The document discusses IUPAC naming conventions for various organic compound classes including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics, alcohols, ethers, alkyl halides, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amines and amides. Prefixes, suffixes and carbon chain roots are used to systematically name compounds based on their functional groups and structure according to IUPAC rules. Examples are provided to illustrate the naming of compounds from each class.

1. IUPAC Naming
Prefix+root+suffix
Branch Number
of carbons
Type of
Organic compound

2. Alkanes
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 Butane
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Pentane

3. Alkanes with one branch
CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH3
-
2-methyl pentane
CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH2
--
CH3 3-ethyl hexane

4. Alkanes with two branches
CH3-CH-CH-CH2-CH3-
-
CH3 CH3
2,3-dimethyl pentane
CH3-CH-CH-CH2-CH3
CH3 CH2
CH3
-
--
3-ethyl 2-methyl pentane

5. Alkenes
CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH3
Pent-2-ene
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH=CH2
Hex-1-ene

6. Alkenes with branches
CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH=CH2
CH2-CH3
-
4-ethyl Hex-1-ene

7. Alkenes with branches
CH3-C=CH-CH=CH2
CH2-CH3
-
4-ethyl Hex-1,3-diene

8. Alkynes
CH3-C CH≡ Prop-1-yne
CH3-C C-CH≡ 2-CH2-CH3
Hex-2-yne

9. Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Formula: C6H6
OR
IUPAC Name: Benzene

10. CH3
Methyl benzene

11. CH3
CH3
1,2-dimethyl benzene

12. CH2-CH3
CH3
1-ethyl 3-methyl benzene

13. Alcohols
Functional group: OH
Name of suffix :-ol

14. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH
Suffix: ol
Root: Butan
Name:butan-1-ol

15. CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3
OH
Suffix: ol
Root: Pentan
Name:Pentan-2-ol
1 2 3 4 5

16. CH3-CH-CH-CH3
OH
OH
Suffix: ol
Root: Butan
Name:Butan-2,3-diol

17. CH3-CH-CH-CH3
OH
CH3
Suffix: ol
Root: Butan
Prefix: methyl
Name:3-methyl-2-butanol
1 2 3 4

18. Suffix: ol
Root: Butan
Prefix: cyclo
Name:cyclobutanol

19. Suffix: ol
Root: Butan
Prefix:methyl
Name:2-methyl cyclobutanol

20. Ethers
Functional group:-O-
Suffix: Oxy
CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-CH3
Eth Prop
Smaller group goes first.
Ethoxy propane

21. Alkyl halides
Functional groups:
F,Cl,Br,I
Suffix:Fluoro,chloro,bromo
,iodo

22. CH3-CH2-CH2-Cl
3 2 1
1-chloro propane
CH3-CH-CH2-Cl
Cl
3 2 1
1,2-dichloro propane

23. Chlorocyclobutane
Chlorocyclopentane

24. 1,3-dichlorocyclopentane
1,-bromo-3-methylcyclohexene

25. Aldehydes
Functional group: =O
Suffix: al
CH3-CH2-CH
=
O
Propanal

26. CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH
=
O
CH3
5 4 3 2 1
4-methyl pentanal
3-ethyl heptanal

27. Ketones
Functional group: =O
Suffix: one
CH3-C-CH3=
O
2-Propanone

28. Carboxylic acids
Functional group: -COOH
Suffix:-oic acid

29. CH3-CH2-C-OH
=
O
Propanoic acid
CH3-CH-CH2-C-OH
CH3
=
O
3-methyl butanoic acid

30. Esters
Functional group: -COO-
Suffix:Oate

31. CH3-CH2-C-O-CH3
=
O
Methyl propanoate
H-C-O-CH2-CH3
=
O
Ethyl methanoate

32. Amines
Functional group:-NH2
Suffix: -amine

33. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2
Butan-1-amine
CH3-CH2-CH2-NH
CH3
-N-methyl-propan-1-amine

34. Functional group:-C-NH2
Suffix: -amide
Amides
=
O

35. CH3-CH2-CH2-C-NH2
=
O
Butanamide
CH3-CH2-C-NH
=
O
CH3
-N-methyl propanamide