This document discusses alkanes, including their general formula, molecular formula, structural formula, and naming conventions. It provides examples of how to name alkanes based on identifying the stem and any branches, then numbering along the main chain. The document also briefly outlines some physical properties of alkanes and two of their chemical properties - combustion and substitution reactions, giving examples of methane combusting and its reaction with chlorine.

1. ALKANES GENERAL FORMULA MOLECULAR FORMULA STRUCTURAL FORMULA NAME OF EACH MEMBER Physical properties Chemical properties

2. ALKANES GENERAL FORMULA MOLECULAR FORMULA STRUCTURAL FORMULA NAME OF EACH MEMBER

13. Naming alkanes Identify the stem Identify the branch (if any) Put numbering on the main chain Name the branch first, then the stem

14. 1 2 3 propane

15. 1 2 3 4 n-butane

16. 1 2 3 4 5 n-pentane

17. Naming alkanes Identify the stem Identify the branch (if any) Put numbering on the main chain Name the branch first, then the stem

18. 1 2 3 4 5 2- methylpentane

19. 1 2 3 4 5 2,4- dimethylpentane

20. ALKANES PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

22. ALKANES CHEMICAL PROPERTIES COMBUSTION SUBSTITUTION REACTION

23. SUBSTITUTION REACTION Example: Reaction of methane with chlorine in the presence of UV

27. Cl Cl

28. Equation Step 1 CH 4 + Cl 2 ---------> CH 3 Cl + HCl step 2 CH 3 Cl + Cl 2 -------> CH 2 Cl 2 + HCl

29. Equation Step 3 CH 2 Cl 2 + Cl 2 ---------> CHCl 3 + HCl step 4 CHCl 3 + Cl 2 -------> CCl 4 + HCl

30. ALKANES CHEMICAL PROPERTIES COMBUSTION Example : Methane burns in excess air

31. C H H H H C H H H H

32. equation