The document discusses the periodic table and its development over time. It explains that Mendeleev arranged the elements in his periodic table based on increasing atomic mass and was able to predict properties of undiscovered elements. Modern periodic tables arrange elements by atomic number, with elements grouped according to metallic, nonmetallic and other properties. The location of an element in the periodic table can indicate whether it is a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid and what physical and chemical behaviors it will likely have.

1. Lecture 6.1- The Periodic Table

2. Chemists use the properties
of elements to sort them into
groups.

3. Chlorine, bromine, and iodine have
very similar chemical properties.

4. Mendeleev arranged the elements in
his periodic table in order of
increasing atomic mass.

5. Mendeleev arranged the elements in
his periodic table in order of
increasing atomic mass.
Mendeleev’s
periodic table was
used to predict
the properties of
undiscovered
elements.

6. An Early Version of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table

7. In the modern periodic table,
elements are arranged in order
of increasing atomic number.

8. The periodic law: When elements are
arranged in order of increasing atomic
number, there is a periodic repetition of
their physical and chemical properties.

9. The periodic law: When elements are
arranged in order of increasing atomic
number, there is a periodic repetition of
their physical and chemical properties.
–The properties of the elements within a
period change as you move across a
period from left to right.

10. The periodic law: When elements are
arranged in order of increasing atomic
number, there is a periodic repetition of
their physical and chemical properties.
–The properties of the elements within a
period change as you move across a
period from left to right.
–The pattern of properties within a period
repeats as you move from one period to
the next.

11. The stair-step line divides the
metals from the nonmetals.

12. Metals are to the left of the stair-step line

13. Nonmetals are to the right.

14. Any square with a side on the stair-
step line is a metalloid (semi-metal),
EXCEPT ALUMINUM.

15. Any square with a side on the stair-
step line is a metalloid (semi-metal),
EXCEPT ALUMINUM.
Across a period, the properties of elements
become less metallic and more nonmetallic.

16. Metalloids (semi-metals)

17. Metals are good conductors of
heat and electric current.

18. Metals are good conductors of
heat and electric current.
–80% of elements are metals.

19. Metals are good conductors of
heat and electric current.
–80% of elements are metals.
–Metals have a high luster, are
ductile, and are malleable.

20. Metals are good conductors of
heat and electric current.
–80% of elements are metals.
–Metals have a high luster, are
ductile, and are malleable.
–Metals tend to lose electrons.

21. Metals are good conductors of
heat and electric current.
–80% of elements are metals.
–Metals have a high luster, are
ductile, and are malleable.
–Metals tend to lose electrons.
–All metals are solids, except Hg.

22. 6.1
Uses of Iron, Copper, and Aluminum

23. 6.1
Uses of Iron, Copper, and Aluminum

24. 6.1
Uses of Iron, Copper, and Aluminum

25. In general, nonmetals are poor
conductors of heat and electric
current.

26. In general, nonmetals are poor
conductors of heat and electric
current.
–Non-metals tend to gain e-

27. In general, nonmetals are poor
conductors of heat and electric
current.
–Non-metals tend to gain e-
–Most non-metals are gases, but
some are solids or liquids.

28. In general, nonmetals are poor
conductors of heat and electric
current.
–Non-metals tend to gain e-
–Most non-metals are gases, but
some are solids or liquids.
–A few nonmetals are solids, like
sulfur, carbon, and phosphorus.
–Bromine is a dark-red liquid.

30. A metalloid has some metallic and
non-metallic properties.
•Also called semi-metals
The behavior of a metalloid can be
controlled by changing conditions.

31. If a small amount of boron is mixed with
silicon, the mixture is a good conductor of
electric current. Silicon can be cut into
wafers, and used to make computer chips.

32. The periodic table displays the symbols
and names of the elements, along with
information about the structure of their
atoms.

33. Groups are labeled 1-18 or 1A-8A

34. The Group 1 (1A) elements are
called alkali metals.
1A

35. In their elemental form alkali metals
are extremely reactive, so they are not
naturally found in elemental form.
search youtube for brainiac alkali metal to watch this video at home

36. In their elemental form alkali metals
are extremely reactive, so they are not
naturally found in elemental form.
search youtube for brainiac alkali metal to watch this video at home

37. The Group 2 (2A) elements are
called alkaline earth metals.
2A

38. The nonmetals of Group 17
(7A) are called halogens.
7A

39. The noble gases are the elements in
Group 18 (8A) of the periodic table.
8A

40. The blimp contains
helium, one of the
noble gases.

41. The Representative Elements
Elements in groups 1A through 7A are
often referred to as representative elements
because they display a wide range of
physical and chemical properties.

42. 6.2
Representative Elements

43. 6.2
Representative Elements

44. 6.2
Representative Elements

45. 6.2
Representative Elements

47. Transition metals

48. Transition metals
Inner
transition
metals