ZIGBEE NETWORKS

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
ZIGBEE NETWORKS
PRESENTED BY:
NAIMISH PATEL(140053111017)

AGENDA
 Basic ZigBee overview
 802.15.4 basics
 Architecture of Zigbee
 ZigBee Profiles
 Historical necessity of ZigBee
 Technical trend and application examples of ZigBee
COPYRIGHT © 2012 DSR CORPORATIONCOPYRIGHT © 2012 DSR CORPORATION 22

OBJECTIVES
 Understand 802.15.4 basics
 Understand Zigbee basics and applications
 Understand Zigbee basic architecture
 Understand Zigbee most common issues.

Embedded Systems Software Training CenterEmbedded Systems Software Training Center
COPYRIGHT © 2012 DSR CORPORATIONCOPYRIGHT © 2012 DSR CORPORATION
BASIC ZIGBEE OVERVIEWBASIC ZIGBEE OVERVIEW

BASIC ZIGBEE OVERVIEWBASIC ZIGBEE OVERVIEW
 ZigBee is a specification for a high level protocol stack using small, low-
power and low-cost radios. It based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard for
Personal Area Network.
 ZigBee standard maintained be ZigBee Alliance (www.zigbee.org)
 Usually vendors of ZigBee devices use system-on-chip (SoC) solutions
with integrated radio and 60-250KB of flash memory.
 ZigBee data transmission rate varies from 20 to 900kbits.
 For non-commercial purposes, the ZigBee specification is available free to
the general public. An entry level membership in the ZigBee Alliance
( Adopter ), provides access to draft specifications and permission to create
products for market using the specifications.
 The requirements for membership in the ZigBee Alliance causes problems
for open-source developers because the annual fee conflicts with the GNU
GPL

802.15.4 basics802.15.4 basics
 IEEE 802.15.4 specifies physical and MAC layer of low-rate WPANs.
 It could be and it used as a basis for different protocols and standards.
ZigBee, ISA100.11a, MiWi etc.
IEEE 802.15.4 specification:
802 = networking group
15 = wireless network
4 = low data rate consuming less power

 It operates one of the following bands:
868.0-868.6 MHz: Europe, allows one communication channel
902-928 MHz: North America, up to ten channels (2003), extended to thirty
(2006)
2400-2483.5 MHz: worldwide use, up to sixteen channels (2003, 2006)

 It could use both amplitude and phase keying
 Has guaranteed time-slots.
 Uses network beaconing.
 Has no routing mechanism, so, only star and peer-to-peer allowed.
 And the main: Most of the applications often uses only part of 802.15.4
that is suitable for their purposes.

ZIGBEE ARCHITECTUREZIGBEE ARCHITECTURE

Full Function Device (FFD)
■ Capable of being the PAN Coordinator
■ Implements processing of “Association Request”
■ Implements processing of “Orphan Notification”
■ Implements processing of “Start Request”
■ Implements processing of “Disassociation Notification”
Reduced Function Device (RFD)
■ Can only associate and communicate with a FFD
■ Reduced stack removes optional components

 Mac layer: controlling media, basic rf transmitting/receiving.
 Network (NWK) layer: Routing, addressing, discovery and join.
 APS layer: Bridge between NWK and upper layers. Binding tables,
separate addressing scheme etc.
 ZDO layer: Different OTA stack parameters management.
 Application/Profiles: Profiles and customer's application.
ARCHITECTURE OF ZIGBEEARCHITECTURE OF ZIGBEE

MAC LAYERMAC LAYER
The MAC frame structure has been designed to keep the complexity to a
minimum while making the system sufficiently robust for transmissions on a
noisy channel.
The IEEE 802.15.4 MAC defines four frame structures:
· A beacon frame, used by a coordinator to transmit beacons.
· A data frame, used for all transfers of data.
· An acknowledgment frame, used for confirming successful frame reception.
· A MAC command frame, used for handling all MAC

NWK LAYERNWK LAYER
NWK layer handles network addressing and routing by invoking actions from
MAC layer.
 Starting the network.
 Assigning network addresses.
 Adding/removing devices to/from network.
 Routing messages to the intended destination
 Applying security to the incoming/outgoing messages.
 Discovery and store routing information

APS LAYERAPS LAYER
 APS layer responsible for communication with relevant applications and
endpoints. As well as for managing binding table.
Here's significant application concepts:
 A node may have several applications running on it - for example, a node
in an environment monitoring network may be measuring temperature and
humidity, each of which is an application. These application instances on a
node are said to be endpoints, where messages can originate and terminate.
 In order to route messages arriving at the node to the appropriate
application, each application on the node must be uniquely identified and is
given an endpoint address. Endpoint addresses for user applications are
numbered from 1 to 240. Therefore, to identify a particular application
instance in a ZigBee network, you need to supply the relevant network
address and then the required endpoint address on the node.
 Endpoint address 255 can also be used. This is the broadcast endpoint
address

ZIGBEE CLUSTER LIBRARY (ZCL)ZIGBEE CLUSTER LIBRARY (ZCL)
Cluster is a structure of message or the message itself. Most of the clusters have
pair. For example for input and output messages.
ZigBee cluster library, a set of common clusters and attributes used across
multiple application profiles.

ZDO LAYERZDO LAYER
 Endpoint address 0 on each node is reserved for a special application called
the ZDO (ZigBee Device Objects). This application has a number of roles,
including defining the type of node (Co-ordinator, Router or End Device),
initialising the node and participating in network creation.

ZIGBEEZIGBEE APPLICATIONAPPLICATION
PROFILESPROFILES

The current list of application profiles either published, or in the works are:
Released specifications
ZigBee Home Automation
ZigBee Smart Energy 1.0
ZigBee Telecommunication Services
ZigBee Health Care
ZigBee RF4CE - Remote Control
Specifications under development
ZigBee Smart Energy 2.0
ZigBee Building Automation
ZigBee Retail Services
ZigBee Light Link
.
APPLICATION PROFILES

HISTORICAL NECESSITY OF ZIGBEEHISTORICAL NECESSITY OF ZIGBEE

 Mesh Networking Technology
Self-healing mesh networks
Low cost, long battery life, good range, secure
 Open Global Standard
2.4GHz is unlicensed, available Worldwide
Anyone can join the ZigBee Alliance
 Where can ZigBee fit?
 Secure, reliable, Personal Area Networks for sensor, control and low
bandwidth data communications.
It’s a low power wireless technology that's ideal for new and old infrastructures.
It can have range between 10m and 2km (with PA) Scalable Networking
solutions
WHY ZIGBEE?WHY ZIGBEE?

BLUETOOTH VS. WIFI VS. ZIGBEE VS. OTHERS

TECHNICAL TRENDS ANDTECHNICAL TRENDS AND
APPLICATION EXAMPLESAPPLICATION EXAMPLES

TECHNICAL TRENDS
The main trend in Zigbee development is improving power management and
stack interoperability. These features called Smart Energy 2.0.
The Smart Energy 2.0 effort was launched in 2008 to offer IP-based HAN
functionality. It will address the following emerging market requirements:
Supports any transport layer based on IETF IP compliant standards, including
but not limited to ZigBee IP, other RF-based and Power Line Carrier (PLC)-based
transports
Support internationally recognized standards to ensure long-term
interoperability with multiple technologies

The ZigBee home area network standard already has lots of challengers (Z-
Wave, Wi-Fi, and HomePlug to name just three). Now it faces an assault from
the biggest, baddest billion-dollar bully of them all – Google.
Google recently announced it will create its own home networking standard
as part of its Android@Home initiative
TECHNICAL TRENDS

THANK YOU

ZIGBEE NETWORKS

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