Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-based compounds. Organic compounds usually contain carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds. Hydrocarbons are the simplest type of organic compound, composed entirely of carbon and hydrogen. There are several types of hydrocarbons including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds like benzene. Alkanes contain only single bonds, alkenes contain double bonds, and alkynes contain triple bonds.

1. Organic Chemistry
Organic chemistry is the study of compounds
that are based on carbon.
Organic compounds are defined as
compounds that are based on
carbon. They usually contain carbon-
carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds.
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2. Organic or inorganic?
Organic
C2H4
C2H5OH
CH4
CH3OH
Inorganic
CO2
NH3
SO3
NO3
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3. Structural diagrams
structural diagram shows all the bonds in the
molecule. Carbon’s bonding capacity is 4.
C-C-C-C-CH
H
H H H H H
H
H H H H
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4. Condensed diagrams
Condensed diagram shows only
carbon-carbon bonds.
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
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5. Line diagram uses lines to depict
carbon-carbon bonds.
Line diagrams
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6. Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons
are the simplest type of organic compound.
Hydrocarbons are composed entirely of carbon and
hydrogen atoms, and are widely used as fuels.
Examples
CH4
C2H4
C2H6
C5H12
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7. Classification of Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons
Aliphatic Aromatic
Alkanes Alkenes
Alkynes
Benzene and
its compounds
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8. Alkanes
An alkane is a hydrocarbon that has
only single bonds.
An alkane in the shape of a ring is
called a cycloalkane
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
H2C CH2
H2C CH2
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9. Alkenes
An alkene is a compound that has at least one
double bond.
Example:
CH3-CH2-CH=CH2
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10. Alkynes
An alkyne is a compound that has at
least one triple bond.
Example:
CH C-CH≡ 2-CH3
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11. Benzene
Benzene is the simplest aromatic
hydrocarbon with the formula C6H6.
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