The document discusses key concepts about language including definitions, the nature and attributes of language, and strategies for effective oral language. It defines language as a system of symbols used to convey thought from one person to another. It also discusses that language is dynamic, words have multiple meanings, and meanings exist in people's minds rather than in words themselves. Language is influenced by culture and time. Effective oral language should be clear, direct, appropriate for the audience and occasion, and vivid through the use of imagery.

1. LANGUAGE

2. LANGUAGE
introduction to

3. LANGUAGE
Hughes: “system of arbitrary symbols
by which thought is conveyed
from one human being to another”

4. LANGUAGE
DeVito: “language is the code,
the system of symbols,
utilized in the construction
of verbal message”

5. LANGUAGE VERSUS SPEECH
WHAT IS SPEECH?
Knower: “the ongoing multi-symbolic
behaviour in social situations carried
on to achieve communication”

6. LANGUAGE VERSUS SPEECH
LANGUAGE
WRITTENORAL(language of conversation
and speechmaking

7. LANGUAGE
nature of

8. Words are
only symbols
Meanings are
in people,
not in words
Language is
dynamic
Words have
many types of
meanings
LANGUAGE
nature of

9. only symbols
words are
Words represent and
substitute for things.

10. TRIANGLE OF MEANING
(Ogden and Richards, 1923)

12. people, not in words
meanings are in
You are the
communicator

13. Use words to create desired meanings
in your receiver
Words can be interpreted differently
by different people.
Meanings do not inhabit words,
they are set by the individual who
perceives the word
Task as communicators:

14. Diversity of Meanings
in words
Did you know that “set” is
word with the most
number of meanings?
Noun: 58
Verb: 126
Adjective: 10
Dr. Lllia Antonio says that
“labas” has 74 different
meanings

15. Because of this, you must
not only consider your
interpretation of the word,
but also the meaning the
communicator is trying to
get through

16. • Meanings are created
in the minds of the
people
• Must be shared to
facilitate
understanding
Meanings

17. is dynamic
language
Change is a fact

18. Some reasons for the growth and decline
of language:
• Changing societal needs
• Erosion of old customs
• Call for elegance
DynamicStaticWords: Meanings:
Some meanings of old words are
different from their meanings today

19. Language is a
function of time

20. To be or not to be; That is the question
Whether ‘tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
And by opposing end them?
William Shakespeare’s Hamlet

21. Well, frankly, the problem as I see it
At this moment in times whether I
Should just lie down under all this hassle
And let them walk all over me.
Or whether I should just say OK
I get the message and do myself in.
Prince Charles’ modern version

22. New situations create new meanings
• Biased, Sexist, or narrow-minded terms are
removed
• Place can affect how the listener processes the
words
• Communicators should be aware on how these
difference affect the word’s meaning
Language is a function of culture

23. types of meanings
words have many
Words are understood
how they were defined

24. 1.denotation - literal, precise, dictionary meaning
2. connotation -subjective, figurative, and variable
meaning
3.structural - dependent on the total arrangement
and sequence of words
4.contextual - linguistic and nonlinguistic factors
surrounding the words
5. sound - derived from the way the words are
spoken
Types of meanings

25. LANGUAGE
attributes of
EFFECTIVE ORAL

26. LANGUAGE
EFFECTIVE ORAL
clarity
directness
approriate-
ness
vividness
attributes of

27. LANGUAGE
EFFECTIVE ORAL
isCLEAR
Attributes of clarity:
1. Correctness
2. Accuracy
3. Simplicity
4. Understandability

28. • Correctness
 Grammar
 Syntax
• Accuracy
• Precise word choice
 Know the meaning that is being conveyed
 Use a dictionary or thesaurus
 Avoid/limit using “all-purpose words”, abstract words,
and exaggerations

29. • Simplicity
 Avoid verbosity or wordiness
 Short and simple sentence construction
 Avoid tautology and redundancy
• Understandability
 Define terms
 Avoid using technical jargons
 Avoid using slang
 Carefully use foreign words

30. LANGUAGE
EFFECTIVE ORAL
isDIRECT
& CONVERSATIONAL
Speaking orally or delivering a speech
involves a live audience.

31. A speaker in such circumstances should
have a speech that is instantly intelligible.
Simple words should be used to enable your
audience to comprehend quickly, and easily.

32. Blankenship suggest that the language used
must be oral in style
Suggestions to achieve oral style:
1. Use shorter words, replacing polysyllabic words.
2. Use personal pronouns
3. Use contradictions that are abbreviated
4. Use shorter sentence length.
5. Use simple but graphic words.

33. 6. Use direct and rhetorical questions.
7. Employ idiomatic expressions.
8. Use the active voice rather than the passive voice.
9. More repetitions and restatements must be used.
10.Confront your audience, and refer to them more
directly.
Suggestions to achieve oral style:

34. LANGUAGE
EFFECTIVE ORAL
is
APPROPRIATE
to the listeners (audience),
the occasion,
the speech purpose,
& speaker’s personality

35. 1.EOL is appropriate to your audience.
ADAPT TO YOUR AUDIENCE.
a.Consider their needs, attitudes, interests, knowledge
b.Use words that they’ll understand
c.Audience analysis helps determine whether your
speech is informal or formal.
d.What comprises the age of your audience may affect
your language.
e.Be considerate of both your audience and the people
you talk about
f. Never use obscene language.

36. 2. EOL is appropriate to the occasion. Measure
the degree of formality of the speech occasion
because situation and circumstances affect your
language style.
3. EOL must be appropriate to the speech
purpose. Shifting to a more appropriate language
style according to your purpose is the key.

37. 4. EOL is appropriate to the speaker.
BE CAREFUL WITH YOUR CHOICE OF WORDS
The words you choose reflect your character
and attitude, as well as the background you
had. But use words you’re comfortable with

38. LANGUAGE
EFFECTIVE ORAL
isVIVID
Colorful language that appeals to the
senses enlivens the speech.

39. Vividness may be achieved through
the use of imagery.
These word pictures or images
produce powerful feelings in the
listeners’ mind.

42. VISUAL
IMAGERY

43. AUDITORY
IMAGERY

44. GUSTATORY
IMAGERY

45. OLFACTORY
IMAGERY

46. TACTUAL
IMAGERY

47. KINESTHETIC
IMAGERY

48. ORGANIC
IMAGERY

49. CONCLUSION

50. LANGUAGE
Language is an integral part of
culture and society.
It is the system of symbols human
beings utilize in the construction of
verbal messages

51. and

52. WHY STUDY LANGUAGE?
Language makes up the foundation
of the audience's understanding of
your speech.

53. The words you choose
(and not choose) and
how you deliver these
words is key in
speechmaking.

54. Strong language
skills are an asset
that will promote
a lifetime of
effective
communication.

55. Cabredo, Figueroa, Lioanag, Samson,Sare, Yu
GROUP 2
Source:
Practical Speech Fundamentals book

57. 1
Fill in the Blank.
Effective Oral Language is
appropriate to the ______,
the listeners, the speech
purpose, and speaker’s
personality

58. 2
True or False.
Contextual meaning is
meaning derived from the
way the words are spoken.

59. 3
Identification.
It is an attribute of clarity
achieved by avoiding
wordiness and using short
common words instead of
a long and unfamiliar one

60. 4
Give one
suggestion
to achieve oral
style.

61. 4
Give one
characteristic
(nature) of
language
5

62. 6
Multiple Choice.
Which among the statements is false
a. Both words and language are
dynamic
b. Language is a function of culture
c. Meanings are created in the
minds of the people
d. None of the above

63. 7
Supply the missing part.

64. 8
Describe in one sentence
any object using imagery.
Indicate the type
of imagery you used.

65. 49
10
Give a denotative
and connotative
meaning of the word
“LANGUAGE”