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Week 13 (The Middle Ages)
- 1. The Middle Ages Week 13
- 2. Overview • AD 500 – 1200 • England • Cluny Reforms • The Crusades • Homework: – Chs. 10 – 11 – Quiz (12/11) – Discussion (12/12) – Final (12/14) St. Louis, describing the 7th Crusade
- 3. Europe, c. AD 1000
- 4. The Germanic Kingdoms of the Old Western Empire
- 5. From Britain to England • Alfred the Great (b. 848, r. 870 – 899) – Danelaw • Edward the Confessor (c. 1004, 1042 – 1066) • William the Conqueror (d. 1087) – Battle of Hastings (1066) • Henry II (r. 1154-1189) – Angevin Dynasty – Exchequer – Common Law – Thomas à Becket • King John (1199 – 1216) – Magna Carta
- 6. Invasions of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries
- 7. The Alfred Jewel, late 9th Century
- 8. Bayeux Tapestry (1073 – 1083)
- 9. Bayeux Tapestry (1073 – 1083)
- 10. Gregorian Reforms • Cluny, 910 • Reforms – Simony – Papal Curia • Gregory VII (r. 1073 – 1085) vs. Henry IV (r. 1056 – 1106) – Lay Investiture – Interdict – Excommunication • Concordat of Worms, 1122 • Religious Revival – Sacraments – Saints & Virgin Mary – Pilgrimages
- 12. Map 10.6 p287 Pilgrimage Routes in the Middle Ages
- 13. A Crusade is Called • Religion and Reform • The Byzantine Empire – Turks • Battle of Manzikert, 1071 – Alexius I Comnenus (1056 – 1118) • East-West Schism, 1054 • Council of Clermont, 1095 – Urban II (1042 – 1099) “Urban II Preaches the 1st Crusade,” Livre des Passages d'Outre-mer, 15th C
- 14. Turkish Empires and their Neighbors, c. AD 1210
- 15. The Crusades
- 16. Why go on Crusade? • Cluny Reforms • Holy War • Knighthood – Peace of God – Truce of God • Relics • Pilgrimages – Purgatory • East-West Schism • 2nd Sons
- 17. Crusades • Timeline: – 1095, Council of Clermont – 1st Crusade – 1099, Jerusalem captured – 1145 – 1149, 2nd Crusade – 1189 – 1192, 3rd Crusade – 1202 – 1204, 4th Crusade – 1244, Jerusalem falls – 1291, Acre falls • Spain • Baltic • Albigensian Crusade
- 18. Tintoretto, Sack of Constantinople, 1580-1605
- 19. Crusader Culture • Frankish, Islamic, Byzantine • Trade • Need for support – People’s Crusade – Children’s Crusade, 1212 • Crusading Orders – Knights Templars – Knights Hospitallers – Teutonic Knights • s
- 20. p278 Settlements of the Teutonic Knights c. 1230
- 22. Feudalism • Political Situation • Medieval Class – Fight – Pray – Work • How it works – Lord – Vassal – Fief – Feudal Bonds – Subinfeudation Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry, 1410
Editor's Notes
- MAP 7.3 The Germanic Kingdoms of the OldWestern Empire. The Germanic tribes filled the power vacuum created by the demise of the Roman Empire, building states that blended elements of Germanic customs and laws with those of Roman culture, including largescale conversions to Christianity. The Franks established the most durable of these Germanic states.
- MAP 8.2 Invasions of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries. Attacks by invading Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims terrorized much of Europe in the ninth and tenth centuries, disrupting economic activity and spurring the development of fief-holding. The Vikings were the biggest problem, but they eventually formed settlements, converted to Christianity, and were assimilated.
- MAP 10.6 Pilgrimage Routes in the Middle Ages. Some Christians sought spiritual solace by traveling to pilgrimage sites. Many went to local shrines honoring the Virgin Mary, but Jerusalem, Rome, and Santiago de Compostela were the most desired locations.
- Settlements of the Teutonic Knights c. 1230