This document describes the evolution of voting technologies from paper ballots to modern electronic voting. It discusses early technologies like lever machines and punch cards, and later innovations like optical scanning and electronic voting machines. The document then proposes a new "Global Wireless e-Voting System" that uses retina scanning and radio waves to securely store votes remotely on a server, avoiding issues with tampering of physical voting machines. Key features of this proposed system include ensuring voter eligibility and vote uniqueness while maintaining anonymity.

1. BY
A.PREM KUMAR

2. Evolution of Voting Technologies:
Plain Paper Ballot
Lever Machine
Postal
Punch Card
Optical Scanning
Telephone Phone
Electronic Machine Voting(Direct Recording Electronic)
Remote Electronic Voting (Online Voting)
1857
1892
1960s
1970s
1978
2000

3. Invented By
Australian paper ballot system - A
Great Innovation
Current Usage
Problem
Counting & Re-Counting Problem
(Hand Counting)
Problem with Disabled People
Solution
Let Machine To Count the Vote
Australian ballot (U.S., 1888) SOURCE: DOUGLAS W. JONES
Plain Paper Ballot:

4. First Official Use
At Lockport, New York in 1892
Known As “Myers Automatic Booth”
+ Points
Privacy
Automatic Counting
Problems:
No Physical Record Exist that
represent voter’s intent
No Recount Facility
Mechanical Lever Machine;

5. Types of Punch Card
Votomatic:
Contains a hole beside
the number of the choice.
Datavote:
Contains a hole beside
the name of the candidate of
their choice.
+ Points
Automatic Counting
Recount Facility
- Points
Recount rarely produce same
count
Punch Cards:
The problems with punch-card ballots became well known after the
state of Florida’s 2000 US Presidential Election.

6. Optical Scanning
Clarity + Transparency
From
Paper Ballot System
Mechanized Counting
From
Punch Card
Optical Scanning
First Invented By
In 1937, By IBM
Type 805 Test Scoring Machine, sensing graphite
pencil marks on paper by their electrical
conductivity
Scanning Method : Visible Light , Infrared
+ Points
Quicker Counting
- Points
Error rates from using the wrong type of pencil
Under Vote & Over Vote , Dark/light marks

7. Now days voting system is replaced by
electronic machine to carry out voting.
Now in a present system each and every
section is given a electronic machine
which stores the votes of the people how
have voted for the particular candidate.
Control of present system is given to
the in charge officer. He only check for
the eligibility of the candidates and
allow for the voting.
Finally we collect all the voting
machine at a place and go for counting.
Present Voting System:
Polling Station

9. But.....
But… duping and corrupting these machines
became quite common scenario……
The voting should take place only where the machine is
located.
After voting if any technical problems or damage occurs
with the machines it may leads to the re-election.
The machine is not able to recognize the eligibility of a
candidate, so the corrupted officers may misguide the people.
The corrupted officers may increase the count of the
voting. During transportation of the machines the in charge
person can change the status of machines and even may
destroy.
This system is not a cost effective one. Since we need
security, in charge officers, secured place for counting and
election place

10. So we have a new one
“Global Wireless e-Voting System”
In this proposed system, the machine is
made intelligent which can determine the
eligibility of the voter by scanning the eye
pattern and also the vote count is not kept
into the same machine itself instead of it is
store in the remote server by converting it
into radio waves. Here there is no chance of
increasing the vote count of machine. Even
in case of damage to voting machine there
will not be harm to continuity of the election
process.
kiosk systems

11. Voting
machine Retina
scanner
Interface
Device
Server or
Distributed LAN
+ Interface
1
4
2
3
Alert
alarm
Vote flow channel
Mobile tower
Ready Signal
Block Diagram of proposedBlock Diagram of proposed
SystemSystem
Ready Signal
1&2 are Radio waves representing retina scanned pattern.
3&4 are Acknowledgements (+ve or –ve) received.
unattended remote
voting (e.g Internet)

12. Mixer
Retina
scanner
Security
bits gen.
Comp.
Terminal Interface
device
Radio
Wave
Gen
Antenna
Finaloutput
The voting machine
is actually a device
which generate the
different voltages for
different votes these
voltages are fed to the
(ADC) which is then
converted to digital
bits then can be
converted to radio
waves.

13. This proposed E-Voting system makes
these simple:
EligibilityEligibility
AuthenticationAuthentication
UniquenessUniqueness
AnonymityAnonymity
AccuracyAccuracy
VerifiabilityVerifiability
Audit AbilityAudit Ability
SecrecySecrecy
Minimum skill required for voterMinimum skill required for voter
Minimal requirement of equipmentMinimal requirement of equipment
Minimum Time required for voteMinimum Time required for vote
Recount FacilityRecount Facility

14. • This project can be enhanced to work over theThis project can be enhanced to work over the
mobiles that is voting is made possible through themobiles that is voting is made possible through the
mobile through SMS.mobile through SMS.
•This machine can be made vote through theThis machine can be made vote through the
INTERNET.INTERNET.
•In India election has supreme weight-age . So toIn India election has supreme weight-age . So to
make it secured and efficient in the vision of modernmake it secured and efficient in the vision of modern
technology we are looking for thistechnology we are looking for this
"Global Wireless E-Voting.”"Global Wireless E-Voting.”
Future Enhancements:

15. Thus this machine can be used for any
level voting purpose. The machine provides
high level of security, authentication,
reliability, and corruption -free mechanism.
By this we can get result with in minute
after a completion of voting…….Minimum
manpower Utilization, hence mechanism is
error free.

16. Any Queries..?Any Queries..?
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