1. Sarah Sa ChuLa 11080330
Cherry Chan Man Yi 11089271
Anna Li Fei 11080392
Caroline Lei Yu Qi 11103728

3. After the written form has appeared
to some extent
written from contributes to the
world we are living in

4. SPEECH VS WRITING
FORGIVING(TRANSITENT ) PK UNFORGIVEING( PERMANENT)

5. PARALINGUISTIC VS PUCTUATED
For example
When I say : “What a good thing you have done!“
ANGRY
HOWEVER
I said angrily : “what a good thing
you have done Or
I said: “What a “good” things I you
have done”
Paralinguistic means using pause, intonation as
well as stress ….to express meaning that mostly
can not achieved by written form.

6. REDUNDANCY VS CONCISE
In spoken form :she would say:
“Mom , I got the medal ,I mean,
I got the medal , medal ………”
In written form :The girl repeatedly
said to her mom that she got the
medal.

7. UNDER- LEXICALISED (TRANSPARENT ) VS
LEXICALISED ( DENSE)
When we describing a girl
In oral language In written language
She is a beautiful girl who
have a long blonde hair
and she has a lot of good
characters .
She is a beautiful girl who
have long blonde hair with a
lot of good characters.

8. ADDITIVE( FUZZY ) VS LESS
ADDITIVE( PRECISE )
In speaking In writing
She is aggressive ,so her
boyfriend left her and she
become mad and she go to
The mental hospital .
Since she is aggressive ,her
boyfriend left him ,making her mad
and going to hospital .

9. INTERACTIVE(INVOLVED ) VS LESS-
INTERACTIVE(DETACHED)
MOSTLY
FOR
ESTABLISHING
CONTACT
MORE INVOLVEMENT
WITH LISTENNER
BUT
FOR CONVEYING
EXPRESSION
RELATIVELY DETACHED AND
IMPERSONAL

10. OTHER – PACED VS SELF –
PACED
ENOUGH TIME
OWN SPACE
LIMITED TIME
SHARED SPACE

11. CONTEXTUALISED VS ATONOMOUS
Generally
In spoken form In written form
The speaker know
somewhat about your
listener .
Then , interpersonal
meaning should be
established is grasped .
In this way , the speaker
is put into a context
which is greatly helpful to
decide the
interpersonal relationship
The writer mostly know little
about the reader ,
Then , interpersonal
meaning should be
established is difficult to be
grasped by writer .
In this way , the writer is
absence from context which
is greatly helpful to decide
the interpersonal
relationship .

12. LESS FORMULIC VS FORMULIC
ILLOGICAL VS LOGYCAL
INFORMAL VS FORMAL

14. They are meaningless words, phrases, or
sound that mark a pause or hesitation in
speech (Nordquist, 2006).

15. Filler Sounds — e.g. er, erm, ah, mmm
Filler Words – e.g. actually, like, okay, right
Filler Phrases – e.g. “I think that”, “you know”,
“ I mean”

16. Intensifiers are the boosters. Their purpose
is to intensify the degree of an adjective or
an adverb (Gerald, 2013).

17. Tom: How’s the film?
Mary:
That’s very interesting.
That’s very, very interesting.
That’s extremely interesting.
That’s amazingly interesting.
That’s scarily interesting.
That’s quite interesting.
That’s bit interesting.
(Rashid, 2008)

18. They are phrases such as and stuff, and
things, or something, or and all that.
(Sali & Derek, 2010)

19. Tom: What do you wanna eat for lunch?
Mary: um… French fries or whatever.
(Sali & Derek, 2010).

20. Hedges are words that make the meaning of
the following word less forceful and vague
(Nordquist, 2006).

21. Tom: Will you go to Nancy’s birthday party?
Mary: No. That’s a bit odd. We’re just classmates.
You go?
Tom: I may go.
(Nordquist, 2006)

22. People put the main clause at the beginning
of a sentence and followed by clauses or
phrases that modify the main clause.
(WIikipedia2012)

23. e.g.
Tom: Where did u go yesterday?
Karen: I went to the movies yesterday, bought
Christmas gift, and shopped at the supermarket.
e.g.
Ken: How’s your assignment?
Sally: I finally finished my assignment after many long
nights and a lot of hard work.

24. It is the omission of words or phrases
without missing the meaning and
understanding (Nordquist, 2006). It can:
1.transport a casual and informal tone
2.avoid redundancies

25. e.g.
Mum: Nancy, please help me sweep the floor.
Nancy: Why me! Tom can (sweep the floor), too.
e.g.
Mary: How many languages can you speak?
Tom: I can speak six (languages)!
(Nordquist, 2006)

26. It is the omission of sounds or not pronounce
some syllables in a speech (Richard, 2006).
It can:
make people speak faster in a natural way

27. Words/ Phrases Pronunciation in spoken language
I don’t know I duno
I want to I wanna
Chocolate choc-lat
History his-tree
Family fam-lee

28. How about “ I’m going to’’?

30. Real Speech:
1) Real means authentic and natural.
2) A real speech is what happens in real time, not
after preparation or planning.
3)It’s what people actually say in daily
circumstances, such as conversation or dialogue.

31. Real Writing:
1) Writing takes times of revision, polishing and
editing before being read or published
2) Real refers to “literary” or “serious”. “Literate”
indicates Edited Written English (EWE), which
is also known as standardized English (Elbow,
2012).

32. Those choices are not prescriptively or
grammatically wrong or right, they are related
to appropriacy descriptively (Eggins, 1994).

33. There are two types of audiences for both:
Speech: speaker and listener
Writing: writer and reader

34. Each participant has a double identity of both
a speaker and an audience.
Target audience with a variation in age,
gender, professions, life experiences

35. Explicit markers :
1) In a professional conference
Host : “I think Mr. Cooper can explain it for us.”
2) In some daily situations
“What do you think, Leonard?”
Whether the topic is “safe” or not depend on the
participants in the conversation and the culture
(Crystal, 2005).

36. The target readers’ different ages, positions,
literacy levels, and regions, etc.
Writers already have an imaginary reader in
mind before writing (Wang, 2011).

37. Sometimes textbooks mix the two forms up
and show a misleading picture(Wang, 2011).
During the course of a speech, learners tend to
use some academic vocabulary and
complicated sentence structures.
Causal words in writing influenced by popular
phrases on the internet or in daily life

38. Two main forms of transforming one language
to another:
Translation and Interpreting

39. Emphasize on instantaneity.
Interpreters also reveal the features of real
speech naturally during interpretation, such as
fillers, corrections or pauses.

40. The translator ponders deeply over :
1) the word choice; sentence structures
2) Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegancy.
aim: to best convey the original meaning.

42. writingspeech
email, written speech, play script

43. The features of emails
Writing
Permanent
allowing a repeated
drafting
Speech
Dynamic
using paralinguistic
tools(facial
expressions)
loosely structured

44. Dynamic
using paralinguistic tools(facial expressions)
loosely structured

45. Writing
organized
Speech
Interactive
Time-bound
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UF8uR6Z6
KLc
Video: Steve Jobs' 2005 Stanford
Commencement Address

46. Writing
 Organized
 readers are distant
introduction of characters
and scenes, the prologue,
acts, the end
Speech
 Loosely constructed,
 informal
 Use of intonation

47.  Organized
 readers are
distant

48.  Loosely constructed,
 informal
 Use of intonation

49. Which feature does not belong to an email?
A.allow a repeated drafting
B.use paralinguistic tools
C.loosely structured
D.static