The document discusses a project on a Zigbee-based intelligent helmet for coal miners, designed to enhance safety by monitoring environmental parameters like temperature, humidity, and gas levels. The helmet utilizes wireless communication to alert users and notify base stations of potential dangers, using sensors and a microcontroller for real-time data processing. This project, guided by IEEE 802.15.4 standards, aims to improve safety measures for coal miners by providing continuous monitoring and early warnings of hazardous conditions.

1. A MAJOR PROJECT SEMINAR ON
ZIG BEE BASED INTELLIGENT HELMET FOR
COAL MINERS
Under The Guidance Of
Y. Sowmya Indu
Asst. Prof
by
B.SURENDR (08QK1A0451)
J.PRAVEEN (08QK1A0427)
K.VENKATESH (08QK1A0456)
MD .FAROOQ (08QK1A0401)

2. COAL MINERS:
 The persons who are working in the coal mining has to face
various environmental parameters in their mining.
 They have the danger from the methane, carbon monoxide,
and temperature.
 So we need to provide a strong security for the people who
are working in the coal mining.
 The purpose of this project is to provide a solution to mining a
wireless communication and safety monitoring.
 The person must use the helmet while working in the coal
mining.
 Here we have to arrange our total circuit within the kit to
provide saftey to the person who is working in coal mining.

3.  Here we are going to use zig-bee technology and 3 sensors like
temperature , humidity and gas sensor.
 3 sensors will observe the change in environment parameters and
they will give the information to micro controller .
 Then micro controller will Verify this values up to date, if any of the
value exceeds than rated it will alert to person through the buzzer.
 This information is passed to the base station through the zig -bee
module.
 Then the department at the base station will take saftey precautions
to safe the persons who are working in the coal mining.

4.  It is a new wireless technology guided by IEEE 802.15.4
 It is currently operates 2.4 GHZ in worldwide at a maximum data
rate up to 250kbps.
 One of the major advantage is provide noise free for
communication.
There are 3 different zigbee devices
are there.
1. the zigBee coordinator node.
2. The full function device FFD.
3. The reduced function device RFD.
ZIGBEE HAS 3 TYPICAL TRAFFIC
TYPES
1. Data is periodic
2. Data is intermittent.
3. Data is recitative.

5.  Low power consumption.
 Battery life ranging from months to years.
 High security
 Applicable for up to 30 feet distance.
 Provide noise free for communication.

6. BATTERY
SUPPLY ZIG BEE
MMA-
76660L MICRO
CONTROLLER ZIG BEE
HUMIDITY
SENSOR
METHANE
SENSOR
LCD
BUZZER

7. LCD
POWER SUPPLY
Temperature Sensor
Buzzer
Max 232
Temperature sensor
Smoke sensor
Micro controller
ADC

8. LCD
 These are less in price
 They consumes less power. A
seven segment display requires
140W.
 Operating voltage is 3-20V
 Life time is limited to 50,000
hours
 It has 10 I/O lines.
 This LCD consist of two glass
plates each coated with the tin
oxide, inside with transparent
electrodes separated by a liquid
crystal layer of 5um.

10. HUMIDITY SENSOR
 Humidity sensors are gaining more
significance in diverse areas of
measurement and controlling
technology.
 The amount of the water presented
in the air is nothing but the
humidity.
 Specifications:
 1. rated voltage - 1 v ac
 2. rated power - 0.22 Mw
 3. Operating temperature - 0-60
degrees.

11.  Buzzer is a signaling device, usually
electronic, typically used in automobiles.
 It mostly consist of a number of switches
or sensors connected to a control unit.
 These buzzers are offered in lightweight
compact sizes from the smallest diameter
of 12mm to large Pezos electric sounders.
 Today, piezoelectric sound components are
used in many ways such as home
appliances, OA equipment, audio
equipment telephones, etc. types of
Buzzers as shown.

12.  A standard serial interface for PC, RS232C, requires
negative logic, i.e., logic 1 is -3V to -12V and logic 0 is
+3V to +12V.
 To convert TTL logic, say, TxD and RxD pins of the
microcontroller thus need a converter chip. A MAX232
chip has long been using in many microcontrollers
boards. It is a dual RS232 receiver / transmitter that
meets all RS232 specifications while using only +5V
power supply.
 It has four level translators, two of which are RS232
transmitters that convert TTL/CMOS input levels into
+9V RS232 outputs.
 The other two level translators are RS232 receivers that
convert RS232 input to 5V. Typical MAX232 circuit is
shown below.

13.  The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit
temperature sensors, whose output voltage is
linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade)
temperature.
 The LM35 thus has an advantage over linear
temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the
user is not required to subtract a large constant
voltage from its output to obtain convenient
centigrade scaling.
 The LM35 does not require any external
calibration or trimming to provide typical
accuracies of 1/4 C at room temperature and
3/4 C over a full -55 to +150 C temperature
range.

14. Smoke Detector
 Smoke detector is a device that detects
smoke and issues an alarm.
 Two common types of smoke detector
 1. Ionization smoke detector
 2.the photoelectric smoke detector
 The smoke detectors are both used to
detect fire , but not the same type of
fire.
 Photoelectric smoke detectors are faster
in detecting smoldering fires.
 Ionization smoke detectors are better at
detecting flaming fires .

15. PIN DIAGRAM OF MICRO CONTROLLER(AT89S52)
 FOUR PORTS.
 EIGHT INTERRUPT
SOURCES.
 LOW POWER
COSUMPTION.
 HIGH
PERFORMANCE.
 4V TO 5.5V
OPERATING
RANGE.
 256K INTERNAL
RAM.
 32 PROGRAMMABLE
I/O LINES.
 Three 16 BIT
TIMERS/ COUNTERS.

16. ADC 0808
 Generally the output from the Sensors are in the form of
the analog form, so we need to convert it in to digital
form
 That’s why we are going to use ADC.
 it is generally used to convert the analog signal to digital
signal.
 There are different methods to produce analog signal from
the digital signal
 The following are the methods to produce Digital signal
from analog signal
1. digital ramp ADC
2. Successive Approximation ADC
3. Flash ADC

17.  5V DC Supply given from the Battery for The Micro controller
and LCD
 Three sensors (temperature, humidity ,gas sensor are sensing
the environment continuously.
 This gives output in analog form where ADC convert it into
digital , that will be given to micro controller.
 The micro controller verify this values , if any parameter
exceeds then it will alert the buzzer.
 The Resultant Information is passed to the control unit through
the zib bee.
 The corresponding action takes place there only.

18.  ADVANTAGES:
 Safety monitoring of the environment.
 Improved Services in coal mining .
 Providing Wireless connection security
 Faster Checked Out/In
 Prevent from the high temperature, humidity and harmful gases
 Quick Searching and can able to give the warning.
 Cost Avoidance.
 APPLICATIONS:
 Can be applied to the persons who are working in the underground.
 Can be applied at any weather Conditions.

19. The project “Zigbee Based
Intelligent Helmet for Coal Miners”
has been successfully designed and
tested.