2. Crusade
"If anyone would come
after me, he must deny
himself and take up his
cross and follow me. For
whoever wants to save
his life will lose it, but
whoever loses his life for
me will find it.”
-- Matthew 16:24-25
3. TERMS LIST
• East/West Schism (1054)
– Prince’s Crusade
– Vicar of Christ
– Ecumenical Patriarch
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Seljuk Turks
Alexius I
Urban II
Jerusalem
– Holy City for Three Religions
• First Crusade (1095)
– People’s Crusade
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Peter the Hermit
Infidels
Antisemitism
Usury
• Godfrey of Bullion
• Indulgence
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– Crusader Kingdoms
Pilgrim
Knights Hospitaller
Knights Templar
Second Crusade
Saladin
Third Crusade
Richard I
Fourth Crusade
– Sack of Constantinople
• Legacies of the Crusades
4. The Vicar of Christ
Peter
Popes
Current
Pope
Christ Handing the Keys to St Peter
Pietro Perugino (1481-82)
5. East/West Schism
1054 A.D.
Roman Catholic Church
Eastern Orthodox Church
Pope (Bishop of Rome)
Patriarch
of Constantinople
Western Europe
Eastern Europe
Middle East
Papal Supremacy
Papal Supremacy
Filioque
Filioque
1054 – Mutual Excommunication
8. The First Crusade
1096-1099
• Byzantine Request for
Assistance
• Pope Urban II
– Called First Crusade (1095)
• “God wills it!”
9. The First Crusade
1096-1099
• Mission:
– Capture Jerusalem
– Make it safe for pilgrims
• Urban II (Pope)
– Speech @ Council of Clermont
• Godfrey of Bouillon
– Sold Lands to raise army
• SUCCESS
• Crusader Kingdoms established
13. Pilgrims
• It’s not just about turkey.
• A pilgrim is anyone who
makes a religious journey.
– It was common for
Christians to make
pilgrimages to holy sites
during the Middle Ages.
– e.g., Canterbury Tales
16. Knights Hospitaller
Order of St. John
Power Base: Antioch
MOTTO:
TUITIO FIDEI ET OBSEQUIUM PAUPERUM
Defense of the Faith and Service to the Poor
Managed hospitals for pilgrims
Armed Escort for Pilgrims
Protectors of Holy Land
Crusades, Part 2, 12m
17. Knights Templar
Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and
of the Temple of Solomon
Power Base: Jerusalem
“Knights of the Temple”
Defended Pilgrims
Grew Wealthy
24. Hashashin
• Nizari (Shia Sect)
• “Assassins”
• Nickname applied
by Sunni enemies
Crusades video, Part 2, 42 mins
25. The Third Crusade
1189-1192
• Mission:
Recapture Jerusalem
• Richard I (the Lionheart)
– King of England
• Recaptured Acre
• Failed to recapture
Jerusalem, but Richard
defeated Saladin in battle
Compare to First Crusade Map
Third Crusade Map
26. The Fourth Crusade
1202-1204
• Mission:
– Invade Jerusalem
through Egypt
– Venetian Ships
• EPIC FAIL
• Sack of
Constantinople
28. Legacies of the Crusades
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Increased Power of Kings and the Papacy
Reopening of East/West Trade
Rise of Italian City-States
Permanent Decline of the Byzantine Empire
Strained Christian/Jewish and Christian/Muslim
relations
• Cemented East/West split of the Christian
Church