The document provides a detailed overview of the cerebellum, including its gross appearance, structure, functional divisions, and pathways, as well as clinical syndromes associated with cerebellar lesions. It describes the cerebellum's lobes, nuclei, afferent and efferent fibers, and the clinical signs of dysfunction, including hypotonia and ataxia. Additionally, it includes multiple-choice questions and clinical vignettes related to cerebellar anatomy and pathology.

1. Cerebellum
Presenter - Rahul Sharma

2. Contents
• Gross appearance of cerebellum
• Structure of cerebellum
• Functional division of cerebellum
• Afferent & efferent pathways
• Clinical
• MCQ’s
• Clinical Vignettes

3. Gross appearance of cerebellum
• Situated in the posterior cranial fossa
•It consist
1. Two lobes
2. Joined by narrow median vermis

4. Connected by 3 peduncle
1. Superior cerebellar
2. Middle cerebellar
3. Inferior cerebellar

5. Divided in 3 main lobes
1. Superior lobe
2. Middle lobe
3. Flocculonodular lobe
3 fissure are present
1. Primary fissure
2. Horizontal fissure
3. Uvulonodular fissure

6. 3 layers:-
Molecular layer
Purkinje cell layer
Granular layer
Structure of cerebellum

7. Figure 6-3 A: Flattened view of the cerebellar cortex showing the main cerebellar lobes,
lobules, and fissures.
Functional areas of cerebellar cortex
3 functional areas
1. Cortex of vermis
2. Intermediate zone
3. Lateral zone

8. Intracerebellar nuclei
4 mass of grey matter embedded in white matter
Nuclei
•Dentate
•Emboliform
•Globose
•Fastigial
Intracerebellar nuclei are composed of large multipolar

9. White Matter
Composed of 3 group of fibres
•Intrinsic fibre
1. Do not leave cerebellum
2. Connect different region of organ
•Afferent
1. Form greater part of white matter
2. Enter mainly from inferior & middle
peduncle
•Efferent nerve
1. Output of cerebellum
Note:- dentate, emboliform & globose nuclei fibre leave from superior cerebellar
peduncle and fibres from fastigial leave through inferior cerebellar peduncle

10. Cerebellar Cortical Mechanism
Two main line of input
Mossy fibre
Climbing fibre
Excitatory to
Purkinje cell
What then is the function of other cell of
cerebellum?
Basket cell, stellate cell, golgi cells

11. Cerebellar Afferent Fibers
• From cerebral cortex
1. Corticopontocerebellar pathway
2. Cerebro-olivocerebellar pathway
3. Cerebroreticulocerebellar pathway
Figure 6-10 Cerebellar afferent fibers from the cerebral cortex.

12. Cerebellar afferent fibers from spinal cord
Figure 6-11 Cerebellar afferent fibers from the spinal cord and internal
ear.
•Anterior & Posterior spinocerebellar tract
•Cuneocerebellar tract
•Afferent fibre from vestibular nerve

13. Cerebellum Efferent Fibers
Efferent fibre from
cerebellum connect with:-
•Red nulceus
•Thalamus
•Vestibular complex
•Reticular formation

14. ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF CEREBELLUM
• Superior cerebellar artery
• Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
• Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

15. CLINICAL’S
Lesions of cerebellum:
• Due to trauma, vascular occlusion, tumors.
• Produce a number of signs and symptoms
• Acute lesions differ from those produced by chronic lesions.

16. Following symptoms and signs are characteristic of
Cerebellar dysfunction.
1. Hypotonia
2. Postural Changes and Alteration of Gait
3. Disturbances of Voluntary Movement (Ataxia)
4. Dysdiadochokinesia
5. Disturbances of Reflexes
6. Nystagmus
7. Disorders of Speech

17. Cerebellar Syndromes
Vermis Syndrome
• Common cause of vermis syndrome is medullo
blastoma of vermis
• Involvement of flocculonodular lobe
• Signs and symptoms related to vestibular system
• Muscle incoordination involves head and trunk and
not the limbs

18. Cerebellar Hemisphere Syndrome
• Tumors of cerebellum result cerebellar hemisphere syndrome
• symptoms and signs are usually unilateral
• Ipsilataeral involvment of muscles
• Movements of limbs, especially arms, are disturbed. Swaying
and falling to the side of the lesion often occur.
• Dysarthria and nystagmus
• Lateral involvment of lobe result in delays in initiating
movements and inability to move all limb segments together
in a coordinated manner but show a tendency to move one
joint at a time.

19. MCQ
• Superior cerbellar peduncle contains which of the
following?
a) Posterior spinocerebellar
b) Olivocrebellar tract
c) Vestibulocerebellar
d) Anterior spinocerebellar
Anterior spinocerebellar
BD_Chaurasia’s_Human_Anatomy, Volume 3 - Head-Neck and Brain 6th Edition, pg no 408

20. • Which of the following region of cerebllum is
concerned with planning and programming muscular
activities?
a) Intermediate zone
b) Vermis
c) Lateral zone
d) Flocculonodular zone
Lateral zone
BD_Chaurasia’s_Human_Anatomy, Volume 3 - Head-Neck and Brain 6th Edition, pg no 408

21. • Cerebellum consist numerous lobe, which lobe is the
smallest one?
a) Flocculonodular lobe
b) Middle lobe
c) Anterior lobe
d) Posterior lobe
BD_Chaurasia’s_Human_Anatomy, Volume 3 - Head-Neck and Brain 6th
Edition, pg no 408
a) Flocculonodular lobe

22. Clinical Vignette
• Two physicians are talking in the street when one turns to the
other and says, "Look at that man over there. Look at the way
he is walking. He Is not swinging his right arm at all; it is just
hanging down by his side. I wonder If he has a cerebellar
lesion." Does a person with a unilateral cerebellar hemisphere
tumor tend to hold the arm limply at the side when he walks?
a unillateral lesion involving one cerebellar
hemisphere demonstrates absence of
coordination between different groups of
muscles on the same side of the body
Ans YES

23. References
• Richard_S_Snell_Clinical_Neuroanatomy_7
edition
• Gray's Anatomy-The Anatomical Basis of
Clinical Practice 41st Edition - 2015