04 Building floors and slabs focussed on RCC components: on-grade, one-way, two-ways and solid slabs. Types, behavior, components and materials.

1. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
Course: Building Construction
04 Floors - Slabs
Instructor: Dr. Ignacio J. PALMA CARAZO, Arch. PhD (Hons)
Assit. Professor / Architecture / Dar Al Uloom University / KSA
2021/MMXXI
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

2. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
0. Introduction
00 Introduction to the Course
01 Soils and their Investigation
02 Building Foundations
03 Structures (simplified)
04 Floors
05 Walls (façades)
06 Water & Humidity Exclusion
07 Openings: doors & windows
08 Glazing
09 Vertical Transportation Systems
10 Flooring
11 Wall Coating and Cladding
12 Ceiling
13 Roofs
Building Construction
Course Index
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

3. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
INDEX:
Introduction – RCC Slabs
Types of Floors/Slabs
On-grade slabs
One-way slabs
Two-way slabs
RCC Solid slabs – Inclined slabs
Pre-cast Slabs
Bibliography
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

4. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Introduction:
The slab is defined as the constructive element that consists of a horizontal framework
(Floors and Roofs), generally of beams & joists and other filler elements (tiles, concrete,
steel, etc.), which receives and transmits the loads to the different structural elements
(first to the beams). It serves to separate with overlapping plants in every building.
The resistant function must attend to the two most important aspects that are:
- To have resistance in themselves, and
- To collaborate with the rest of the structural elements of the building.
Loads:
Dead Loads (permanent loads):
- Slab own weight
- Finish materials
- Partition walls, banisters, parapet walls, etc.
- Exterior walls, including opening, dintels, etc.
Live Loads (temporary loads):
- Use & Service loads, depending on the building use (200 kg/m² to 500 kg/m²).
- Earthquakes
- Wind and Snow only on roof, terrace and balcony slabs
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

5. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Types of floors:
According to where is it:
- First ground slab: the first floor in contact with the soil (basement or ground-floor)
- Middle (intermediate floors) – Floor slabs
- Last (roofs) – Deck slabs
According to how to transmit loads:
- On-grade slabs: They transmit loads directly to the ground (ground bearing slab).
- Above-grade slabs (conventional slabs): They transmit loads to the building structure.
- One-way slabs: They flex in one directions, transmitting loads to beams
- Two-way slabs: They flex in two directions, transmitting loads to beams, or directly to the
columns.
According to the construction system:
- Cast in-situ slabs
- Pre-cast slabs
According to how to build them:
- Ribbed slabs (lightened slabs) with different types of joists, even hollow cores
- Solid slabs, without joists (heavy or lightened with hollow core) – including Raft slabs
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

6. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
On-grade slab – Ground bearing slab:
- These slabs are supported by the soil through a compacted sub-base, normally sand,
gravel or crashed stones.
- These slabs are not connected with the building structure. They are supported by the soil.
- Therefore, these slabs are located always in the ground level, either the ground floor
(without basement) or basement, if it exists.
- It has at least three parts:
- Soil
- Compacted sub-soil (coarse sand, gravel or crashed stones)
- Concrete slab, usually with a thin steel mesh to avoid cracks
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

7. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
On-grade slab – Ground bearing slab:
1 2
3 4
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

8. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
On-grade slab – Ground bearing slab: meeting with a RC wall
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

9. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
On-grade slab – Ground bearing slab: meeting with a RC wall
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

10. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
On-grade slab – Ground bearing slab:
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

11. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
On-grade slab – Ground bearing slab: Ventilated with concrete blocks
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

12. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
On-grade slab – Ground bearing slab: Ventilated with plastic domes/iglues
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

13. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
On-grade slab – Ground bearing slab: Ventilated with plastic domes/iglues
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

14. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
On-grade slab – Ground bearing slab: Ventilated with plastic domes/iglues
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

15. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
One-way slabs vs Two-way slab:
- One-way slabs: They flex in one directions, transmitting loads to beams
- Two-way slabs: They flex in two directions, transmitting loads to beams, or
directly to the columns.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

16. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
One-way slabs vs Two-way slab:
One-way slab is Supported by beams in only 2 Sides.
Two-way slab is supported by beams in all four sides.
Main reinforcement is provided in only one direction for one-way slabs.
Main reinforcement is provided in both the direction for two-way slab.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

17. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
One-way & Two-way slabs: Parts and Components
Joist or Ribs: structural longitudinal elements that transmit loads to the beams or
walls, including Steel bars. There´re a lot of types.
Joist filling with a hollow block/tile: pre-cast element built in ceramic, concrete,
polyexpan or other materials. Its function is to lighten the weight of the slab, and
collaborate togheter other elements, in the slab structural resistance.
When the salb is solid, the joist/rib filling is concrete or reincforced concrete.
Fill Concrete, filling any existing hollow between joists and Joist filling.
Concrete top bed: RC bed uses to distribute loads throught the slab. It is a 4 to 6
cm. RC thin bed located on the top of the salb. This bed includes a steel mesh. Also
calles as Upper Compression Bed.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

18. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
One-way & Two-way slabs: Parts and Components
Joist or Ribs: structural longitudinal elements that transmit loads to the beams or walls, including Steel bars. There´re
a lot of types.
Joist filling: pre-cast hollow blocks/tiles built in ceramic, concrete, polyexpan or other materials. Its function is to
lighten the weight of the slab, and collaborate togheter other elements, in the slab structural resistance. The market
offers a lot of types oif hollow blocks.
When the salb is solid, the joist/rib filling is reinforced concrete.
Fill Concrete, filling any existing hollow between joists and Joist filling.
Concrete top bed: RC bed uses to distribute loads throught the slab. It is a 4 to 6 cm. RC thin bed located on the top of
the salb. This bed includes a steel mesh.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

19. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
One-way: Parts and Components
Joist or Ribs: structural
longitudinal elements that
transmit loads to the beams or
walls, including Steel bars.
There´re a lot of types, including
pre-cast RC joists.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

20. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
One-way: Parts and Components
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

21. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
One-way: Parts and Components
Joist or Ribs: structural longitudinal elements that transmit loads to the beams or walls,
including Steel bars. There´re a lot of types, including pre-cast RC joists.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

22. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
One-way: Parts and Components
Joist filling: pre-cast element built
in ceramic, concrete, polyexpan or
other materials. Its function is to
lighten the weight of the slab, and
collaborate togheter other
elements, in the slab structural
resistance.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

23. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
One-way: Parts and Components
Joist filling: pre-cast element built in
ceramic, concrete, polyexpan or other
materials. Its function is to lighten the
weight of the slab, and collaborate
togheter other elements, in the slab
structural resistance.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

24. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
One-way: Parts and Components
Joist filling: Hollow block dimension (an example)
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

25. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
One-way: Parts and Components
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

26. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
One-way slabs
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

27. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
One-way slabs
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

28. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
One-way slabs
Joist
Hollow block
Beam
Joist
Hollow block
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

29. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
One-way: Parts
Concrete top bed: RC bed uses
to distribute loads throught the
slab. It is a 4 to 6 cm. RC thin
bed located on the top of the
salb. This bed includes a steel
mesh.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

30. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
One-way slabs
Block
Joist
Beam
Upper bed
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

31. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
One-way slabs
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

32. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
One-way: detail
Tile/Block
Joist
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

33. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
One-way: detail
Source: CYPE Ingenieros S.A.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

34. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
One-way: detail
Source: CYPE Ingenieros S.A.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

35. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
One-way: detail
Source: CYPE Ingenieros S.A.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

36. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
One-way: detail
Source: CYPE Ingenieros S.A.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

37. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
One-way: detail
Source: CYPE Ingenieros S.A.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

38. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Two-way floors: Definition
What is a two-way slab?:
Reinforced concrete continuous
slab, subjected to bending in two
orthogonal directions, this slab can
be solid or light and rests directly
on reinforced concrete supports
(beams, or directly to columns).
With same load, less depth is
needed than one-way slabs.
It is not possible to use pre-cast
joists due to the constructive
difficulties of orthogonal meetings.
Therefore, two-way slabs uses in-
situ reinforced concrete joists.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

39. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Two-way floors: Definition
Basic parameters of characteristics of the two-way slabs:
Distance between nerve (joist) axes (e). Usually between 80 and 92 cm.
Thickness of the base of the nerves (b). Usually between 10 and 16 cm.
Total edge (thickness) of the slab (H).
Height of the lightening block, if it exists (h).
Thickness of the upper RC compression layer/bed (c). Usually between 5 and 7 cm.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

40. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Two-way floors: types
-Two-way slab with lost lightening hollow blocks (it´s incorporated into the slab).
-Two-way slab with recoverable blocks/cassettes (once used to build the slab, it is removed,
leaving an empty hollow space).
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

41. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Two-way floors: Two-way slab with lost lightening hollow blocks
The most commonly is one that has an axis between the nerves/joists of 80 cm. and a
thickness of 10/14/16 cm. and a lightening grid of 70 x 70 cm.
Upper compression RC bed of 5, 6 or 7 cm. (Ø6 mm. 15 x 15 cm. at least)
The lightening is usually done with lightening concrete blocks (3, 4 or 6 pieces). It can also be
made with EPS blocks, which reduces weight and increases insulation.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

42. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Two-way floors: Two-way slab with lost lightening hollow blocks
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

43. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Two-way floors: concrete hollow blocks view
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

44. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Two-way floors: concrete hollow blocks view
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

45. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Two-way floors: EPS hollow blocks view
EPS
blocks
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

46. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Two-way floors: EPS hollow blocks view
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

47. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Two-way floors: Two-way slab with lost lightening hollow blocks - DETAIL
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

48. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Two-way floors: Two-way slab with recoverable blocks/cassettes
The slab is built by arranging plastic buckets/cassettes that are removed once the concrete
has setted and hardened, resulting cavities. The nerves/joists that originate in the two-way
slabs with these recoverable plastic molds are of greater section than the lost blocks system
and their structural characteristics are better.
This system is used in parking or factoriy buildings
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

49. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Two-way floors: Two-way slab with recoverable blocks/cassettes
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

50. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Two-way floors: Two-way slab with recoverable blocks/cassettes
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

51. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Two-way floors: Two-way slab with recoverable blocks/cassettes
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

52. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Two-way floors: Two-way slab – DETAIL
Meeting between RC wall and a two-way slab with lost blocks
Source: CYPE Ingenieros S.A.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

53. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Two-way floors: Two-way slab – DETAIL
Meeting between RC wall and a two-way slab with removable cassettes
Source: CYPE Ingenieros S.A.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

54. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Two-way floors: Two-way slab – DETAIL
Meeting between a beam and a two-way slab with lost blocks and removable cassette
Source: CYPE Ingenieros S.A.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

55. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Two-way floors: Two-way slab – DETAIL
Meeting between a beam and a two-way slab with lost blocks and removable cassette
Source: CYPE Ingenieros S.A.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

56. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Two-way floors: Two-way slab – DETAIL
Meeting between an interior beam and a two-way slab with lost blocks and removable cassette
Source: CYPE Ingenieros S.A.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

57. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Two-way floors: Two-way slab – DETAIL
Meeting between an interior beam and a two-way slab with lost blocks and removable cassette
Source: CYPE Ingenieros S.A.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

58. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Flat slabs – RC Solid slabs
Solid Slab or Flat Slab is called that when the concrete occupies the entire thickness of the slab.
They have nerves in one (one-way) or two directions (two-way), meshes and reinforcing bars.
The thickness is low: from 10 to 18 cm. maximum. They´re heavy (2,500 kg/m²), with low
thermal and acoustic insulation, being an excellent transmitter of vibrations.
They´re used for small spans, as overhangs/cantilevers, or on inclined slabs for stairs, where
regular one or two way joist slabs are difficult to build.
Due to the punching, the meeting between flat slabs and columns could be through capitals
and drops.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

59. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Flat slabs – RC Solid slabs
Sometimes, due to the punching, the meeting between flat slabs and columns could be
through a capital and a drop panel, when the span slab is large.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

60. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Flat slabs – RC Solid slabs
Meeting between an one-way slab with a cantiléver flat slab (solid RC slab)
Source: CYPE Ingenieros S.A.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

61. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Flat slabs – RC Solid slabs
Meeting between an one-way slab with a flat slab (stair begining or landing)
Source: CYPE Ingenieros S.A.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

62. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Flat slabs – RC Solid slabs
Meeting between an two-way slab with a cantiléver flat slab (solid RC slab)
Source: CYPE Ingenieros S.A.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

63. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Flat slabs – RC Solid slabs
Meeting between an two-way slab with a flat slab (stair begining or landing)
Source: CYPE Ingenieros S.A.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

64. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Flat slabs – RC Solid slabs – inclined Slabs – Stairs and Ramps
Start in a building footing
Source: CYPE Ingenieros S.A.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

65. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Flat slabs – RC Solid slabs – inclined Slabs – Stairs and Ramps
Start in a building raft
Source: CYPE Ingenieros S.A.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

66. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Flat slabs – RC Solid slabs – inclined Slabs – Stairs and Ramps
Start in an own footing
Source: CYPE Ingenieros S.A.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

67. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Flat slabs – RC Solid slabs – inclined Slabs – Stairs and Ramps
Start/end in a floor beam
Source: CYPE Ingenieros S.A.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

68. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Flat slabs – RC Solid slabs – inclined Slabs – Stairs and Ramps
Start/End of run at landing
Source: CYPE Ingenieros S.A.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

69. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Flat slabs – RC Solid slabs – inclined Slabs – Stairs and Ramps
Full stair inclined solid slab detail
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

70. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Flat slabs – RC Solid slabs – inclined Slabs – Stairs and Ramps
Full stair inclined solid slab detail
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

71. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Flat slabs – RC Solid slabs – inclined Slabs – Stairs and Ramps
Curved incline slab
Source: CYPE Ingenieros S.A.
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

72. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
Bibliography (Slabs for floors)
AMBROSE, J. & TRIPENY, P. (2011), Building Structures (3rd Edition): John Wiley & Sons, Inc., ISBN: 9780470542606
CLARKE, L. A. & COPE, R. J.(1990), Concrete Slabs: Analysis and design: CRC Press (Taylor & Francis Group),
ISBN: 978-0853342540.
CR (2017), 16 Different types of slabs in construction | Where to use?: Civil Read Website.
https://civilread.com/16-different-types-slabs-construction/
DHIR, R. K. & MUNDAY, J. G. L. (1980), Advances in Concrete Slab Technology: Elsevier – Pargamon.
ISBN: 9781483188652.
KNAPTON, J. (2003), Ground bearing concrete slabs: Specification, design, construction and behavior: ICE
Publishing (Thomas Telford Ltd), UK. https://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/isbn/9780727737854
KOEL, L. (2015), Concrete Formwork: Amer Technical Pub. (ATP), ISBN-13: 978-0826907103.
OBERLENDER, G. D. & PEURIFOY, R. L. (2010), Formwork for Concrete Structures: McGraw-Hill Education.
ASIN: B004BKIFAC.
PARK, R. & GAMBLE, W. L. (2000), Reinforced Concrete Slabs: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., USA.
RAMAMUTHAM, S. (2010), Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures: Dhanpat Rai Publishing Co Pvt Ltd.
ISBN: 9788187433125.
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA

73. Building Construction
Dr. Ignacio Javier PALMA CARAZO
‫ﺷﻛﺭﺍ‬
Gracias
Thanks
Danke
Grazie
Merci
謝謝
Благодарю вас
eskerrik asko
4. Flats in Floor and Roof
Ignacio
Javier PALM
A
CARAZO
ARC/CADD/DAU/KSA