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Week 16 (Sectionalism and the Civil War)
- 1. The Civil War Week 16
- 2. Overview • 1850-1865 • Compromise of 1850 • Defending Slavery • Violence • John Brown • Election of 1860
- 3. The Compromise of 1850 • Supporters – Henry Clay – Stephen A. Douglas • Provisions – California, a free state – NM and Utah, decision delayed – Texas border redrawn, Feds assume debt – Slave trade abolished in DC – Fugitive Slave Act
- 4. The Compromise of 1850
- 5. Decline of the Whigs • 1848 – Whigs nominate Zachary Taylor – “Hero of Buena Vista” – Slavery – Free Soil Party • Franklin Pierce, 1852 – Young America – “Filibusters” • Republican Party – John C. Fremont, 1856
- 6. Defenders of Slavery • Increasing division • North vs. South • Industry vs. Agriculture • Slave labor vs. free labor • Capitalism • George Fitzhugh (1806- 1881) • Origin of Species, 1859
- 7. Crystal Palace, NYC, 1853
- 8. Defending the South’s “Peculiar Institution”
- 9. The Cruelty of Slavery
- 10. Road to Disunion • Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852 – Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811– 1896) • Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 – Popular Sovereignty • Violence – Christiana, PA, 1851 – Bleeding Kansas • Lawrence & Lecompton • Pottawatomie Creek – Brooks and Sumner, 1856 • Financial Panic of 1857 • Dred Scott Decision, 1857 – Chief Justice Roger B. Taney • Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858
- 14. John Brown’s Raid • Abolitionist fervor • Pro-slavery violence • 2nd Great Awakening • Slave Uprisings • Harper’s Ferry, VA, October 16-18, 1859 • Southern fears
- 15. John Brown
- 16. Election of 1860 • Four way race – Lincoln – Douglas – Bell – Breckinridge • December 20, 1860 – South Carolina secession
- 17. p422
- 18. War Breaks Out • Crittenden Compromise, December 1860 • Fort Sumter – April 12, 1861 • Internal Dissent – Upper South & Border States – Copperhead Democrats
- 19. USA vs. CSA
- 20. What Caused the War? • Reasons given: – Tariff – States’ Rights – Federal power – Slavery • Territories • 25% owned • Richest 3% • Fear • Reasons to fight • Nationalism General John B. Gordon
- 21. p425
- 22. Overview • North – Industry – Population – Economic victory • South – Home team advantage – Officers – Political victory • Political Parties • State Governments • Strategies – Anaconda Plan • 1st Battle of Manassas/ Bull Run, July 21, 1861 • 600,000 deaths • Goals
- 23. Battle of Antietam/Sharpsburg September 17, 1862 • 2nd Battle of Manassas (Aug 28-30) • Lee Invades Maryland • McClellan restored to command • Statistics – 132,000 engaged – 14 hours – 23,000 casualties • Emancipation Proclamation (Sept 23) Dunker Church, Antietam Battlefield
- 24. Summer 1862
- 26. Commanding Generals at Antietam
- 27. The Sunken Road
- 28. Minie Ball vs. Musket Ball
- 29. On to Liberty, Theodor Kaufmann, 1867
- 30. Blacks and the Civil War • Contrabands • Militia Act, 1862 • The Emancipation Proclamation, Sept 22, 1862 • The 13th Amendment
- 31. Contraband, Recruit, Veteran, Thomas Waterman Wood, 1865–1866
- 32. At Home • Habeas Corpus • Censorship • Unionists and Copperheads • Internal Rebellions – NYC Draft Riots, July 1863 – Richmond Bread Riots, Spring 1863
- 33. p433
- 34. Table 20-3 p434
- 35. The Civil War and the World • Anaconda Plan • Immigrants • American Indians • Foreign Observers • Cotton • Britain & France – 1861, Trent Affair – 1863, CSS Alabama • Russia • Emancipation Proclamation
- 36. p429
- 38. Cotton Bond, Emile Erlanger & Co.
- 39. Foreign Perceptions of the Civil War
- 40. Foreign Perceptions of the Civil War
- 41. The War Ends • July 1863 – Gettysburg – Vicksburg • Grant’s Overland Campaign • Total War – Shenandoah, 1864 – Sherman’s March to the Sea • Election of 1864 • Lincoln Assassinated – April 14, 1865 • Reconstruction, 1865 – 1877 – 13th-15th Amendments
- 42. Battle of Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863
- 44. Reconstruction
- 45. Results of the Civil War
Editor's Notes
- Bombardment of Fort Sumter, South Carolina, April 1861 A t 4:30 the morning of April 12, a Confederate battery at Fort Johnson opened fire on the Union Forces at Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor. Residents of Charleston cheered from their rooftops as the beleaguered garrison briefly returned fire, surrendered, and then fled.
- Friendly Enemies T he man on the right is George Armstrong Custer. The youngest general in the Union army, this brilliant young officer survived the Civil War only to lose his life and that of every soldier under his command to Sioux warriors at the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876—“Custer’s Last Stand.” The man on the left is Lt. James B. Washington, a Confederate prisoner. He and Custer had been classmates at West Point.
- The New York City Anti-Draft Rioters, 1863 Mostly Irish American mobs convulsed the city for days and were in the end put down only by a merciless application of Federal firepower.
- Recruiting Immigrants for the Union Army This poster in several languages appeals to immigrants to enlist. Immigrant manpower provided the Union with both industrial and military muscle.