Lecture Slides, Germanna, His 102 LH01, Fall 2019

1. The Long 19th Century
Week 6

2. Overview
 mid-1700s – mid-1800s
 Napoleon Bonaparte
 The Industrial Revolution
 Congress of Vienna
 New Ideologies
 Homework:
 Midterm (11/22)
 Quiz (11/25)
 Documentary (11/25)

3. Rise of Napoleon
France’s Revolutionary
Army
Levée en masse
Napoleon Bonaparte
(1769-1821)
Paris, 1795
Italy, 1796
Egypt, 1798-1799
 July 21, 1798, Battle of the
Pyramids
Young Napoleon, Baron Gros, 1801

4. France’s Revolutionary Army

5. Invasion of Egypt, 1798-1799
The Rosetta Stone, 196 BC
Watteau, Battle of the
Pyramids, 1799

6. Napoleon’s Reign
1804, Emperor
Accomplishments
 Pope
 Napoleonic Code
 Grand Army
1802-1804, Haiti
Continental System
1812, Invasion of Russia
1814, Exiled to Elba
1815, Battle of Waterloo
Final exile to St. Helena
Napoleon I on his Imperial Throne, Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, 1808

7. Coronation of Napoleon, David, 1805-1808

8. The First
French
Empire at its
Height

9. What do you need for the
Industrial Revolution to
happen?

10. Components of the Industrial Rev.
Technology
Division of Labor
Capital
Employees
Raw Materials
Markets
Infrastructure
Government
Capitalism

11. New Cash Crop

12. What does this do?

13. p291

14. Textile Factories
Spinning Jenny (1764)
James Hargreaves
Water frame (1769)
Richard Arkwright
Cotton Gin (1793)
Eli Whitney
Power
Cheap clothesMule spinning at Swainson & Birley Mill,
Preston, 1834

15. Early Factories
• (above) Slater Mill,
Pawtucket, RI; 1793
• (left) reconstruction of a
factory

16. Results
Iron
 Abraham Darby, coal, 1709
 James Watts’ rotary steam
engine, 1782
Economy
Imperialism
Middle Class
Working Class
Slave Class
Agricultural lifestyle vs.
factory
Wage labor force
Conditions Ironbridge near Coalbrookdale, 1775-1779

18. Child Labor and Reform

19. Congress of Vienna, 1815
• Victors
• Britain
• Prussia
• Austria
• Russia
• Principle of
Legitimacy
• Balance of Power
• France
• Concert of Europe
• New Ideas

20. Europe After 1815

21. Conservatism
Old Order
Monarchy and
Aristocracy
Tradition
Prince Klemens von
Metternich (1754-
1859)
 Foreign Minister, 1809-1848
 Principle of Intervention
Sir Thomas Lawrence, 1820-1825

22. Liberalism
 Constitutionalism
 Middle Class
 Rights
 Laissez-faire
 Industrial Revolution
• John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)
− On Liberty
− On the Subjugation of Women

23. Socialism
 Working Class
 Property
 Utopian Socialism
 Charles Fourier (1772-
1837)
 Phalanstery
 Robert Owen (1771-
1851)
 New Lanarck, Scotland
 New Harmony, Indiana
 George Fitzhugh (1806-
1881)
“Even salads were deposited in the
store, to be handed out – making ten
thousand unnecessary steps, and
causing them to come to the table in a
wilted, deadened state.”

24. Nationalism
 Community
 “the Nation”
 Identity
 Shared Characteristics
 Nation-State
 Physical boundaries
 Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-
1872)
Gustave Wappers, Revolution of 1830

25. Eugene Delacroix, Liberty Leading
the People,1830

26. Thanksgiving Week
19th Century
Ideologies (cont’d)
Revolutions of 1848
Italian and German
Unification
American Civil War
19th C Science
Homework (12/3):
 Chs. 20-22
 Quiz (chs. 18-19)
 Documentary
 Discussion
Garibaldi Greats Victor Emmanuel II, 1860

27. Europe After 1815

28. Nationalist Leaders

29. The Revolutions of 1848
Causes
Conservatives
France
Italy
Austria
Metternich
Ferdinand I (1793-1875)
Russia
Nicholas I (1796-1855)
Frankfurt Assembly
Results

30. France
Monarchy
2nd French Republic
(1848-1852)
Charles Louis Napoleon
Bonaparte (1808-1873)
2nd French Empire (1852-
1871)
Domestic polices
Foreign Policy
 Crimean War (1854 – 1856)
 War with Austria (1859)
 Troops in Rome
 Invasion of Mexico (1861 –
1867)
 Maximilian of Austria

31. Italy
Risorgimento
Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia
 Victor Emmanuel II (1820-1878)
 Camillo di Cavour (1810-1861)
Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-
1882)
March of the 1000, 1860
Kingdom of Italy, 1861
Venetia, 1866
Rome, 1871
Irredentism
Conservative Nationalism

32. Italian Unification

33. The American Civil War (1861-1865)
Manifest Destiny
Election of 1860
Slavery
American Nationalism
Alexander Stephens
Abraham Lincoln
Total War
Cotton Famine
Reconstruction, 1865
– 1877

34. The United States of America, 1861

35. Defending the South’s
“Peculiar Institution”

36. The Cruelty of Slavery

37. Results of the Civil War

38. German Unification
Important German states
 Austria
 Prussia
Otto von Bismarck (1815-
1898)
 Conservative
 “Iron and Blood”
 Realpolitik
Franco-Prussian War,
1870-1871
 Battle of Sedan, September 2,
1870
 Siege of Paris; capitulates
January 28, 1871
 Alsace-Lorraine
 Kaiser Wilhelm I of Germany

39. Proclamation of the 2nd German Empire in 1871,
Anton von Werner, 1885

40. Europe After 1815

41. Europe in 1871