There are two types of bone tissue: compact bone and spongy bone. Compact bone contains concentric rings surrounding haversian canals, while spongy bone is less dense and contains thin bone columns. Bones come in long, short, flat, and irregular shapes. Long bones have a diaphysis made of compact bone, epiphyses containing spongy bone, articular cartilage at the ends, a periosteum outer layer, and medullary cavity containing marrow. Key bone markings include heads, condyles, epicondyles, and trochanters for muscle attachment and articulation.

1. Bone Structure (pg 4)

2. Bone Tissue
• Compact Bone: Contains haversian canals
surrounded by concentric rings of matrix that
contains osteocytes

3. Bone Tissue
• Compact Bone: Contains haversian canals
surrounded by concentric rings of matrix that
contains osteocytes
• Spongy Bone: Less dense than compact bone.
Contains thin columns of bone tissue
surrounded by small, irregular cavities. The
cavities are filled with red bone marrow,
which forms red and white blood cells.

4. Bone Shapes
Shape Description Example
Long Longer than it is wide Femur
Short Approximately cube shaped Carpals
Flat Thin, usually curved Cranial bones
Irregular Do not fit any of the Vertebrae
categories above

5. Parts of a long bone
1. Diaphysis: cylindrical main portion of a bone.
Made of compact bone

6. Parts of a long bone
1. Diaphysis: cylindrical main portion of a bone.
Made of compact bone
2. Epiphyses: Enlarged ends of the bone.
Contains spongy bone

7. Parts of a long bone
1. Diaphysis: cylindrical main portion of a bone.
Made of compact bone
2. Epiphyses: Enlarged ends of the bone.
Contains spongy bone
3. Articular cartilage: Thin layer of hyaline
cartilage covering the epiphysis. Reduces
friction at joints

8. Parts of a long bone
1. Diaphysis: cylindrical main portion of a bone.
Made of compact bone
2. Epiphyses: Enlarged ends of the bone.
Contains spongy bone
3. Articular cartilage: Thin layer of hyaline
cartilage covering the epiphysis. Reduces
friction at joints
4. Periosteum: Tough sheath of connective
tissue that surrounds the bone

9. Parts of a long bone
1. Diaphysis: cylindrical main portion of a bone.
Made of compact bone
2. Epiphyses: Enlarged ends of the bone. Contains
spongy bone
3. Articular cartilage: Thin layer of hyaline cartilage
covering the epiphysis. Reduces friction at joints
4. Periosteum: Tough sheath of connective tissue
that surrounds the bone
5. Medullary cavity: hollow space within the
diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone
marrow

10. Parts of a long bone
1. Diaphysis: cylindrical main portion of a bone.
Made of compact bone
2. Epiphyses: Enlarged ends of the bone. Contains
spongy bone
3. Articular cartilage: Thin layer of hyaline cartilage
covering the epiphysis. Reduces friction at joints
4. Periosteum: Tough sheath of connective tissue
that surrounds the bone
5. Medullary cavity: hollow space within the
diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone
marrow
6. Endosteum: thin membrane that lines the
medullary cavity

11. Bone markings
• Head: Enlarged, rounded end of bone for
articulation

12. Bone markings
• Head: Enlarged, rounded end of bone for
articulation
• Condyle: Smooth, rounded articular surface

13. Bone markings
• Head: Enlarged, rounded end of bone for
articulation
• Condyle: Smooth, rounded articular surface
• Epicondyle: Bulge above a condyle for muscle
attachment

14. Bone markings
• Head: Enlarged, rounded end of bone for
articulation
• Condyle: Smooth, rounded articular surface
• Epicondyle: Bulge above a condyle for muscle
attachment
• Trochanter: Large, blunt projection for muscle
attachment

15. Bone markings
• Head: Enlarged, rounded end of bone for
articulation
• Condyle: Smooth, rounded articular surface
• Epicondyle: Bulge above a condyle for muscle
attachment
• Trochanter: Large, blunt projection for muscle
attachment
• Foramen: Hole in a bone for passage of blood
vessels and nerves