Phonology and Morphology Syntax Pronounciation Practices

1. Phonology & Morphology
Review Syntax
Pronunciation Practice
22 March 2014
Mariana DeLuca, Gilmara Johnson,
Carolyn Singleton, Stacy Feldstein

2. Phonology Review

3. 1. What kinds of words frequently occur in a
reduced form in natural speech?
Unaccented function words, part of phrase
(not used in formal speech/writing)
• going to = gonna
• want to = wanna
• ought to = outta
• should have = shouldda
• … of = kinda, sortta

4. 2. What types of utterance have a rising
intonation pattern?
Yes/No Questions
• Are you going to the party?
• I don’t speak Chinese... do you?
• Would you like some coffee?
http://usefulenglish.ru/phonetics/rising-
intonation

5. 2. http://usefulenglish.ru/phonetics/rising-intonation

6. 3. What is an activity that could help ELLs
identify word stress patterns in English?
Noun/verb? Using part of speech
• present
o May I present my latest work? (••)
o This is a great present. (••)
• record
o I want to record my new song. (••)
o He didn’t have a record of my call. (••)
export, contract, object, report, conduct, desert, suspect

7. 4. If an ELL consistently pronounces [z] as [s], how can a teacher help the
student learn to correct the error? http://www.grammar.cl/engli
pronunciation-final-s.htm

8. 5. What is one sound in English that is typically problematic for speakers of
each of the following languages?
a. Arabic
• pronounce /r/ as [ɹ]
• Speakers tend to have difficulty pronouncing /p/.
b. Spanish
• merge /tʃ/ with /ʃ/, and /dʒ, ʒ/ with /j/, /ð/ and /d/,/v/ and /b/
• often a word beginning with [s] + consonant will obtain an epenthetic vowel
(typically [e̞]) to make stomp pronounced [e̞sˈto̞mp] rather than [sto̞mp]
c. Mandarin
the absence of the English sound such as /v/, and /th/ (Students may
pronounce /v/ as /w/ in a word like "very", and may pronounce /th/ as /s/ or
/z/ in words such as "tooth", "they" etc.)

9. Syntax

10. SYNTAX AND
SEMANTICS:SENTENCE
PATTERNS OF LANGUAGE AND
HOW WE “MEAN WHAT WE SAY”
Stacy Feldstein, M.A.T.

11. Semantics
◻ study of:
⬜ Meaning
⬜ Idioms

12. Semantics
◻ study of meaning
⬜ table

13. Semantics◻ Idioms (Non-literal expressions)

14. Semantics
◻ Figurative Language
⬜ I’ve told you a million times to clean your room!
⬜ Her head was spinning from all the new
information.
⬜ Think outside the box!

15. " The part of grammar that represents a
speaker's knowledge of sentences and
their structures..." (p. 77)
What is syntax?

16. Syntax
◻ sentence formation
◻ study of sentence structure

17. p. 78-79
"The captain ordered all old men and women
off the sinking ship."
Ambiguity

18. What do we know about English syntax?
◻ Subject-Verb-Object: a grammatical sentence
◻ The President nominated a new Supreme Court
justice.

19. What do we know about English syntax?
◻ An ungrammatical sentence:
◻ *President the new Supreme justice Court a
nominated. Rules of syntax are
imbedded in our
minds and guide us
subconsciously to
group words into
meaningful phrases
and sentences!

20. Grammatical or Ungrammatical?
◻ The boy found.
◻ The boy found quickly.
◻ The boy found in the house.
◻ The boy found the ball.
▪ Dina slept the baby
▪ Dina slept soundly.

21. Lexical Categories in English
◻ Nouns (person, place, or thing)
◻ Verbs (express action or being)
◻ Adjectives (describe nouns)
◻ Adverbs (describe adjectives and verbs)
◻ Determiners (the = definite article, a, an= indef.
article)
◻ Prepositions (express location and function)
⬜ to, for, in, on, at, of with

22. p. 82
Diagramming

23. p. 92
Diagramming, continued

24. Diagramming, continued

25. Grammatical relations of sentences
What's the subject? What's the direct object?

26. Grammatical relations of sentences
What's the subject? What's the direct object?
How will rearranging them change meaning?
◻ Your dog chased my cat.
◻ My cat chased your dog.

27. Arranging words to create meaning
The Mad Hatter of Alice in Wonderland
1. I mean what I say.
2. I say what I mean.

28. English Syntax
◻ Declarative (statements)
⬜ S-V-O
■ I eat pizza.
◻ Interrogative (questions)
⬜ Modal verb – subject – verb – object ?
■ Does Tara eat pizza?
◻ Adjectives are placed before nouns:
⬜ hot pizza

29. Syntactical Difficulties for ELLs
◻ Question formation
◻ Adjective placement
◻ Modal verbs (do, will, could, would)
◻ Passive voice
⬜ The cake was eaten.

30. Test questions on syntax
(1,4,6,7,8,9,10,94,106)