The document discusses the evolution and key features of 4G communications. It describes problems with 3G such as limited bandwidth and issues with roaming. 4G aims to address these through seamless integration of terminals, networks and applications. It focuses on diversity and adaptability to support different users, devices and services. 4G targets include improved smart antennas, software defined radios, and network technologies to support mobility. The goal is to enable more personalized and efficient delivery of applications and content.

1. 4G Communications4G Communications
Presented by:Presented by:
M. Dhivya ReddyM. Dhivya Reddy

2. IntroductionIntroduction
““In the world, some-things areIn the world, some-things are
invincible, but they are vincible”.invincible, but they are vincible”.
 Evolution of 4G.Evolution of 4G.
– PossibilityPossibility
– NecessityNecessity

3. Pioneers of 4GPioneers of 4G

4. PROBLEMS IN 3GPROBLEMS IN 3G
 Less Bandwidth.Less Bandwidth.
 Limitation of spectrum and it’s allocation.Limitation of spectrum and it’s allocation.
 Difficulty in Roaming.Difficulty in Roaming.
 Lack of end to end seamless networks.Lack of end to end seamless networks.
4G PERSPECTIVE REVIEW4G PERSPECTIVE REVIEW
 Based on developing trends of mobileBased on developing trends of mobile
communicationcommunication
 Do Como “MAGIC” concept.Do Como “MAGIC” concept.
 European Commission seamless network conceptEuropean Commission seamless network concept

5. 4G Feature Frame work4G Feature Frame work
The discussion domain includes three relevantThe discussion domain includes three relevant
targets, i.e. terminals, networks, and applications. Outtargets, i.e. terminals, networks, and applications. Out
of the 4G domain, the user is the only target.of the 4G domain, the user is the only target.
The kernel word of the definition is so-calledThe kernel word of the definition is so-called
integration, which means the convergence of first theintegration, which means the convergence of first the
three different targets; second the various modes ofthree different targets; second the various modes of
each target, which lead to the feature of diversity.each target, which lead to the feature of diversity.
The modifier “seamless”, which means the characterThe modifier “seamless”, which means the character
and requirement of integration, implies the support ofand requirement of integration, implies the support of
the adaptability feature between the three targets,the adaptability feature between the three targets,
each one of which is largely miscellaneous.each one of which is largely miscellaneous.

6. Concept of Diversity andConcept of Diversity and
AdaptabilityAdaptability
There are two kinds of diversity: externalThere are two kinds of diversity: external
diversity and internal diversity.diversity and internal diversity.
 External diversity is outside the target,External diversity is outside the target,
which brings along the demand of thewhich brings along the demand of the
adaptability feature to all targets.adaptability feature to all targets.
 Internal diversity is inside each of theInternal diversity is inside each of the
targets, and it acts as the solution fortargets, and it acts as the solution for
adaptability requirements.adaptability requirements.

7. 4G Feature Description4G Feature Description
1.1. User diversity.User diversity.
2.2. Terminal diversity andTerminal diversity and
adaptabilityadaptability
3.3. Network diversity andNetwork diversity and
adaptabilityadaptability
4.4. Application diversity andApplication diversity and
adaptabilityadaptability

8. User diversityUser diversity
 External diversity-External diversity-
– People in different situations and differentPeople in different situations and different
personal preferences.personal preferences.
 Internal diversity-Internal diversity-
– People with different interfaces,People with different interfaces,
 Moreover, for adapting the two kinds of userMoreover, for adapting the two kinds of user
diversity, both the external and internaldiversity, both the external and internal
diversity of terminals and applications arediversity of terminals and applications are
the solution.the solution.

9. Terminal Diversity and AdaptabilityTerminal Diversity and Adaptability
 External diversityExternal diversity
 Static attributes- functionality, weight, size, battery life, humanStatic attributes- functionality, weight, size, battery life, human
interface, antenna, processing capability, security, style, andinterface, antenna, processing capability, security, style, and
cost.cost.
 Mobile attributes-temporal and spatial features.Mobile attributes-temporal and spatial features.
– The former category contains e.g. moving speed and acceleration,The former category contains e.g. moving speed and acceleration,
along with stationary, pedestrian or vehicular qualities.along with stationary, pedestrian or vehicular qualities.
– The latter is connected to spatial range, e.g. indoors, on-campus,The latter is connected to spatial range, e.g. indoors, on-campus,
in urban and rural environments, and also direction.in urban and rural environments, and also direction.
 Internal diversityInternal diversity
 Integration of multiple functions, modes, interfacesIntegration of multiple functions, modes, interfaces
 Three targets for terminal adaptability.Three targets for terminal adaptability.
 For users-provision of different terminals.For users-provision of different terminals.
 For applications- miscellaneous services.For applications- miscellaneous services.
 For networks- A single terminal can reach a wideFor networks- A single terminal can reach a wide
range of networksrange of networks

10. Network Diversity and AdaptabilityNetwork Diversity and Adaptability
 The external diversity.The external diversity.
– For instance air interfaces can integrate all kinds ofFor instance air interfaces can integrate all kinds of
standards and work on different frequencies.standards and work on different frequencies.
– Multiple operators deploy networks with multipleMultiple operators deploy networks with multiple
standards and protocols.standards and protocols.
 The internal diversity.The internal diversity.
– Interconnection with other different networks andInterconnection with other different networks and
transfer various kinds of loads.transfer various kinds of loads.
 Three targets.Three targets.
– For terminals-multi form mobile devicesFor terminals-multi form mobile devices
– For applications-delivery of services in efficient wayFor applications-delivery of services in efficient way
– For networks-reconfiguration of old network.For networks-reconfiguration of old network.

11. Application Diversity andApplication Diversity and
AdaptabilityAdaptability
 External diversity-External diversity-
– Did not mean that 4G services and applications must beDid not mean that 4G services and applications must be
multifarious, in all the aspects of quantity, quality, andmultifarious, in all the aspects of quantity, quality, and
type.type.
 Internal diversity-Internal diversity-
– Multiple tailoring of application.Multiple tailoring of application.
 Application adaptability-Application adaptability-
– For users services delivery automation based onFor users services delivery automation based on
personal preferences.personal preferences.
– For terminals-Versatility in running applicationsFor terminals-Versatility in running applications
– For networks-Transformation in required form forFor networks-Transformation in required form for
efficient transmission with network available.efficient transmission with network available.

12. 4G technical perspective4G technical perspective
 TerminalsTerminals
– Techniques for diversityTechniques for diversity
 Smart antennaSmart antenna
 Software radioSoftware radio
 Sensor technologySensor technology
 Processing capabilityProcessing capability
 NetworksNetworks
 Cellular systemsCellular systems
 Network layer hierarchicalNetwork layer hierarchical
mobility managementmobility management
 Ad hoc wireless networksAd hoc wireless networks
 Techniques for multiplexingTechniques for multiplexing

13. ApplicationsApplications
 Mobile application should refer to a user’s profileMobile application should refer to a user’s profile
so that it can be delivered in a way most preferredso that it can be delivered in a way most preferred
by the subscriber, such as context-basedby the subscriber, such as context-based
personalized services.personalized services.
 Techniques such as adaptive multimedia andTechniques such as adaptive multimedia and
unified messaging take the terminal characteristicsunified messaging take the terminal characteristics
into account.into account.
 Intelligent mobile software agent is a commonIntelligent mobile software agent is a common
technique to all of the three targets.technique to all of the three targets.
 Applications can negotiate with networks so thatApplications can negotiate with networks so that
they can be transferred with the most efficientthey can be transferred with the most efficient
channel.channel.

14. ConclusionConclusion
 4G systems offer the promise of a standard that can be4G systems offer the promise of a standard that can be
embraced worldwide through its key concept of integration.embraced worldwide through its key concept of integration.
 4G will bring true human like interaction with wearable4G will bring true human like interaction with wearable
electronics and disposable devices.electronics and disposable devices.
 The services will provide afford less access to the otherThe services will provide afford less access to the other
people And other devices around us with highest possibilitypeople And other devices around us with highest possibility
of security and Integration.of security and Integration.
 Terminals will encompass speech, hearing,sight, as well asTerminals will encompass speech, hearing,sight, as well as
environmental data pertinent to the application, making theenvironmental data pertinent to the application, making the
user permanently connected to both the cyber-world asuser permanently connected to both the cyber-world as
well as the real world.well as the real world.

15. Thank You