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Week 15 (The High Middle Ages)
- 1. The High Middle Ages Week 15
- 2. Overview • AD 900 – 1300 • Cluny Reforms • The Crusades • Medieval Culture • Crisis • Homework: – Chs. 9 – 11 – Discussion (12/4) – PSR #4 (12/8) St. Louis, describing the 7th Crusade
- 3. Cluny Reforms • Monastery at Cluny, 910 • Reforms – Simony – Papal Curia • Gregory VII (r. 1073 – 1085) vs. Henry IV (r. 1056 – 1106) – Lay Investiture – Interdict – Excommunication • Concordat of Worms, 1122 • Religious Revival – Sacraments – Saints & Virgin Mary – Pilgrimages
- 5. Map 10.6 p287 MAP 10.6 Pilgrimage Routes in the Middle Ages
- 6. A Crusade is Called • Religion and Reform • The Byzantine Empire – Turks • Battle of Manzikert, 1071 – Alexius I Comnenus (1056 – 1118) • East-West Schism, 1054 • Council of Clermont, 1095 – Urban II (1042 – 1099) “Urban II Preaches the 1st Crusade,” Livre des Passages d'Outre-mer, 15th C
- 7. Turkish Empires and their Neighbors, c. AD 1210
- 8. Map 10.7 p294 MAP 10.7 The Early Crusades
- 9. Why go on Crusade? • Cluny Reforms • Holy War • Knighthood – Peace of God – Truce of God • Relics • Pilgrimages – Purgatory • East-West Schism • 2nd Sons
- 10. Crusades • Timeline: – 1095, Council of Clermont – 1st Crusade – 1099, Jerusalem captured – 1145 – 1149, 2nd Crusade – 1189 – 1192, 3rd Crusade – 1202 – 1204, 4th Crusade – 1244, Jerusalem falls – 1291, Acre falls • Spain • Baltic • Albigensian Crusade
- 11. Crusader Culture • Frankish, Byzantine, Islamic • Trade • Need for support • Crusading Orders – Knights Templars – Knights Hospitallers – Teutonic Knights • People’s Crusade • Children’s Crusade, 1212 • s
- 12. p278 Settlements of the Teutonic Knights c. 1230
- 14. Feudalism • Late Roman Empire • Medieval Class – Fight – Pray – Work • How it works – Lord – Vassal – Feudal Bonds – Fief – Subinfeudation Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry, 1410
- 15. Medieval Society • Peasants – Serfs • Manorial System – Latifundia – Demesene – Tithe • Agriculture – Plow – Horse Collar – Three-field System • Nuclear Family • The Church
- 16. Map 8.3 p227 MAP 8.3 A Typical Manor
- 17. The High Middle Ages • Aristocracy – Chivalry – Tournament • Church – Church courts – Boniface VIII, Unam Sanctam, 1302 – Philip IV • Serfs • Prosperity & Trade
- 18. Boniface VIII
- 19. The High Middle Ages • Towns • Bourgeoisie • Guilds • Cathedrals – Romanesque – Gothic • Vernacular – Troubadours – Chanson de geste – Courtly Love – Song of Roland, c. 1100
- 20. Map 9.1 p248 MAP 9.1 Medieval Trade Routes
- 22. Medieval Learning • Cathedral – Schools • University • Bologna, 1088 • Liberal Arts • Scholasticism • Peter Abelard (1079 – 1142) • St. Thomas Aquinas (1225 – 1274) – Summa Theologica • Roger Bacon (1214-1292) Andrea di Buonaiuto, The Triumph of St. Thomas Aquinas, c. 1365
- 23. Map 9.2 p256 MAP 9.2 Intellectual Centers of Medieval Europe
Editor's Notes
- MAP 10.6 Pilgrimage Routes in the Middle Ages. Some Christians sought spiritual solace by traveling to pilgrimage sites. Many went to local shrines honoring the Virgin Mary, but Jerusalem, Rome, and Santiago de Compostela were the most desired locations.
- MAP 10.7 The Early Crusades. Pope Urban II launched the Crusades to recapture the Holy Land from the ‘‘enemies of God,’’ a call met with great enthusiasm in Europe. The fighters of the First Crusade massacred the inhabitants of Jerusalem and established the crusader states.
- Settlements of the Teutonic Knights c. 1230
- MAP 8.3 A Typical Manor. The manorial system created small, tightly knit communities in which peasants were economically and physically bound to their lord. Crops were rotated, with roughly onethird of the fields lying fallow at any one time, which helped replenish soil nutrients (see Chapter 9).
- MAP 9.1 Medieval Trade Routes. Italian cities and Flanders were the centers of gradually expanding trade in Europe. They fostered the exchange of goods from the Byzantine Empire and the Far East with those of various regions of Europe. The decline in the level of violence over time greatly helped trade.
- The Gothic Cathedral. The Gothic cathedral was one of the great artistic triumphs of the High Middle Ages. Shown here is the cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris. Begun in 1163, it was not completed until the beginning of the fourteenth century.
- MAP 9.2 Intellectual Centers of Medieval Europe. Products of the High Middle Ages, universities provided students with a basic liberal arts education and the opportunity to pursue further studies in law, medicine, or theology. Courses were taught in Latin, primarily by professors reading from books. There were no exams in individual courses, but students had to pass a comprehensive oral exam to gain a degree.
- University Classroom. This illustration shows a university classroom in fourteenthcentury Germany. As was customary in medieval classrooms, the master is reading from a text. The students vary considerably in age and in the amount of attention they are giving the lecturer.