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HIS 102 7 18th century
- 1. European States and Revolution Week 6
- 2. Overview • 1700s • Enlightened Absolutism • The Seven Years’ War • 18th Century Changes • The French Revolution The Market Square of Naples
- 3. Europe after Treaty of Utrecht (1713)
- 4. Enlightened Absolutism • Monarchs and philosophes • Science • Efficiency • Reform • Results – Public relations
- 5. Catherine the Great (r. 1762-1796) • German • Military expansion • Enlightenment Reforms – Instruction, 1767 • Pugachev’s Rebellion (1773-1775) • Potemkin Village • Loved horses
- 8. Poland
- 9. The Austrian Habsburg Empire, 1521–1772
- 10. The Habsburgs • Decline of the Holy Roman Empire • The Rule of Empress Maria Theresa (1740 – 1780) – War of Austrian Succession – Taxes – Dynasty • Joseph II (1780 – 1790) – Far-reaching reform program: abolition of serfdom; new penal code; religious toleration – Failure – Overwhelming change and alienation of the people
- 11. The British Example • Glorious Revolution (1688) – English Bill of Rights • Act of Union (1707) • Hanoverian Dynasty (1714-1901) • Parliament
- 12. The European Military Revolution • c. 1560 – 1660 • Changes – Fortifications – Technology – Nobility – Training – Size Prussian charge at the Battle of Hohenfriedberg, 1745
- 13. Krak des Chevaliers, 12th Century
- 15. The Seven Years’ War (1756-1763) • The French and Indian War • Mercantilism • The Ohio Country – Fort Necessity, 1754 – Battle of the Monongahela, 1755 • Diplomatic Revolution of 1756 – Hanover • Sides – Britain, Prussia, Portugal – France, Austria, Sweden, Russia, Spain • Battle of Rossbach, 1757 • Battle of the Plains of Abraham, 1759 • Results
- 16. The Seven Years’ War (1756-1763)
- 17. Col. George Washington, Charles Wilson Peale, 1772
- 18. Battlefields of the 7 Years’ War
- 19. MAP 18.1 Europe in 1763 Map 18.1 p533
- 20. Battle of the Plains of Abraham
- 21. 18th Century Agricultural Rev. • New crops • New farming techniques • Weather • Enclosures – Common land – More efficient farming – Who owned it? – downside • Increase in birthrate – Plague Port Meadow, Oxford
- 23. Consumer Revolution • What and Why • Commodities – Silver – Tobacco – Pelts – Sugar – Coffee and Tea • Gentry and Bourgeoisie • Wealth – Finances • Rise of the Coffeehouse
- 24. Gin Lane by William Hogarth, 1751
- 25. Prosperity & Refinement Jean-Étienne Liotard, Tea Set, 1781-3
- 26. The Western World, c. 1788 • European Balance of Power • Absolutism • Mercantilism • Enlightenment • American Revolution
- 27. The Old Order in France • Economic Crisis – Environment – Wars – Fiscal system – Ideas • Louis XVI (1754-1793, r.1774- 1792) – Marie Antoinette • Reform ministers – Necker’s Report (1781) • Estates-General, May 1789
- 28. The Calling of the Estates, May 1789 • Estates-General – 1st Estate: the Church – 2nd Estate: the Nobility – 3rd Estate: the Commoners • Debates – Cahiers de Doléances • June 17, 3rd Estate votes itself the National Assembly • June 20, Tennis Court Oath
- 29. The Tennis Court Oath by David
- 30. Oath of the Horatii by Jacques-Louis David, 1784
- 31. Storming of the Bastille, July 14, 1789 • King at first supports National Assembly, but hedges bets • Fires reform ministers • Calls up soldiers • Peasants restless in Paris and elsewhere • Bastille • Prison, symbol • Weapons • Nat’l Assembly saved
- 32. Key to the Bastille
Editor's Notes
- Pugachev’s Rebellion
- MAP 18.1 Europe in 1763. By the middle of the eighteenth century, five major powers dominated Europe—Prussia, Austria, Russia, Britain, and France. Each sought to enhance its power both domestically, through a bureaucracy that collected taxes and ran the military, and internationally, by capturing territory or preventing other powers from doing so.