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Week 13 (The Early Middle Ages)
- 1. The Fall of Rome and the Middle Ages Week 13
- 2. Overview • AD 200 – 1000 • Fall of the Roman Empire • Post-Roman Christianity • After Rome – Byzantine Empire – Islamic World – Germans – Carolingians Great Mosque of Cordoba, 8th Century http://youtu.be/-8bqQ-C1PSE
- 3. Homework • Textbook: Chs. 7-8 • Canvas Quiz (11/24) • PSR #3 (11/24) The Coronation of Charlemagne by Pope Leo III, 15th century French manuscript
- 4. The Dominate • Dominus • Diocletian (r. 284 – 305) – Edict on Maximum Prices, AD 301 – Tetrarchy – The Great Persecution • Constantine the Great (r. 306 – 337) – AD 312, Battle of the Milvian Bridge – Solidus – Constantinople The Four Tetrarchs, c.AD 300, St. Mark's Cathedral, Venice
- 5. Divisions in the Late Roman Empire
- 6. The Conversion of Constantine, 17th century, Rubens
- 7. Colossus of Constantine, AD 315
- 8. Fall of the Roman Empire • Theodosius the Great (r.379-395) • German Migrations • Federates • Master of the Soldiers – Stilicho (359 – 408) • AD 476, Odovacer • Problem of Collapse • Legacy Diptych of Stilicho and Family, AD 398
- 9. Christianity in the Late Roman Empire • Constantine – Edict of Milan, AD 313 • Council of Nicaea, 325 – Heresy – Arianism – Nicene Creed • St. Jerome (348-420) – Vulgate • Theodosius the Great (r.379-395) • The Pope – Petrine Supremacy – Pope Leo I (r. 440 – 461) • Missionaries • St. Augustine of Hippo (AD 354 – 430) – City of God • Monasticism – Rule of St. Benedict, 520s Roman Villa, 4th Cent AD, Lullingstone, UK
- 11. The Spread of Christianity, AD 400–800
- 12. St. Patrick (AD 385 – 431)
- 13. St. Benedict
- 14. After Rome
- 15. The Byzantine Empire • Byzantium • Eastern Roman Empire • Greek • Christian • Urban • Prosperity • Emperor – Patriarch – Caesaropapism Hagia Sophia Mosaic, 10th Century
- 16. Constantinople
- 17. MAP 7.6 Constantinople Map 7.6 p200
- 18. Justinian I • b. 483, r. 527-565 • co ruler, Theodora (500- 548) • Reconquest • Corpus Juris Civilis • Taxes • Nika Riot, 532 San Vitale, Ravenna, early 6th C.
- 19. The Byzantine Empire under Justinian
- 20. Byzantine Empire, c. AD 1000
- 21. Hagia Sophia
- 22. Arabia • Geography • Trade Routes • Neighbors: – Roman/Byzantine – Sassanid Persian – Ethiopian • Religion – pagan/polytheism – Judaism – Christianity – Zoroastrianism
- 23. Muhammad/Mohammed (570 - 632) • Merchant in Mecca • Visions via Angel Gabriel • 622, Hegira – Medina • 630, Mecca • Expansion • Dies unexpectedly Muhammad Preaches in Mecca, 17th century Ottoman manuscript
- 24. Arabia in the Time of Muhammad • Frontier • Federates • Byzantine-Persian War (AD 602-628) • Heretics
- 25. The Battle of Nineveh (627), Piero della Francesca, 1452
- 26. Islamic Beliefs • Koran/Qur’an • 5 Pillars of Islam • Mecca • Arabic • Umma • Women • Jihad – 2 forms – Importance of conquest Mihrab, Panel from Mosque in Iran, early 14th century
- 27. 17th Century Safavid Fresco
- 28. Islamic Expansion • Dhimmi • Jizya • Caliphs and the Caliphate – Emirs • Ali assassinated – Shi’a/Shiites – Sunni • Learning – Averroës (1126- 1198) – Arabic Numerals – Algebra
- 29. Muslim fleet attacks Constantinople 12th century Byzantine Manuscript, naval battle in the 670s
- 30. The Germans • Culture • Agriculture • Wergeld • Christianity • The Franks – Merovingian Dynasty – Roman Christianity – Mayor of the Palace • Carolingian Dynasty – Charles Martel (d. 741) • Battle of Tours, 732 – Pepin the Short (714- 768) Battle of Tours in October 732, Charles de Steuben, 1837
- 31. Map 7.3 p183 The Germanic Kingdoms of the Old Western Empire
- 32. Conversion of Germans to Christianity
- 33. The Carolingian Renaissance • Charlemagne (r. 768 – 814) • Holy Roman Empire – Christmas, 800 – The Papal States • Governing an Empire – Local lords – Missi dominici • Learning – Alcuin of York (735-804) – Carolingian Miniscule The Coronation of Charlemagne, Jean Fouquet, 1455-1460
- 34. Map 8.1 p213 MAP 8.1 The Carolingian Empire
- 35. Carolingian Culture Charlemagne?, 9th Century Carolingian Miniscule
- 36. St. Matthew Lindisfarne Gospels, c. AD 700 Vienna Coronation Gospels, c. AD 800-810
- 37. Treaty of Verdun, AD 843
- 38. Invasions of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries
- 39. New Invasions • Vikings/Norsemen/Danes • Muslims • Magyars • Eastern Franks – Otto I the Great (936 – 973) – Battle of Lechfeld (955) • Western Franks – Capetian dynasty
- 41. From Britain to England • Alfred the Great (b. 848, r. 870 – 899) – Danelaw • William the Conqueror (d. 1087) – Battle of Hastings (1066) • Henry II (r. 1154-1189) – Angevin Dynasty – Exchequer – Common Law – Thomas à Becket • King John (1199 – 1216) – Magna Carta
Editor's Notes
- MAP 7.6 Constantinople. Constantinople was the largest city in Europe, and until the twelfth century, it was the nexus of trade between east and west. Emperor Justinian oversaw a massive building program that produced important architectural monuments such as Hagia Sophia.
- MAP 7.3 The Germanic Kingdoms of the OldWestern Empire. The Germanic tribes filled the power vacuum created by the demise of the Roman Empire, building states that blended elements of Germanic customs and laws with those of Roman culture, including largescale conversions to Christianity. The Franks established the most durable of these Germanic states.
- MAP 8.1 The Carolingian Empire. Charlemagne inherited the Frankish kingdom from his father, Pepin. He expanded his territories in several directions, creating an empire that would not be rivaled in size until the conquests of Napoleon in the early nineteenth century.
- MAP 8.2 Invasions of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries. Attacks by invading Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims terrorized much of Europe in the ninth and tenth centuries, disrupting economic activity and spurring the development of fief-holding. The Vikings were the biggest problem, but they eventually formed settlements, converted to Christianity, and were assimilated.