trial added to an experiment to ensure
that the experiment was run properly; see positive control and
negative control
• Positive control – a group of data that will give predictable
positive results

97. Vocabulary
• Data – information gathered from experimentation
• Hypothesis – an educated guess to answer scientific question;
should be testable
• Variable – anything that can vary in an experiment; the
independent variable is tested in an experiment to see its effect
on dependent variables
• Control – experimental trial added to an experiment to ensure
that the experiment was run properly; see positive control and
negative control
• Positive control – a group of data that will give predictable
positive results
• Negative control – a group of data that will give predictable
negative results

98. Vocabulary
• Data – information gathered from experimentation
• Hypothesis – an educated guess to answer scientific question;
should be testable
• Variable – anything that can vary in an experiment; the
independent variable is tested in an experiment to see its effect
on dependent variables
• Control – experimental trial added to an experiment to ensure
that the experiment was run properly; see positive control and
negative control
• Positive control – a group of data that will give predictable
positive results
• Negative control – a group of data that will give predictable
negative results
• Concentration – the amount of a substance as a proportion of
another substance; usually how much mass in some amount of
volume

99. Vocabulary
• Data – information gathered from experimentation
• Hypothesis – an educated guess to answer scientific question;
should be testable
• Variable – anything that can vary in an experiment; the
independent variable is tested in an experiment to see its effect
on dependent variables
• Control – experimental trial added to an experiment to ensure
that the experiment was run properly; see positive control and
negative control
• Positive control – a group of data that will give predictable
positive results
• Negative control – a group of data that will give predictable
negative results
• Concentration – the amount of a substance as a proportion of
another substance; usually how much mass in some amount of
volume
• Journals – scientific periodicals or magazines in which scientists
publish their experimental work, findings, or conclusions

100. 1.5 Careers in the Biotechnology Industry

101. 1.5 Careers in the Biotechnology Industry
• One of the fastest growing commercial industries

102. 1.5 Careers in the Biotechnology Industry
• One of the fastest growing commercial industries
• Career opportunities in:

103. 1.5 Careers in the Biotechnology Industry
• One of the fastest growing commercial industries
• Career opportunities in:
• Bioscience

104. 1.5 Careers in the Biotechnology Industry
• One of the fastest growing commercial industries
• Career opportunities in:
• Bioscience
• Medical

105. 1.5 Careers in the Biotechnology Industry
• One of the fastest growing commercial industries
• Career opportunities in:
• Bioscience
• Medical
• Agricultural

106. 1.5 Careers in the Biotechnology Industry
• One of the fastest growing commercial industries
• Career opportunities in:
• Bioscience
• Medical
• Agricultural
• Environmental

107. 1.5 Careers in the Biotechnology Industry
• One of the fastest growing commercial industries
• Career opportunities in:
• Bioscience
• Medical
• Agricultural
• Environmental
• Applied chemistry

108. 1.5 Careers in the Biotechnology Industry
• One of the fastest growing commercial industries
• Career opportunities in:
• Bioscience
• Medical
• Agricultural
• Environmental
• Applied chemistry
• Physics

109. 1.5 Careers in the Biotechnology Industry
• One of the fastest growing commercial industries
• Career opportunities in:
• Bioscience
• Medical
• Agricultural
• Environmental
• Applied chemistry
• Physics
• Computer science

110. 1.5 Careers in the Biotechnology Industry
• One of the fastest growing commercial industries
• Career opportunities in:
• Bioscience
• Medical
• Agricultural
• Environmental
• Applied chemistry
• Physics
• Computer science
• Industry will be studying DNA sequence for most of
the 21st century

111. Educational
Requirements

112. Educational
Requirements
• Bachelor of Science Degree

113. Educational
Requirements
• Bachelor of Science Degree
• Biochemistry

114. Educational
Requirements
• Bachelor of Science Degree
• Biochemistry
• Molecular biology

115. Educational
Requirements
• Bachelor of Science Degree
• Biochemistry
• Molecular biology
• Genetics

116. Educational
Requirements
• Bachelor of Science Degree
• Biochemistry
• Molecular biology
• Genetics
• 2-year college degree

117. Educational
Requirements
• Bachelor of Science Degree
• Biochemistry
• Molecular biology
• Genetics
• 2-year college degree
• High school specialization

118. Educational
Requirements
• Bachelor of Science Degree
• Biochemistry
• Molecular biology
• Genetics
• 2-year college degree
• High school specialization
• More advanced degrees

119. Educational
Requirements
• Bachelor of Science Degree
• Biochemistry
• Molecular biology
• Genetics
• 2-year college degree
• High school specialization
• More advanced degrees
• Master of Science

120. Educational
Requirements
• Bachelor of Science Degree
• Biochemistry
• Molecular biology
• Genetics
• 2-year college degree
• High school specialization
• More advanced degrees
• Master of Science
• Master of Arts

121. Educational
Requirements
• Bachelor of Science Degree
• Biochemistry
• Molecular biology
• Genetics
• 2-year college degree
• High school specialization
• More advanced degrees
• Master of Science
• Master of Arts
• Doctor of Philosophy

122. Educational
Requirements
• Bachelor of Science Degree
• Biochemistry
• Molecular biology
• Genetics
• 2-year college degree
• High school specialization
• More advanced degrees
• Master of Science
• Master of Arts
• Doctor of Philosophy
• Postdoctoral research
experience

123. Educational
Requirements
• Bachelor of Science Degree
• Biochemistry
• Molecular biology
• Genetics
• 2-year college degree
• High school specialization
• More advanced degrees
• Master of Science
• Master of Arts
• Doctor of Philosophy
• Postdoctoral research
experience
Nonscientific Positions

124. Educational
Requirements
• Bachelor of Science Degree
• Biochemistry
• Molecular biology
• Genetics
• 2-year college degree
• High school specialization
• More advanced degrees
• Master of Science
• Master of Arts
• Doctor of Philosophy
• Postdoctoral research
experience
Nonscientific Positions
Employees in nonscientific positions
must have an interest in and
understanding of the science of
biotechnology.

125. Educational
Requirements
• Bachelor of Science Degree
• Biochemistry
• Molecular biology
• Genetics
• 2-year college degree
• High school specialization
• More advanced degrees
• Master of Science
• Master of Arts
• Doctor of Philosophy
• Postdoctoral research
experience
Nonscientific Positions
Employees in nonscientific positions
must have an interest in and
understanding of the science of
biotechnology.
• Sales

126. Educational
Requirements
• Bachelor of Science Degree
• Biochemistry
• Molecular biology
• Genetics
• 2-year college degree
• High school specialization
• More advanced degrees
• Master of Science
• Master of Arts
• Doctor of Philosophy
• Postdoctoral research
experience
Nonscientific Positions
Employees in nonscientific positions
must have an interest in and
understanding of the science of
biotechnology.
• Sales
• Marketing

127. Educational
Requirements
• Bachelor of Science Degree
• Biochemistry
• Molecular biology
• Genetics
• 2-year college degree
• High school specialization
• More advanced degrees
• Master of Science
• Master of Arts
• Doctor of Philosophy
• Postdoctoral research
experience
Nonscientific Positions
Employees in nonscientific positions
must have an interest in and
understanding of the science of
biotechnology.
• Sales
• Marketing
• Regulatory

128. Educational
Requirements
• Bachelor of Science Degree
• Biochemistry
• Molecular biology
• Genetics
• 2-year college degree
• High school specialization
• More advanced degrees
• Master of Science
• Master of Arts
• Doctor of Philosophy
• Postdoctoral research
experience
Nonscientific Positions
Employees in nonscientific positions
must have an interest in and
understanding of the science of
biotechnology.
•
•
•
•
Sales
Marketing
Regulatory
Legal

129. Educational
Requirements
• Bachelor of Science Degree
• Biochemistry
• Molecular biology
• Genetics
• 2-year college degree
• High school specialization
• More advanced degrees
• Master of Science
• Master of Arts
• Doctor of Philosophy
• Postdoctoral research
experience
Nonscientific Positions
Employees in nonscientific positions
must have an interest in and
understanding of the science of
biotechnology.
•
•
•
•
•
Sales
Marketing
Regulatory
Legal
Financial

130. Educational
Requirements
• Bachelor of Science Degree
• Biochemistry
• Molecular biology
• Genetics
• 2-year college degree
• High school specialization
• More advanced degrees
• Master of Science
• Master of Arts
• Doctor of Philosophy
• Postdoctoral research
experience
Nonscientific Positions
Employees in nonscientific positions
must have an interest in and
understanding of the science of
biotechnology.
•
•
•
•
•
•
Sales
Marketing
Regulatory
Legal
Financial
Human resources

131. Educational
Requirements
• Bachelor of Science Degree
• Biochemistry
• Molecular biology
• Genetics
• 2-year college degree
• High school specialization
• More advanced degrees
• Master of Science
• Master of Arts
• Doctor of Philosophy
• Postdoctoral research
experience
Nonscientific Positions
Employees in nonscientific positions
must have an interest in and
understanding of the science of
biotechnology.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Sales
Marketing
Regulatory
Legal
Financial
Human resources
Administrative staff

132. Categories of Biotechnology Jobs

133. Categories of Biotechnology Jobs
• Scientific Positions

134. Categories of Biotechnology Jobs
• Scientific Positions
• Research and Development

135. Categories of Biotechnology Jobs
• Scientific Positions
• Research and Development
• Manufacturing and Production

136. Categories of Biotechnology Jobs
• Scientific Positions
• Research and Development
• Manufacturing and Production
• Clinical Research

137. Categories of Biotechnology Jobs
• Scientific Positions
• Research and Development
• Manufacturing and Production
• Clinical Research
• Quality Control

138. Categories of Biotechnology Jobs
• Scientific Positions
• Research and Development
• Manufacturing and Production
• Clinical Research
• Quality Control
• Nonscientific Positions

139. Categories of Biotechnology Jobs
• Scientific Positions
• Research and Development
• Manufacturing and Production
• Clinical Research
• Quality Control
• Nonscientific Positions
• Information Systems

140. Categories of Biotechnology Jobs
• Scientific Positions
• Research and Development
• Manufacturing and Production
• Clinical Research
• Quality Control
• Nonscientific Positions
• Information Systems
• Marketing and Sales

141. Categories of Biotechnology Jobs
• Scientific Positions
• Research and Development
• Manufacturing and Production
• Clinical Research
• Quality Control
• Nonscientific Positions
• Information Systems
• Marketing and Sales
• Regulatory Affairs

142. Categories of Biotechnology Jobs
• Scientific Positions
• Research and Development
• Manufacturing and Production
• Clinical Research
• Quality Control
• Nonscientific Positions
• Information Systems
• Marketing and Sales
• Regulatory Affairs
• Administration/Legal Affairs

143. Vocabulary

144. Vocabulary
• Genome – one entire set of an organism’s
genetic material (from a single cell)

145. Vocabulary
• Genome – one entire set of an organism’s
genetic material (from a single cell)
• Biochemistry – the study of the chemical
reactions occurring in living things

146. Vocabulary
• Genome – one entire set of an organism’s
genetic material (from a single cell)
• Biochemistry – the study of the chemical
reactions occurring in living things
• Molecular biology – the study of
molecules that are found in cells

147. Vocabulary
• Genome – one entire set of an organism’s
genetic material (from a single cell)
• Biochemistry – the study of the chemical
reactions occurring in living things
• Molecular biology – the study of
molecules that are found in cells
• Genetics – the study of genes and how
they are inherited and expressed

148. 1.6 Biotechnology with a Conscience Bioethics

149. 1.6 Biotechnology with a Conscience Bioethics
• How do we learn what is right and wrong behavior?

150. 1.6 Biotechnology with a Conscience Bioethics
• How do we learn what is right and wrong behavior?
• As new situations arise in your life, how do you decide
what is acceptable behavior and what is unacceptable?

151. 1.6 Biotechnology with a Conscience Bioethics
• How do we learn what is right and wrong behavior?
• As new situations arise in your life, how do you decide
what is acceptable behavior and what is unacceptable?
• How do you decide what is fair and just?

152. 1.6 Biotechnology with a Conscience Bioethics
• How do we learn what is right and wrong behavior?
• As new situations arise in your life, how do you decide
what is acceptable behavior and what is unacceptable?
• How do you decide what is fair and just?
Moral Standards

153. 1.6 Biotechnology with a Conscience Bioethics
• How do we learn what is right and wrong behavior?
• As new situations arise in your life, how do you decide
what is acceptable behavior and what is unacceptable?
• How do you decide what is fair and just?
Moral Standards
• Being able to distinguish between right and wrong and to make
decisions based on that knowledge is considered “having good
morals.”

154. 1.6 Biotechnology with a Conscience Bioethics
• How do we learn what is right and wrong behavior?
• As new situations arise in your life, how do you decide
what is acceptable behavior and what is unacceptable?
• How do you decide what is fair and just?
Moral Standards
• Being able to distinguish between right and wrong and to make
decisions based on that knowledge is considered “having good
morals.”
• The study of moral standards and how they affect conduct is
called ethics.

155. 1.6 Biotechnology with a Conscience Bioethics
• How do we learn what is right and wrong behavior?
• As new situations arise in your life, how do you decide
what is acceptable behavior and what is unacceptable?
• How do you decide what is fair and just?
Moral Standards
• Being able to distinguish between right and wrong and to make
decisions based on that knowledge is considered “having good
morals.”
• The study of moral standards and how they affect conduct is
called ethics.
• New technologies generate ethical questions that cannot be
answered using scientific methods.

156. 
Define ethics

Create a code of conduct

Brainstorm bioethical issues or dilemnas
32

157. Strategy for Values Clarification

158. Strategy for Values Clarification
• Identify and understand the problem or issue. Learn as
much as possible about the issue.

159. Strategy for Values Clarification
• Identify and understand the problem or issue. Learn as
much as possible about the issue.
• List all possible solutions to the issue.

160. Strategy for Values Clarification
• Identify and understand the problem or issue. Learn as
much as possible about the issue.
• List all possible solutions to the issue.
• Identify the pros and cons of adopting each solution.
Examine the consequences of adopting one solution (or
position) as opposed to another. Consider legal, financial,
medical, personal, social, and environmental aspects.

161. Strategy for Values Clarification
• Identify and understand the problem or issue. Learn as
much as possible about the issue.
• List all possible solutions to the issue.
• Identify the pros and cons of adopting each solution.
Examine the consequences of adopting one solution (or
position) as opposed to another. Consider legal, financial,
medical, personal, social, and environmental aspects.
• Based on the pros and cons for each solution, rank all
solutions from best to worst.

162. Strategy for Values Clarification
• Identify and understand the problem or issue. Learn as
much as possible about the issue.
• List all possible solutions to the issue.
• Identify the pros and cons of adopting each solution.
Examine the consequences of adopting one solution (or
position) as opposed to another. Consider legal, financial,
medical, personal, social, and environmental aspects.
• Based on the pros and cons for each solution, rank all
solutions from best to worst.
• Decide if the problem is important enough to take a
position. If it is, decide what your position is and be
prepared to describe and defend it.

163. Questions and Comments?