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Rome Transition Empire
- 1. Rome: Transition to Empire Week 11
- 2. Overview • 48 BC – AD 180 • Julius Caesar • The 2nd Triumvirate • Augustus • The Roman Empire • Christianity
- 3. Julius Caesar • 53 BC, Crassus dies • 49 BC, Rubicon River • 48 BC, Battle of Pharsalus • Dictator – 49 BC – For 10 years, 47 BC – For life, 44 BC • Reforms • 44 BC, Assassination – Brutus and Cassius Roman Coin, Minted by Brutus, 43-42 BC
- 5. The 2nd Triumvirate • Caesar’s supporters – Octavian (63 BC – AD 14) – Mark Antony (81 – 30 BC) – Lepidus (d. 12 BC) • Battle of Philippi, 42 BC • Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator – b. 69 BC, r. 51-30 BC – Caesarion • Battle of Actium, 31 BC
- 6. Octavian, r. 31 BC – AD 14 • Titles: – Augustus – Pontifex Maximus – Princeps – Imperator • Method of rule • Praetorian Guard • Equestrians • Imperial Cult • The Principate • Julio-Claudian Dynasty • Pax Romana – Arminius, Teutoberg Forrest, AD 9 Augustus of Prima Porta, c. 20 BC
- 8. Map 6.1 p153 MAP 6.1 The Roman Empire from Augustus Through Trajan
- 9. Ara Pacis, 9 BC
- 10. Detail of the Ara Pacis
- 11. Golden Age of Latin Literature • Patron of the Arts • Virgil (70 –19 B.C.) – The Aeneid • Livy (59 B.C. – AD 17) – The history of Rome • Ovid (43 B.C. – AD 18) – Metamorphoses Augustus as Pontifex Maximus, c. AD 12
- 12. Imperial Dynasties • Julio-Claudians, 31 BC – AD 68 – Augustus, r. 31 BC – AD 14 – Caligula, r. AD 37 – 41 – Nero, r. AD 54 – 68 • Flavians AD 69 – 96 – Vespasian • The Good Emperors, 96 – 180 – Trajan, 98 – 117 – Hadrian, 117 – 138 Triumphal Arch, Timgad, 2nd Cent AD
- 14. The Roman Army • Legionaries • Adaptability • Citizenship • Auxiliaries • Roads • Romanization Gemellus, July 7, AD 12
- 15. Trajan’s Column
- 16. Trajan’s Column, AD 113
- 17. p118 Roman Roads in Italy
- 18. The Pax Romana
- 19. Roman Cities • Roman Empire • Colonies • Armies & Veterans • Curiales • Attributes • Infrastructure • Romanization • https://youtu.be/uvPbj 9NX0zc?t=30s
- 20. Le Pont du Gard, AD 60
- 22. Forum Baths, Herculaneum, 1st C BC
- 23. The Baths of Caracalla, AD 216
- 26. Colosseum, AD 80
- 27. Imperial Rome
- 28. Judaea & Jesus • 63 BC, Pompey the Great • Jewish Divisions – Sadducees – Pharisees – Essenes – Zealots • “Messiah” • John the Baptist • Jesus of Nazareth (c. 4 BC – AD 33) – 12 Apostles – Crucifixion • Teachings – Parables – Sermon on the Mount
- 29. Religion in the Roman Empire • St. Paul (c. AD 5 – 67) • Rituals – Baptism – Agape – Eucharist • Bishops and Priests – Apostolic Succession • Roman Religion – Official Religion – Syncretism – Mystery Religions Mithras Slaying Bull, Italy, c. AD 200
- 31. Masada AD 72
- 32. The Arch of Titus, c. AD 81
- 33. Arch of Titus
- 35. Roman Troubles • The Severan Dynasty, AD 193-235 – Septimius Severus • Crisis of the 3rd Century, AD 235 – 284 • Barbarians • Emperor Valerian • Debasement of Coinage The Severan Tondo, c. AD 200, Septimius Severus and his family
- 36. 3rd Century Crisis Relief of Shapur I, AD 260, Naqsh-e Rostam, Iran The Roman Empire
Editor's Notes
- The Roman World at the End of the Republic, 44 BCE By the time of Julius Caesar’s assassination in 44 BCE, the territory that would be the Roman Empire was almost complete.
- MAP 6.1 The Roman Empire from Augustus Through Trajan (14–117). Augustus and later emperors continued the expansion of the Roman Empire, adding more resources but also increasing the tasks of administration and keeping the peace. Compare this map with Map 5.3.
- Roman Roads in Italy. The Romans built a remarkable system of roads. After laying a foundation with gravel, which allowed for drainage, the Roman builders placed flagstones, closely fitted together. Unlike other peoples who built similar kinds of roads, the Romans did not follow the contours of the land but made their roads as straight as possible to facilitate communications and transportation, especially for military purposes. Seen here is a view of the Via Appia (Appian Way), built in 312 B.C.E. under the leadership of the censor and consul Appius Claudius (Roman roads were often named after the great Roman families who encouraged their construction). The Via Appia (shown on the map) was constructed to make it easy for Roman armies to march from Rome to the newly conquered city of Capua, a distance of 152 miles.