Wi-Fi is a popular wireless technology that uses radio waves to connect devices to the internet without cables. It was developed in the 1990s and uses standards set by IEEE, with common technologies including 802.11n and 802.11ac. Wi-Fi works through access points that broadcast an SSID and allow devices to connect and exchange data wirelessly over short ranges, typically using encryption for security. While convenient, Wi-Fi networks can pose security risks but techniques like WPA2 encryption aim to improve protection.

2. INTRODUCTION
• Wi-Fi stands for Wireless Local Area Network;
• Wi-Fi is a popular technology to exchange data or connect
to the internet wirelessly.
• This technology uses radio wave frequency for transmiting
data from sender to receiver.
• The Wi-Fi devices are been certified by Wi-Fi alliance on
the basis of standards drafted by IEEE’s(Institute of
electrical and electronic Engineers).
• Wi-Fi mainly works on physical and data link layer.

3. HISTORY
• In 1991 NCR corporation created the first wireless
product used for cashier system.
• In 1996 Australian radio-astronomer john O’sullivan
built a fast chip to transmit radio wave.
• IEEE’s created first WLAN standards which was named
as 802.11.
• In 1985 US Federal Communication commission
first released ISM band for unlicensed use

4. COMPONENTS FOR Wi-Fi SETUP
• Internet service provider(ISP)
• Antenna with transceiver in unguided and
cables in guided
• Router
• Range extender
• Access point
• Bridge
• Wi-Fi Switch
• Wi-Fi network adapter

5. WORKING OF Wi-Fi
• The typical Wi-Fi working consist of Access points
(AP) which broadcasts its SSID (service set identifier ).
• Wireless adapter of your devices transmit the data to the
AP.
• Data exchange between two network takes place in
physical layer

6. SECURITY
• WAP2 (Wi-Fi protected access version 2) is the
recommended standard now a days.
• It uses Advanced Encryption Standard i.e. CCMP
with 256 bit key.
• Initially we had WAP which used 128 bit key
encryption (temporal key integrity protocol) .
• MAC (Media Access Control) address filtration of
device done at data link layer for protection purpose.
• Firewall is also used to protect network from
uninvited user at the access point.

7. AUTHENTICATION
• Authentication server is used
• Username and password
• Establishing a encrypted channel before sending
username and password.
• User authentication performed at Application layer.
• It blocks an uninvited user from getting access to once
personal network.

9. MUMBAI a FREE Wi-Fi SPOT IN FUTURE
• A 50cr BMC project on paper since 2years is yet to
start its journey in Mumbai.
• Cable thief and security aspects are major obstacles
for this project.
• Project will establish towers throughout Mumbai.
• Towers will act as hotspot for user.
• Tower will be providing a range up to 1 or 2 Km.

10. ADVANTAGES
• No wires required for physical connection
• Easy setup and installation process
• more number of user to a single connection
• It allows mobility
DISADVANTAGES
• Limited range
• Data security risks
• Generate radiations
• High power consumption

11. CONCLUSION
• Wi-Fi is a simple, cost-effective way to connect to
the internet.
• IEEE drafted the 802.11 standard for wireless local
area networking.
• Access points which provide readily accessible
wireless network to user.
• Security is a huge challenge for Wi-Fi networks,
many techniques are used to improve it