general anatomy of the joints and its classification

1. Joints
&
classification
Presenter: Dr. Rahul Sharma
Bpt ( JMI)
MSc.ANATOMY
AIIMS, RISHIKESH
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2. Joint
Anatomically ; Joint is a junction between two
bones.
Arthrosis (in Latin)
Arthron (in Greek)
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3. Classification of joints
Joints are classified on basis of
1. Structural classification
2. Functional classification
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4. Functional classification
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5. Structural classification
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6. Fibrous Joint
Bones forming joint are united by fibrous connective
tissue
• Suture
• Gomphosis
• Syndesmosis
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7. Sutural Joint
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9. Cartilaginous Joint
• Cartilaginous joint , where joint forming articular
surface are united by means of either hyaline
cartilage or fibrocartilage.
Two type,
1. Primary cartilaginous joint(Synchondroses )
2. Secondary cartilaginous joint(Symphyses)
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10. • Joints are united by means of –Hyaline
cartilage ,Fibro cartilage
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11. Primary cartilaginous joint
Joints are joined by a plate of hyaline cartilage
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12. Secondary cartilaginous joint
• Articular surface of bone cover by hyaline
sheet ,interconnected by a disc or pad of
fibrocartilage
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13. Summary
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14. Synovial Joint
• Freely movable(di-arthrosis) type of joint
• Name came from synovial fluid (lubricant),
present in joint cavity
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15. Component of Synovial Joint
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16. Ligament of Synovial Joint
• True ligament
• Accessory ligament
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17. Acc to axis of movement
• Plane joint
• Uniaxial
1. Hinge joint
2. Pivot joint
• Biaxial
1. Ellipsoid joint
2. Saddle joint
3. Condyloid joint
• Multiaxial
1. Ball & Socket joint
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18. Type of synovial joint
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19. • Plane joint articular surfaces are more or less flat
(plane).
e.g. Acromio-clavicular joint, zygopophyseal joint, inter-
tarsal joint, Inter-carpal joint
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20. • Pivot joint Articular surfaces comprise a central bony
pivot (peg) surrounded by an osteoligamentous ring
e.g. proximal radio-ulnar joint, atlanto-axial joint
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21. • Hinge joint- articular surfaces are pulley-shaped
e.g. elbow joint, knee joint, inter-phalangeal joint, ankle
joint
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22. • Condyloid joint round oval surface fitting into an
socket type articular surface
e.g Tempro-mandibular joint, knee joint
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23. • Ellipsoid joint articular surfaces include an elliptical convex
surface fitting into an elliptical concave surface
e.g. Wrist joint, metacarpo-phalangeal joint, atlanto-occipital
joint
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24. • Saddle joint articular surfaces are reciprocally concavoconvex.
e.g. 1st metacarpo-carpal joint, calcaneo-cuboidal joint, sterno-
clavicular joint.
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25. • Ball and Socket joint articular surfaces include a
globular head fitting into a cup-shaped socket
e.g. shoulder joint, hip joint
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26. Classification
• Acc to number of articulating bone
1. Simple joint
2. Compound joint
3. Complex joint
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27. Osteoarthritis
• Degenerative condition of the large weight-
bearing joints.
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28. Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Inflammatory systemic disease
• Involving synovial membranes of small joints.
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29. Spondylosis
• Degenerative changes
• Leading to narrowed intervertebral foramen
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30. MCQ

31. 1. A pt come with an X-ray of elbow , destroyed
epiphyseal plate can be seen ,what its lead to?
a) Abnormal growth
b) Shortening of limb
c) No Healing
d) A and b
A and b

32. 2. All of the following secondary cartilaginous
joints belongs to axial skeleton except?
a) Manubriosternal joint
b) Intervertebral discs
c) Symphysis pubis
d) Symphysis menti
a) Symphysis pubis

33. 3. Manubriosternal joint is an example of ?
a) Symphyses
b) Synchondrosis
c) Synovial
d) syndesmosis
Symphyses

34. REFERENCES
• BD Chaurasia_s Handbook of General
Anatomy, 4th Edition
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