This document discusses Wi-Fi technology, including its history and standards, how Wi-Fi networks work, common network topologies, applications, security techniques and advantages/disadvantages. It introduces Wi-Fi as a wireless alternative to wired networks that uses radio technologies like 802.11b, 802.11a and 802.11g to transmit data at high speeds. Key components of a Wi-Fi network include access points and Wi-Fi cards. [/SUMMARY]
An open, unencrypted wireless network can 'sniff' or capture and record the traffic, gain unauthorized access to internal network resources as well as to the internet, and then use the information and resources to perform disruptive or illegal acts.Many laptop computers have wireless cards pre-installed. The ability to enter a network while mobile has great benefits. However, wireless networking is prone to some security. Wireless networks relatively easy to break into, and even use wireless technology to hack into wired networks.The risks to users of wireless technology have increased as the service has become more popular.As a result, it is very important that enterprises define effective wireless security policies that guard against unauthorized access to important resources.
This is the the technology which is very basic understanding on Wi- Fi technology..
What is Wi-Fi technology and how is working and also the advantages of wi-fi.....
An open, unencrypted wireless network can 'sniff' or capture and record the traffic, gain unauthorized access to internal network resources as well as to the internet, and then use the information and resources to perform disruptive or illegal acts.Many laptop computers have wireless cards pre-installed. The ability to enter a network while mobile has great benefits. However, wireless networking is prone to some security. Wireless networks relatively easy to break into, and even use wireless technology to hack into wired networks.The risks to users of wireless technology have increased as the service has become more popular.As a result, it is very important that enterprises define effective wireless security policies that guard against unauthorized access to important resources.
This is the the technology which is very basic understanding on Wi- Fi technology..
What is Wi-Fi technology and how is working and also the advantages of wi-fi.....
Access point or wireless router general questions tell youIT Tech
A wireless access point, or AP, adds Wi-Fi capability to a wired network by bridging traffic from workstations onto an Ethernet LAN.
A wireless router combines broadband router capabilities--such as acting as the gateway between the internet and a local area network--as well as wireless AP features, inside a single device.
...
linksys is a one of the most running well technology in networks..here's configuration steps of linksysy router who helps to understand a things easily and install in your system. ....
Member Name: Alvin Tse
Service Site: Pui Tak Center
Site Location: Chicago, IL
Project Description:
Alvin Tse spent his TechMission Corps service year with the Pui Tak Center in Chicago, IL. At Pui Tak Center, Alvin helped establish various tech based resources with a specific emphasis on online maintenance.
Alvin's final project is a PowerPoint presentation on the various functions of wireless networks. It details various types of networks and illustrates their functions.
LoRa application for detecting the harmful gasesPARNIKA GUPTA
Pick any technological problem statement, The Problem statement must solve using the technology the Internet of Things, Design the Solution for the problem and explain here the Protocols, Circuit Diagram and Algorithm for the same.
Ans.
• Technological problem statement:
Detection of harmful gases in air with cheap long range feasible solution and efficient controlling measures
A Simple presentation on Wi-Fi Technology. For all non-technical individuals for personal knowledge and information. Made for MIS (Management Information System) Subject in MBA (Masters in Business Administration)
SAP implementation (Systems, Applications & Products implementation) refers to the name of the German company SAP SE, and is the whole of processes that defines a complete method to implement the SAP ERP enterprise resource planning software in an organization. The SAP implementation method described in this entry is a generic method and not a specific implementation method as such. It is based on best practices and case studies from various literature sources and presents a collection of processes and products that make up a complete implementation method to allow any organization to plan and execute the implementation of SAP software.
Access point or wireless router general questions tell youIT Tech
A wireless access point, or AP, adds Wi-Fi capability to a wired network by bridging traffic from workstations onto an Ethernet LAN.
A wireless router combines broadband router capabilities--such as acting as the gateway between the internet and a local area network--as well as wireless AP features, inside a single device.
...
linksys is a one of the most running well technology in networks..here's configuration steps of linksysy router who helps to understand a things easily and install in your system. ....
Member Name: Alvin Tse
Service Site: Pui Tak Center
Site Location: Chicago, IL
Project Description:
Alvin Tse spent his TechMission Corps service year with the Pui Tak Center in Chicago, IL. At Pui Tak Center, Alvin helped establish various tech based resources with a specific emphasis on online maintenance.
Alvin's final project is a PowerPoint presentation on the various functions of wireless networks. It details various types of networks and illustrates their functions.
LoRa application for detecting the harmful gasesPARNIKA GUPTA
Pick any technological problem statement, The Problem statement must solve using the technology the Internet of Things, Design the Solution for the problem and explain here the Protocols, Circuit Diagram and Algorithm for the same.
Ans.
• Technological problem statement:
Detection of harmful gases in air with cheap long range feasible solution and efficient controlling measures
A Simple presentation on Wi-Fi Technology. For all non-technical individuals for personal knowledge and information. Made for MIS (Management Information System) Subject in MBA (Masters in Business Administration)
SAP implementation (Systems, Applications & Products implementation) refers to the name of the German company SAP SE, and is the whole of processes that defines a complete method to implement the SAP ERP enterprise resource planning software in an organization. The SAP implementation method described in this entry is a generic method and not a specific implementation method as such. It is based on best practices and case studies from various literature sources and presents a collection of processes and products that make up a complete implementation method to allow any organization to plan and execute the implementation of SAP software.
Network security consists of the policies adopted to prevent and monitor unauthorized access, misuse, modification, or denial of a computer network and network-accessible resources. Network security involves the authorization of access to data in a network, which is controlled by the network administrator.[citation needed] Users choose or are assigned an ID and password or other authenticating information that allows them access to information and programs within their authority. Network security covers a variety of computer networks, both public and private, that are used in everyday jobs; conducting transactions and communications among businesses, government agencies and individuals. Networks can be private, such as within a company, and others which might be open to public access. Network security is involved in organizations, enterprises, and other types of institutions. It does as its title explains: It secures the network, as well as protecting and overseeing operations being done. The most common and simple way of protecting a network resource is by assigning it a unique name and a corresponding password.
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RedTacton is a Human Area Networking technology/Wireless Network, which is developed by Robin Gaur Jind, that uses the surface of the human body as a safe, high speed network transmission path. It is completely distinct from wireless and infrared technologies as it uses the minute electric field emitted on the surface of the human body
Electronic voting (also known as e-voting) is voting using electronic means to record or count votes. Depending on the particular implementation, e-voting may encompass a range of Internet services, from a touchscreen kiosk at a polling station to voting online, and from a local-only solution to a networked system.
Steganography (US Listeni/ˌstɛ.ɡʌnˈɔː.ɡrʌ.fi/, UK /ˌstɛɡ.ənˈɒɡ.rə.fi/) is the practice of concealing a file, message, image, or video within another file, message, image, or video. The word steganography combines the Greek words steganos (στεγανός), meaning "covered, concealed, or protected", and graphein (γράφειν) meaning "writing"
A sensor node, also known as a mote (chiefly in North America), is a node in a sensor network that is capable of performing some processing, gathering sensory information and communicating with other connected nodes in the network. A mote is a node but a node is not always a mote.
Android is a mobile operating system (OS) currently developed by Google, based on the Linux kernel and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. Android's user interface is mainly based on direct manipulation, using touch gestures that loosely correspond to real-world actions, such as swiping...etc
An opto-electric nuclear battery is a device that converts nuclear energy into light, which it then uses to generate electrical energy. A beta-emitter such as technetium-99 or strontium-90 is suspended in a gas or liquid containing luminescent gas molecules of the excimer type, constituting a "dust plasma." This permits a nearly lossless emission of beta electrons from the emitting dust particles
The memristor (/ˈmɛmrɨstər/; a portmanteau of memory resistor) was a term coined in 1971 by circuit theorist Leon Chua as a missing non-linear passive two-terminal electrical component relating electric charge and magnetic flux linkage.[1] The operation of RRAM devices was recently connected to the memristor concept.[2] According to the characterizing mathematical relations, the memristor would hypothetically operate in the following way. The memristor's electrical resistance is not constant but depends on the history of current that had previously flowed through the device, i.e., its present resistance depends on how much electric charge has flowed in what direction through it in the past. The device remembers its history—the so-called non-volatility property
Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat.[2] Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct areas: electricity generation, air and water heating/cooling, motor fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.
Based on REN21's 2014 report, renewables contributed 19 percent to our global energy consumption and 22 percent to our electricity generation in 2012 and 2013, respectively. This energy consumption is divided as 9% coming from traditional biomass, 4.2% as heat energy (non-biomass), 3.8% hydro electricity and 2% is electricity from wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass. Worldwide investments in renewable technologies amounted to more than US$214 billion in 2013, with countries like China and the United States heavily investing in wind, hydro, solar and biofuels.
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ER(Entity Relationship) Diagram for online shopping - TAEHimani415946
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The ER diagram for the project is the foundation for the building of the database of the project. The properties, datatypes, and attributes are defined by the ER diagram.
Multi-cluster Kubernetes Networking- Patterns, Projects and GuidelinesSanjeev Rampal
Talk presented at Kubernetes Community Day, New York, May 2024.
Technical summary of Multi-Cluster Kubernetes Networking architectures with focus on 4 key topics.
1) Key patterns for Multi-cluster architectures
2) Architectural comparison of several OSS/ CNCF projects to address these patterns
3) Evolution trends for the APIs of these projects
4) Some design recommendations & guidelines for adopting/ deploying these solutions.
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
3. This Paper Tells About
• Introduction
• Wi-Fi Technologies
• Wi-Fi Network Elements
• How a Wi-Fi Network Works
• Wi-Fi Network Topologies
• Wi-Fi Applications
• Wi-Fi Configurations
• Wi-Fi Security
• Advantages/ Disadvantages of Wi-Fi
4. Introduction
• Wireless Technology is an alternative to Wired
Technology, which is commonly used, for
connecting devices in wireless mode.
• Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a generic term that
refers to the IEEE 802.11 communications
standard for Wireless Local Area Networks
(WLANs).
• Wi-Fi Network connect computers to each other,
to the internet and to the wired network.
5. The Wi-Fi Technology
Wi-Fi Networks use Radio Technologies to
transmit & receive data at high speed:
• IEEE 802.11b
• IEEE 802.11a
• IEEE 802.11g
6. Comparisons Of Wi-Fi Flavours
802.11b 802.11a 802.11g
In 1999
2.4GHz
In 2001
5GHz
In 2003
2.4GHz
11Mbps 54Mbps 54Mbps
30-100m 100-300m 100-300m
7. Elements of a WI-FI Network
• Access Point (AP) - The AP is a wireless LAN
transceiver or “base station” that can connect one or many
wireless devices simultaneously to the Internet.
• Wi-Fi cards - They accept the wireless signal and relay
information.They can be internal and external.(e.g PCMCIA
Card for Laptop and PCI Card for Desktop PC)
• Safeguards - Firewalls and anti-virus software protect
networks from uninvited users and keep information secure.
8. How a Wi-Fi Network Works
• Basic concept is same as Walkie talkies.
• A Wi-Fi hotspot is created by installing an access point to
an internet connection.
• An access point acts as a base station.
• When Wi-Fi enabled device encounters a hotspot the
device can then connect to that network wirelessly.
• A single access point can support up to 30 users and
can function within a range of 100 – 150 feet indoors and
up to 300 feet outdoors.
• Many access points can be connected to each other via
Ethernet cables to create a single large network.
9. How a Wi-Fi Network Works
» A computer's wireless
adapter translates data into
a radio signal and transmits
it using an antenna.
» A wireless router receives
the signal and decodes it.
» The router sends the
information to the Internet
using a physical, wired
Ethernet connection.
11. AP-based topology
• The client communicate through Access Point.
• BSA-RF coverage provided by an AP.
• ESA-It consists of 2 or more BSA.
• ESA cell includes 10-15% overlap to allow
roaming.
12. Peer-to-peer topology
• AP is not required.
• Client devices within a
cell can communicate
directly with each
other.
• It is useful for setting
up of a wireless
network quickly and
easily.
13. Point-to-multipoint bridge topology
This is used to connect a LAN in one building to a LANs
in other buildings even if the buildings are miles
apart.These conditions receive a clear line of sight
between buildings. The line-of-sight range varies based
on the type of wireless bridge and antenna used as well
as the environmental conditions.
14. Wi-Fi Applications
• Home
• Small Businesses or SOHO
• Large Corporations & Campuses
• Health Care
• Wireless ISP (WISP)
• Travellers
15. Wi-Fi Security
The requirements for Wi-Fi network security
can be broken down into two primary
components:
• Authentication
User Authentication
Server Authentication
• Privacy
16. Wi-Fi Security Techniques
• Service Set Identifier (SSID)
• Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
• 802.1X Access Control
• Wireless Protected Access (WPA)
• IEEE 802.11i
17. Service Set Identifier (SSID)
• SSID is used to identify an 802.11 network
• It can be pre-configured or advertised in the
name of provider
• It is transmitted in clear text
• Provide very little security
18. Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
• Uses RC4 encryption with pre-shared keys and 24 bit
initialization vectors (IV)
• Key schedule is generated by concatenating the
shared secret key with a random generated 24-bit IV
• 32 bit ICV (Integrity check value)
• No. of bits in keyschedule is equal to sum of length of
the plaintext and ICV
• Security Issue with WEP
• Short IV
• Static key
20. Wireless Protected Access (WPA)
• WPA is a specification of standard based, interoperable
security enhancements that strongly increase the level of data
protection and access control for existing and future wireless
LAN system.
• User Authentication
• 802.1x
• TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) encryption
• RC4, dynamic encryption keys (session based)
• 48 bit IV
• Fixes all issues found from WEP
• Uses Message Integrity Code (MIC)
– Ensures data integrity
• Old hardware should be upgradeable to WPA
21. 802.11i
• Provides standard for WLAN security
• Authentication
• 802.1x
• Data encryption
• AES protocol is used
• Secure fast handoff-This allow roaming between
APs without requiring client to fully reauthenticate to
every AP.
• Will require new hardware
24. Conclusion
• In the past, internet is luxury but now a days it
is need.
• So that for our requirements it’s necessity to
develop further technologies with low cost &
high speed of data transmission.