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Week 13 (The HIgh Middle Ages)
- 1. The High Middle Ages Week 13
- 2. Overview • AD 1000 – 1300 • Feudalism • Medieval Culture • The Mongols • Crisis of the 14th C • Homework – Discussion, 12/4 – Final Exam, 12/6
- 3. Feudalism • Late Roman Empire • Medieval Class – Fight – Pray – Work • How it works – Lord – Vassal – Feudal Bonds – Fief – Subinfeudation Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry, 1410
- 4. Medieval Society • Peasants – Serfs • Manorial System – Latifundia – Demesene – Tithe • Agriculture – Plow – Horse Collar – Three-field System • Nuclear Family • The Church
- 6. The High Middle Ages • Aristocracy – Chivalry – Tournament • Church – Church courts – Boniface VIII, Unam Sanctam, 1302 – Philip IV • Serfs • Prosperity & Trade
- 8. The High Middle Ages • Towns • Bourgeoisie • Guilds • Cathedrals – Romanesque – Gothic • Vernacular – Troubadours – Chanson de geste – Courtly Love – Song of Roland, c. 1100
- 11. Medieval Learning • Cathedral – Schools • University – Bologna, 1088 – Liberal Arts • Scholasticism • Peter Abelard (1079 – 1142) • St. Thomas Aquinas (1225 – 1274) – Summa Theologica • Roger Bacon (1214-1292) Andrea di Buonaiuto, The Triumph of St. Thomas Aquinas, c. 1365
- 15. New Connections • The Mongols – 1206 – Temujin (c. 1155 – 1227) • Genghis/Chinggis Khan – Military advantages – Empire • Silk Road – Marco Polo (1254-1324) • Indian Ocean
- 18. Mongol Rule
- 19. Black Death/Bubonic Plague • Little Ice Age (14th – 18th Centuries) • Asian steppe • Rats and fleas • 1347, Caffa • Blame? • Peasant Revolts – 1358, Jacquerie – 1381, English Peasant Revolt/Wat Tyler Plague Victims, 1411, Toggenburg Bible
- 20. Spread of the Black Death
- 21. The Great Schism • Avignon Papacy (1309 – 1378) – Clement V (r. 1305-1314) – Babylonian Captivity • Gregory XI – St. Catherine of Siena (1347-1380) • Urban VI vs. Clement VII • Council of Pisa, 1409 • Council of Constance, 1414 – 1418
- 22. The Papal Palace at Avignon
- 23. The Great Schism
- 24. Medieval Kingdoms • Monarchs • Feudalism • Spain – Reconquista • Holy Roman Empire – Golden Bull, 1356 – Italy • France – Estates-General
- 25. The Reconquista
- 26. The Hundred Years’ War • 1337 – 1453 • England vs. France – Claims of Edward III and Philip VI • Burgundy • Battle of Crecy, 1346 • Battle of Agincourt, 1415 • Raiding & Mercenaries • Joan of Arc (1412 – 1431) • Wars of the Roses (1455 – 1485)
- 27. Battle of Crecy, late 15th C, Manuscript, Chronicles by Froissart
- 28. Medieval Art French Illuminated Manuscript, 1465 Francesco Traini, The Triumph of Death, 14th Century
Editor's Notes
- MAP 8.3 A Typical Manor. The manorial system created small, tightly knit communities in which peasants were economically and physically bound to their lord. Crops were rotated, with roughly onethird of the fields lying fallow at any one time, which helped replenish soil nutrients (see Chapter 9).
- MAP 9.1 Medieval Trade Routes. Italian cities and Flanders were the centers of gradually expanding trade in Europe. They fostered the exchange of goods from the Byzantine Empire and the Far East with those of various regions of Europe. The decline in the level of violence over time greatly helped trade.
- The Gothic Cathedral. The Gothic cathedral was one of the great artistic triumphs of the High Middle Ages. Shown here is the cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris. Begun in 1163, it was not completed until the beginning of the fourteenth century.
- University Classroom. This illustration shows a university classroom in fourteenthcentury Germany. As was customary in medieval classrooms, the master is reading from a text. The students vary considerably in age and in the amount of attention they are giving the lecturer.
- The Mongol Conquests The Mongol conquests were among the bloodiest in human history. Within China alone, the Mongols under Genghis Khan killed 20 million people. His successors did their best to equal those numbers as they tore through central Asia, Russia, Persia, and the Middle East.
- The Mongol Successor States The Mongols were warriors, not statesmen, and their vast conquests quickly broke up into a patchwork of separate khanates held together by brute force—much as had occurred in the wake of Alexander the Great’s conquests in the 4th century BCE.
- MAP 11.1 Spread of the Black Death. The plague entered Europe by way of Sicily in 1347 and within three years had killed between one-quarter and one-half of the population. Outbreaks continued into the early eighteenth century, and the European population took two hundred years to return to the level it had reached before the Black Death.