By: Constantino S.Peña
Visit VeinGlobal at http://www.veinglobal.com/ for more presentations and videos on this topic, or for more information on venous disease news, education and research.
By: Mark J. Garcia MD, MS, FSIR
Visit VeinGlobal at http://www.veinglobal.com/ for more presentations and videos on this topic, or for more information on venous disease news, education and research.
This document provides guidance on performing and interpreting coronary CT scans. It outlines steps for patient selection, protocols for calcium scoring and angiography images, and checklists for evaluating different anatomical areas. Key areas to examine include the coronary arteries, heart chambers, great vessels, lungs, mediastinum, abdomen, bones and skin/breasts. Specific pathological conditions are mentioned such as aneurysms, thrombi, stenoses, and valve abnormalities.
Cardiac CT uses X-rays and computer technology to image the heart and coronary arteries. It can detect calcium buildup in arteries, assess coronary arteries via angiography, and evaluate heart function. The test involves injecting contrast dye and potentially heart rate control drugs. Images are taken rapidly during breath-holds to freeze heart motion. Cardiac CT can diagnose heart disease by identifying plaque and blockages without the risks of angiography.
Cardiac CT provides a noninvasive way to evaluate the coronary arteries and cardiac structure. It has largely replaced invasive coronary angiography due to improvements in temporal and spatial resolution allowing for clear images of the heart. Cardiac CT is indicated to rule out coronary artery disease in low-moderate risk patients, assess anomalies, evaluate grafts and stents, and aid in surgical planning. It has limitations including irregular heart rates over 80 bpm, high calcium scores, small vessels, and radiation exposure. Proper patient selection and preparation are important to optimize results.
This document provides an overview of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). It discusses the physics behind MRA, different techniques used including time-of-flight imaging and phase contrast imaging, as well as considerations for patient preparation and contraindications. Advantages of MRA include being non-invasive and avoiding risks associated with conventional angiography such as damage to arteries. Limitations include inability to depict small vessels or slow blood flow as well as conventional methods. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive introduction to MRA.
64 slice CT provides high resolution isotropic imaging that allows for improved diagnosis in cardiac, vascular, musculoskeletal and other applications. It provides advantages over older CT technologies such as reduced scan times allowing for single breathhold cardiac imaging. Cardiac applications include calcium scoring, assessment of coronary arteries and function. It is useful for evaluation of coronary artery disease in asymptomatic or symptomatic patients. Post processing techniques such as MIP and VRT allow sharp depiction of coronary arteries. While it has few disadvantages like artifacts from calcium and stents, 64 slice CT provides a non-invasive alternative to angiography for evaluation of many conditions.
This document discusses computed tomography angiography (CTA) and its applications in cardiology. CTA uses computed tomography to visualize blood vessels throughout the body, including coronary arteries. Coronary CTA can detect plaque buildup in coronary arteries without being invasive. Current multidetector CT systems can acquire high-resolution images of the heart within 20 seconds while the patient holds their breath. Coronary CTA provides diagnostic information but also exposes patients to radiation. It is most useful for evaluating cardiac symptoms in low-to-intermediate risk patients.
By: Mark J. Garcia MD, MS, FSIR
Visit VeinGlobal at http://www.veinglobal.com/ for more presentations and videos on this topic, or for more information on venous disease news, education and research.
This document provides guidance on performing and interpreting coronary CT scans. It outlines steps for patient selection, protocols for calcium scoring and angiography images, and checklists for evaluating different anatomical areas. Key areas to examine include the coronary arteries, heart chambers, great vessels, lungs, mediastinum, abdomen, bones and skin/breasts. Specific pathological conditions are mentioned such as aneurysms, thrombi, stenoses, and valve abnormalities.
Cardiac CT uses X-rays and computer technology to image the heart and coronary arteries. It can detect calcium buildup in arteries, assess coronary arteries via angiography, and evaluate heart function. The test involves injecting contrast dye and potentially heart rate control drugs. Images are taken rapidly during breath-holds to freeze heart motion. Cardiac CT can diagnose heart disease by identifying plaque and blockages without the risks of angiography.
Cardiac CT provides a noninvasive way to evaluate the coronary arteries and cardiac structure. It has largely replaced invasive coronary angiography due to improvements in temporal and spatial resolution allowing for clear images of the heart. Cardiac CT is indicated to rule out coronary artery disease in low-moderate risk patients, assess anomalies, evaluate grafts and stents, and aid in surgical planning. It has limitations including irregular heart rates over 80 bpm, high calcium scores, small vessels, and radiation exposure. Proper patient selection and preparation are important to optimize results.
This document provides an overview of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). It discusses the physics behind MRA, different techniques used including time-of-flight imaging and phase contrast imaging, as well as considerations for patient preparation and contraindications. Advantages of MRA include being non-invasive and avoiding risks associated with conventional angiography such as damage to arteries. Limitations include inability to depict small vessels or slow blood flow as well as conventional methods. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive introduction to MRA.
64 slice CT provides high resolution isotropic imaging that allows for improved diagnosis in cardiac, vascular, musculoskeletal and other applications. It provides advantages over older CT technologies such as reduced scan times allowing for single breathhold cardiac imaging. Cardiac applications include calcium scoring, assessment of coronary arteries and function. It is useful for evaluation of coronary artery disease in asymptomatic or symptomatic patients. Post processing techniques such as MIP and VRT allow sharp depiction of coronary arteries. While it has few disadvantages like artifacts from calcium and stents, 64 slice CT provides a non-invasive alternative to angiography for evaluation of many conditions.
This document discusses computed tomography angiography (CTA) and its applications in cardiology. CTA uses computed tomography to visualize blood vessels throughout the body, including coronary arteries. Coronary CTA can detect plaque buildup in coronary arteries without being invasive. Current multidetector CT systems can acquire high-resolution images of the heart within 20 seconds while the patient holds their breath. Coronary CTA provides diagnostic information but also exposes patients to radiation. It is most useful for evaluating cardiac symptoms in low-to-intermediate risk patients.
This document discusses cardiac imaging modalities such as CT, MRI, echocardiography, and nuclear scintigraphy used by cardiac surgeons. It provides information on how to perform good quality CT and MRI imaging, and what each modality can be used to visualize such as coronary artery anatomy, post-procedure evaluation, congenital heart disease, and cardiac function. The document also covers contraindications of CT and MRI, how to decide between the modalities, and risks of contrast-induced nephropathy.
Coronary CT angiography allows for noninvasive imaging of the heart and coronary arteries. It can be used to evaluate patients with chest pain, assess coronary arteries after revascularization, and detect congenital coronary anomalies. The scan involves a non-contrast scan for calcium scoring followed by a contrast-enhanced scan. Proper patient preparation including beta-blockers and nitroglycerin is important. Images are analyzed using techniques like multiplanar reformation, maximum intensity projection, volume rendering and curved reformation to evaluate coronary artery anatomy and detect any stenosis.
Non-invasive imaging plays an important role in the management of cardiovascular diseases. Different imaging modalities have advantages and limitations. Echocardiography is useful for assessing cardiac structure and function but limited for coronary artery disease evaluation. Nuclear imaging can evaluate perfusion and function but not coronary anatomy directly. CT and MRI can assess coronary anatomy in addition to function but CT involves radiation. The appropriate choice of imaging modality depends on the clinical question and no single test can replace all others for evaluating cardiovascular diseases. Integrating complementary information from different tests provides the most comprehensive assessment.
This document outlines the protocol for performing CT angiography (CTA) from the cerebral arteries to the lower limbs. It discusses indications for CTA including aneurysms, stenosis, dissections, and more. The preparation, positioning, and scanning protocols are provided for CTA of the head to lower limbs as well as the subclavian arteries. Pediatric protocols are also summarized. The document concludes with examples of CTA findings and references.
Cardiac CT and coronary CTA can play an important role in diagnosing cardiac patients. Coronary CTA is useful for ruling out obstructive coronary artery disease. Newer multislice CT scanners ranging from 4 to 320 slices allow for faster scanning times and better imaging of the heart. Proper patient preparation including beta blockers, fasting, and controlling heart rate are important for obtaining diagnostic images. Coronary CTA can detect obstructive coronary lesions, evaluate stents and grafts, and perform calcium scoring for risk stratification. It can also detect other cardiac abnormalities.
What is New in Cardiac CT? In Search of the Comprehensive and Conclusive Hear...Apollo Hospitals
Coronary CT Angiography (CT) with its noninvasive cross sectional information has seen remarkable growth in recent years. With the introduction of the new generation scanners, like the 320-slice CT, it has risen to a whole new level. Percent diameter stenosis determined with the use of 320-slice CT shows good correlation with Invasive catheter angiogram (ICA) without significant underestimation or overestimation. Plaque composition on CT regardless of lesion severity has emerged as a strong predictor of major cardiac events. The percentage stenosis mismatch between CT and ICA can be explained by the 2 dimensional nature of ICA and its interpretive inconsistencies. In the upcoming years, we need to evolve from focusing on lumen stenosis to a comprehensive assessment of CAD and its impact on patient outcome.
This document provides information on performing and interpreting CT angiography of the lower limbs. It discusses scanning techniques, protocols, contrast injection, and principles of timing acquisitions. Image post-processing includes MIP, VR, and MPR. Interpretation requires scrutinizing calcifications and stents to avoid overestimating stenosis. Peripheral CTA is useful for evaluating occlusive disease, aneurysms, trauma, infections, embolism, and postoperative surveillance. Examples demonstrate various vascular pathologies.
This document discusses the evolution and advances in coronary CT angiography (CCTA) technology and its role in the assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD). Key points include:
- CCTA has advanced from early CT scanners with 4-minute scan times to modern multi-detector scanners that can image the entire heart in a single heartbeat.
- CCTA provides information on coronary artery anatomy, plaque characteristics, and has prognostic value when assessing coronary artery calcium scoring.
- CCTA has good accuracy for detecting CAD compared to invasive coronary angiography, especially for ruling out disease, though its role in asymptomatic patients is still unclear.
- CCTA is useful for evaluating coronary anomalies, bypass grafts,
Cardiac CT-CCTA involves three main steps: patient preparation with beta blockade and nitroglycerine to lower heart rate, initial calcium scoring to identify atherosclerotic vessels, and coronary CTA scan using retrospective or prospective ECG gating. CCTA allows visualization of the coronary arteries and quantification of plaque type and stenosis. Normal coronary anatomy includes the left main artery bifurcating into the LAD and LCX, and the RCA originating from the right coronary cusp and dominantly supplying the posterior descending artery in most cases.
This document discusses the use of coronary CT angiography to detect and characterize coronary artery anatomy and exclude morphological abnormalities. It notes the technique involves a preliminary scout study followed by contrast-enhanced imaging of the coronary arteries. Reconstructions include curved multi-planar views. The quality was deemed excellent with no artifacts. The impression was a total calcium score of zero, no evidence of stenosis or plaque, and a CAD-RADS classification of 0, recommending reassurance.
Magnetic resonance venography & venous ultrasosnography for diagnosisng deep ...Prof. Shad Salim Akhtar
Method of detecting thrombosis in deep leg veins. Use of magnetic resonance venography in comparison to venous ultrasonography. A comparative blinded trial.
Dr. Muhammad Ayub discusses the technical considerations and applications of cardiac CT. He outlines the spatial and temporal resolution, contrast requirements, and radiation exposure of cardiac CT. He then discusses the advantages of cardiac CT including being noninvasive and providing 3D anatomical information. Potential limitations include contrast requirements, radiation exposure, and limited resolution. Applications covered include calcium scoring, CT angiography, assessment of coronary anomalies, cardiac masses, valves, grafts, aorta, pulmonary vessels, and congenital heart disease. Appropriateness criteria for various clinical indications are also provided.
The document provides an overview of coronary CT angiography (CCTA). It discusses recent advances in CCTA technology including perfusion imaging, spectral imaging, and fractional flow reserve CT (FFR-CT). The anatomy and physiology of the coronary arteries is described. The document outlines the equipment, indications, procedures, and post-processing techniques used in CCTA. It also discusses calcium scoring, artifacts, case studies, radiation dose, and limitations of CCTA.
1. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses magnetic resonance imaging to visualize blood vessels and evaluate vascular anatomy and blood flow without using ionizing radiation or iodinated contrast material.
2. There are different MRA techniques including time-of-flight MRA, phase contrast MRA, and contrast-enhanced MRA. Time-of-flight MRA relies on differences in flowing and stationary blood signal while phase contrast MRA assesses velocity and direction of flow. Contrast-enhanced MRA uses gadolinium contrast to improve vessel depiction.
3. MRA has various clinical applications for evaluating carotid and intracranial arterial stenosis, aneurysms,
CT provides noninvasive evaluation of cardiac structure and function. It uses ionizing radiation and reconstruction algorithms to form images. Advancements include increasing detector rows for wider coverage and shorter scan times. CT can assess coronary calcium scoring, coronary angiography, bypass graft/stent patency, cardiac morphology/function, and pericardial diseases. It is useful for diagnosing chest pain, coronary anomalies, and evaluating surgical candidates. Risks include radiation exposure and contrast nephropathy, so appropriate patient selection is important.
Cardiac CT is a specialized type of CT scan used to image the heart. It works by rapidly taking multiple X-ray images as the patient is moved through the scanner, and uses techniques like ECG gating and beta blockers to slow the heart rate and improve images of the moving organ. Cardiac CT is useful for evaluating symptoms of chest pain or breathlessness when other tests are inconclusive, and can also check on surgical repairs like stents or bypass grafts. Good candidates are symptomatic or asymptomatic patients where heart disease needs ruling out, while arrhythmias, renal failure or an uncooperative patient are contraindications unless pre-treated.
Cardiac CT scan and echocardiography are non-invasive tests used to examine the heart. Cardiac CT scan uses x-rays to produce detailed images of the heart and can detect problems like calcium buildup, heart valve issues, or blood clots. Echocardiography uses ultrasound to create moving images of the heart and is useful for assessing heart valve function and detecting issues like coronary artery disease. Both tests provide information about heart size, shape, and pumping ability without radiation exposure for echocardiography.
Magnetic Resonance Angiography and techniquesAlwineAnto
This document discusses MR angiography techniques and vascular abnormalities. It begins by outlining the major vascular systems in the human body. It then describes various vascular abnormalities like stenosis, aneurysms, and arterial venous malformations. The document goes on to explain different MR angiography pulse sequences like TOF, CE MRA, and PC MRI. It provides details on TOF MRA principles and advantages/disadvantages. Common artifacts seen on TOF MRA like shine-through and susceptibility artifacts are also outlined. Finally, the document discusses CE MRA techniques including test bolus timing and advantages/disadvantages compared to TOF MRA.
Should C2 Disease Classification Be Broken Down Further? Who Progresses to C4?Vein Global
By: Nick Morrison, MD, FACS, FACPh, RPhS
Visit VeinGlobal at http://www.veinglobal.com/ for more presentations and videos on this topic, or for more information on venous disease news, education and research.
1. Despite prior endovenous thermal ablation of saphenous veins, varicose veins were present in 162 out of 197 limbs (82%).
2. Patients presented a median of 36 months after their initial endovenous ablation procedure. The majority were middle-aged females.
3. Recurrence of varicose veins was associated with recanalized saphenous veins in 36% of cases, perforator vein reflux in 31% of cases, and accessory vein reflux in 30% of cases.
This document discusses cardiac imaging modalities such as CT, MRI, echocardiography, and nuclear scintigraphy used by cardiac surgeons. It provides information on how to perform good quality CT and MRI imaging, and what each modality can be used to visualize such as coronary artery anatomy, post-procedure evaluation, congenital heart disease, and cardiac function. The document also covers contraindications of CT and MRI, how to decide between the modalities, and risks of contrast-induced nephropathy.
Coronary CT angiography allows for noninvasive imaging of the heart and coronary arteries. It can be used to evaluate patients with chest pain, assess coronary arteries after revascularization, and detect congenital coronary anomalies. The scan involves a non-contrast scan for calcium scoring followed by a contrast-enhanced scan. Proper patient preparation including beta-blockers and nitroglycerin is important. Images are analyzed using techniques like multiplanar reformation, maximum intensity projection, volume rendering and curved reformation to evaluate coronary artery anatomy and detect any stenosis.
Non-invasive imaging plays an important role in the management of cardiovascular diseases. Different imaging modalities have advantages and limitations. Echocardiography is useful for assessing cardiac structure and function but limited for coronary artery disease evaluation. Nuclear imaging can evaluate perfusion and function but not coronary anatomy directly. CT and MRI can assess coronary anatomy in addition to function but CT involves radiation. The appropriate choice of imaging modality depends on the clinical question and no single test can replace all others for evaluating cardiovascular diseases. Integrating complementary information from different tests provides the most comprehensive assessment.
This document outlines the protocol for performing CT angiography (CTA) from the cerebral arteries to the lower limbs. It discusses indications for CTA including aneurysms, stenosis, dissections, and more. The preparation, positioning, and scanning protocols are provided for CTA of the head to lower limbs as well as the subclavian arteries. Pediatric protocols are also summarized. The document concludes with examples of CTA findings and references.
Cardiac CT and coronary CTA can play an important role in diagnosing cardiac patients. Coronary CTA is useful for ruling out obstructive coronary artery disease. Newer multislice CT scanners ranging from 4 to 320 slices allow for faster scanning times and better imaging of the heart. Proper patient preparation including beta blockers, fasting, and controlling heart rate are important for obtaining diagnostic images. Coronary CTA can detect obstructive coronary lesions, evaluate stents and grafts, and perform calcium scoring for risk stratification. It can also detect other cardiac abnormalities.
What is New in Cardiac CT? In Search of the Comprehensive and Conclusive Hear...Apollo Hospitals
Coronary CT Angiography (CT) with its noninvasive cross sectional information has seen remarkable growth in recent years. With the introduction of the new generation scanners, like the 320-slice CT, it has risen to a whole new level. Percent diameter stenosis determined with the use of 320-slice CT shows good correlation with Invasive catheter angiogram (ICA) without significant underestimation or overestimation. Plaque composition on CT regardless of lesion severity has emerged as a strong predictor of major cardiac events. The percentage stenosis mismatch between CT and ICA can be explained by the 2 dimensional nature of ICA and its interpretive inconsistencies. In the upcoming years, we need to evolve from focusing on lumen stenosis to a comprehensive assessment of CAD and its impact on patient outcome.
This document provides information on performing and interpreting CT angiography of the lower limbs. It discusses scanning techniques, protocols, contrast injection, and principles of timing acquisitions. Image post-processing includes MIP, VR, and MPR. Interpretation requires scrutinizing calcifications and stents to avoid overestimating stenosis. Peripheral CTA is useful for evaluating occlusive disease, aneurysms, trauma, infections, embolism, and postoperative surveillance. Examples demonstrate various vascular pathologies.
This document discusses the evolution and advances in coronary CT angiography (CCTA) technology and its role in the assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD). Key points include:
- CCTA has advanced from early CT scanners with 4-minute scan times to modern multi-detector scanners that can image the entire heart in a single heartbeat.
- CCTA provides information on coronary artery anatomy, plaque characteristics, and has prognostic value when assessing coronary artery calcium scoring.
- CCTA has good accuracy for detecting CAD compared to invasive coronary angiography, especially for ruling out disease, though its role in asymptomatic patients is still unclear.
- CCTA is useful for evaluating coronary anomalies, bypass grafts,
Cardiac CT-CCTA involves three main steps: patient preparation with beta blockade and nitroglycerine to lower heart rate, initial calcium scoring to identify atherosclerotic vessels, and coronary CTA scan using retrospective or prospective ECG gating. CCTA allows visualization of the coronary arteries and quantification of plaque type and stenosis. Normal coronary anatomy includes the left main artery bifurcating into the LAD and LCX, and the RCA originating from the right coronary cusp and dominantly supplying the posterior descending artery in most cases.
This document discusses the use of coronary CT angiography to detect and characterize coronary artery anatomy and exclude morphological abnormalities. It notes the technique involves a preliminary scout study followed by contrast-enhanced imaging of the coronary arteries. Reconstructions include curved multi-planar views. The quality was deemed excellent with no artifacts. The impression was a total calcium score of zero, no evidence of stenosis or plaque, and a CAD-RADS classification of 0, recommending reassurance.
Magnetic resonance venography & venous ultrasosnography for diagnosisng deep ...Prof. Shad Salim Akhtar
Method of detecting thrombosis in deep leg veins. Use of magnetic resonance venography in comparison to venous ultrasonography. A comparative blinded trial.
Dr. Muhammad Ayub discusses the technical considerations and applications of cardiac CT. He outlines the spatial and temporal resolution, contrast requirements, and radiation exposure of cardiac CT. He then discusses the advantages of cardiac CT including being noninvasive and providing 3D anatomical information. Potential limitations include contrast requirements, radiation exposure, and limited resolution. Applications covered include calcium scoring, CT angiography, assessment of coronary anomalies, cardiac masses, valves, grafts, aorta, pulmonary vessels, and congenital heart disease. Appropriateness criteria for various clinical indications are also provided.
The document provides an overview of coronary CT angiography (CCTA). It discusses recent advances in CCTA technology including perfusion imaging, spectral imaging, and fractional flow reserve CT (FFR-CT). The anatomy and physiology of the coronary arteries is described. The document outlines the equipment, indications, procedures, and post-processing techniques used in CCTA. It also discusses calcium scoring, artifacts, case studies, radiation dose, and limitations of CCTA.
1. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses magnetic resonance imaging to visualize blood vessels and evaluate vascular anatomy and blood flow without using ionizing radiation or iodinated contrast material.
2. There are different MRA techniques including time-of-flight MRA, phase contrast MRA, and contrast-enhanced MRA. Time-of-flight MRA relies on differences in flowing and stationary blood signal while phase contrast MRA assesses velocity and direction of flow. Contrast-enhanced MRA uses gadolinium contrast to improve vessel depiction.
3. MRA has various clinical applications for evaluating carotid and intracranial arterial stenosis, aneurysms,
CT provides noninvasive evaluation of cardiac structure and function. It uses ionizing radiation and reconstruction algorithms to form images. Advancements include increasing detector rows for wider coverage and shorter scan times. CT can assess coronary calcium scoring, coronary angiography, bypass graft/stent patency, cardiac morphology/function, and pericardial diseases. It is useful for diagnosing chest pain, coronary anomalies, and evaluating surgical candidates. Risks include radiation exposure and contrast nephropathy, so appropriate patient selection is important.
Cardiac CT is a specialized type of CT scan used to image the heart. It works by rapidly taking multiple X-ray images as the patient is moved through the scanner, and uses techniques like ECG gating and beta blockers to slow the heart rate and improve images of the moving organ. Cardiac CT is useful for evaluating symptoms of chest pain or breathlessness when other tests are inconclusive, and can also check on surgical repairs like stents or bypass grafts. Good candidates are symptomatic or asymptomatic patients where heart disease needs ruling out, while arrhythmias, renal failure or an uncooperative patient are contraindications unless pre-treated.
Cardiac CT scan and echocardiography are non-invasive tests used to examine the heart. Cardiac CT scan uses x-rays to produce detailed images of the heart and can detect problems like calcium buildup, heart valve issues, or blood clots. Echocardiography uses ultrasound to create moving images of the heart and is useful for assessing heart valve function and detecting issues like coronary artery disease. Both tests provide information about heart size, shape, and pumping ability without radiation exposure for echocardiography.
Magnetic Resonance Angiography and techniquesAlwineAnto
This document discusses MR angiography techniques and vascular abnormalities. It begins by outlining the major vascular systems in the human body. It then describes various vascular abnormalities like stenosis, aneurysms, and arterial venous malformations. The document goes on to explain different MR angiography pulse sequences like TOF, CE MRA, and PC MRI. It provides details on TOF MRA principles and advantages/disadvantages. Common artifacts seen on TOF MRA like shine-through and susceptibility artifacts are also outlined. Finally, the document discusses CE MRA techniques including test bolus timing and advantages/disadvantages compared to TOF MRA.
Should C2 Disease Classification Be Broken Down Further? Who Progresses to C4?Vein Global
By: Nick Morrison, MD, FACS, FACPh, RPhS
Visit VeinGlobal at http://www.veinglobal.com/ for more presentations and videos on this topic, or for more information on venous disease news, education and research.
1. Despite prior endovenous thermal ablation of saphenous veins, varicose veins were present in 162 out of 197 limbs (82%).
2. Patients presented a median of 36 months after their initial endovenous ablation procedure. The majority were middle-aged females.
3. Recurrence of varicose veins was associated with recanalized saphenous veins in 36% of cases, perforator vein reflux in 31% of cases, and accessory vein reflux in 30% of cases.
This document discusses various treatment options for varicose veins, including conservative management using compression bandages and stockings, medications to improve lymph flow and protect veins, sclerotherapy to harden problematic veins, and surgical procedures such as vein ligation and stripping. More minimally invasive options like endovenous laser ablation and radiofrequency ablation are also covered, which involve inserting a laser or radiofrequency catheter into the vein to cause thermal damage and occlusion. All treatments have potential complications like pain, bruising, bleeding, or deep vein thrombosis.
Made by Ranjith R Thampi. A surgery powerpoint I made during internship for Management of Varicose Veins. Tried to cover as much as possible on the topic. Kindly comment before you download. Thanks!
This document discusses endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) for treating varicose veins. It begins with definitions of different types of abnormal veins like telangiectasias, reticular veins, and varicose veins. It then discusses patient assessment, which involves medical history, physical examination, and duplex ultrasound scan. For patients with superficial venous reflux and varicose veins, treatment options discussed include conservative management, sclerotherapy, and thermal ablation techniques like EVLA. EVLA involves using laser energy to close off diseased veins. The document provides details on patient selection, procedural technique, and outcomes of EVLA for varicose vein treatment.
Future of Non Thermal Ablation: Is the Future of Endovenous AblationVein Global
By: Steve Elias, MD, FACS
Visit VeinGlobal at http://www.veinglobal.com/ for more presentations and videos on this topic, or for more information on venous disease news, education and research.
How do Laser Wavelengths & Fibers Differ Clinically?Vein Global
By: Thomas M. Proebstle, M.D.
Visit VeinGlobal at http://www.veinglobal.com/ for more presentations and videos on this topic, or for more information on venous disease news, education and research.
Outcomes of Venous Interventions in C5-6 DiseaseVein Global
By: Mark H. Meissner, MD
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The Important Nerves During Venous AblationVein Global
By: John Mauriello, M.D.
Visit VeinGlobal at http://www.veinglobal.com/ for more presentations and videos on this topic, or for more information on venous disease news, education and research.
This document discusses varicose veins (VV), including their definition, anatomy, pathophysiology, etiology, clinical presentation, investigations, treatment options, and management approach. VV are dilated, tortuous superficial veins in the lower limbs. Treatment involves initial conservative measures for 3 months, including compression therapy and pharmacologic agents for symptomatic patients or those with reflux. Refractory patients may undergo ablative therapies like sclerotherapy, radiofrequency ablation, or laser ablation to treat refluxing veins. The goals of treatment are improved symptoms and appearance.
Radio Frequency Ablation (RFA Treatment ) -Modern Technology for management l...SafeMedTrip
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The document describes the venous drainage system of the lower extremity, including the long saphenous vein (LSV), short saphenous vein (SSV), deep veins, and perforating veins. It provides details on the anatomy and course of the LSV and SSV. Surgical procedures for varicose veins are discussed such as ligation and stripping, ligation of incompetent perforators, and newer minimally invasive techniques like foam sclerotherapy, endovenous laser ablation, and radiofrequency ablation. Post-operative care and potential complications are also summarized.
This document discusses varicose veins, including definitions, anatomy, causes, symptoms, examination techniques, and treatment options. Some key points:
- Varicose veins are dilated, tortuous veins, usually in the legs, caused by incompetent valves that allow blood to flow in the wrong direction.
- Annual incidence is about 2% and lifetime prevalence is around 40%, being more common in women.
- Symptoms can include pain, swelling, heaviness, and skin changes like pigmentation.
- Examination involves inspection, palpation, auscultation, and Doppler ultrasound to map veins and locate sites of reflux.
- Treatment options include conservative compression therapy, sclerotherapy
By: Steve Elias MD FACS
Visit VeinGlobal at http://www.veinglobal.com/ for more presentations and videos on this topic, or for more information on venous disease news, education and research.
Endovenous treatment for varicose veins – the first choice (laser, radiofre...Michał Molski
This document discusses the treatment of varicose veins, specifically endovenous ablation techniques like laser and radiofrequency ablation. It provides a brief history of varicose vein surgery techniques dating back to the early 1900s. More recent developments discussed include techniques like EVLA, RFA, sclerotherapy, steam vein sclerosis, and mechano-chemical ablation. The document also outlines the authors' hospital's experience with various treatment methods and provides their recommendations on when each technique is most appropriate based on factors like patient anatomy, vein diameter and location.
By: Mark Meissner, M.D.
Visit VeinGlobal at http://www.veinglobal.com/ for more presentations and videos on this topic, or for more information on venous disease news, education and research.
Who Needs More Testing Beyond Venous Duplex?Vein Global
By: William Marston, MD
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Venous Leg Ulcers: Wound Preparation & Adjuvants to HealingVein Global
By: William Marston, M.D.
Visit VeinGlobal at http://www.veinglobal.com/ for more presentations and videos on this topic, or for more information on venous disease news, education and research.
This document discusses varicose vein surgery. It provides an overview of the indications for varicose vein surgery, including pain, swelling, skin changes, ulceration, and appearance. It describes the importance of preoperative evaluation using duplex ultrasound mapping to identify refluxing veins and develop a surgical plan. Finally, it outlines procedural considerations for varicose vein treatment, including the goals of ablating reflux from deep to superficial veins and removing all branch varicosities.
Upper Extrem CT Venography_Hallett_2017_sm.pdfMonicaKamal5
CT venography is a technique used to assess venous anatomy and determine patency. It can be performed using direct or indirect methods. Direct CTV involves slowly infusing diluted contrast directly into veins of interest. Indirect CTV uses a larger bolus of full-strength contrast followed by a delayed scan to image recirculating contrast in the veins. CTV provides non-invasive evaluation of venous anatomy from the upper extremities to the pelvis with good spatial resolution and ability to combine with arterial imaging. It is useful for evaluating issues like deep vein thrombosis, thoracic outlet syndrome, and superior vena cava syndrome.
This document summarizes information on device therapy for congestive heart failure, including cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). It discusses:
1) The prevalence and mortality rates of heart failure in the US. Up to 30% of CHF patients have intraventricular conduction delays which increase mortality.
2) NYHA heart failure classifications and guidelines for CRT approval for classes III and IV.
3) Clinical trials that demonstrated the benefits of CRT including increased exercise capacity, quality of life, and decreased hospitalizations and mortality.
4) Anatomical challenges of CRT implantation via the coronary sinus and risks of the procedure. Proper lead placement is important to reduce asynchrony.
Angiography By Harvin Nelson.A Medical PhysicistHarvin Nelson
Angiography is an imaging test that uses x-rays and injection of dye to examine blood vessels. It can show blockages or abnormalities in arteries or veins. A small tube is inserted and dye injected to visualize the vessels. Angiography provides detailed images of blood vessels to diagnose issues and guide procedures like angioplasty. Potential risks include bleeding, pain, or allergic reaction to the dye.
[123doc] - bai-giang-sieu-am-tim-3d-trong-danh-gia-va-can-thiep-cac-benh-ly-v...Thọ Văn
3D echocardiography plays an important role in assessing and intervening in valve diseases. It can evaluate valve anatomy in detail, guide interventional procedures such as MitraClip and balloon valvuloplasty, and monitor outcomes. Real-time 3D TEE is especially useful for quantifying mitral regurgitation and measuring the mitral valve area during balloon valvuloplasty. 3D imaging also helps with patient selection and guidance for transcatheter aortic valve implantation.
Microvascular & Functional Ultrasound Imaging: Insights into Stroke and Neuro...InsideScientific
Professors Franck Lebrin and Denis Vivien discuss microvascular and functional ultrasound imaging techniques and their application to studying neurological disorders like stroke. They describe how ultrasound localization microscopy can image the brain vasculature down to small blood vessels, and how functional ultrasound imaging can detect hemodynamic changes with high spatial and temporal resolution. They provide examples of how these techniques have provided insights into diseases like hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and allowed evaluation of potential treatments aimed at stabilizing the microvasculature.
This document discusses updates in venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). It describes the risk factors, signs, symptoms, and diagnostic testing for VTE including ultrasonography, CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA), ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scanning, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It also discusses specific considerations for diagnosing PE during pregnancy.
1) Neurovascular diseases like stroke are a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Advances in neuroimaging and endovascular neurointerventions now allow minimally invasive treatments for conditions like aneurysms and acute ischemic strokes.
2) Recent clinical trials have shown the benefits of endovascular therapies like stent retrievers for acute ischemic stroke. This represents a dramatic change in stroke management from older failed trials testing earlier devices.
3) A neurointerventionist, neurologist, neurosurgeon and radiologist working as a integrated team is key to utilizing the latest minimally invasive treatments for various neurovascular conditions like aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations and carotid artery stenosis.
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Efek varicocelectomy tentang aliran arteri antara laaproskopik dengan mikroandilania
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New and Emerging Advanced Vascular & Interventional Radiology ProceduresAllina Health
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2) The procedures provide minimally invasive alternatives to open surgery with benefits of shorter hospital stays, fewer complications, and improved quality of life.
3) Case examples are presented for each procedure to illustrate clinical applications and outcomes.
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Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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When is MR Venography Useful? What makes it so Operator Dependent?
1. When is MR Venography Useful?
What makes it so Operator
Dependent ?
Constantino S.Peña
Interventional Radiologist
Medical Director, Vascular Imaging
Baptist Cardiac & Vascular Institute, Miami, Florida
Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine,
University of South Florida
And
Florida International University
Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine
2. Why MR Venography?
Evaluate Central Veins-
SVC, IVC, Pelvis
Patency and extrinsic compression
Allows for a 4 Dimensional Flow
evaluation- Time Resolved Imaging
Lack of Ionizing Radiation
Does not utilize Iodinated contrast
15. 4D Vascular MRA
Acquiring multiple 3D Volume datasets sequentially
Modified 3D Gradient sequence with parallel and/or
Keyhole imaging is used to achieve a high temporal
frame rate;
An initial mask is obtained
Morphology and time information acquired
Low dose of contrast agent used
22. Why is MR Venography
Operator Dependent?
What is the clinical question?
What is the best way to study?
What type of sequence and contrast
material?
24. Techniques for MRV
Indirect MRV- (recirculation)
Injecting upper extremity vein
Allowing first pass through the arterial
tree
Imaging venous system during venous
phase
Direct MRV
Injecting extremity of choice with dilute
contrast material
28. Future Technique
Direct Thrombus Imaging
Endogenous contrast from methemoglobin
T1W sequences
High signal seen up to 6months in DVT
Limitation in the abdomen (run additional PCV)
20 minutes whole body scan
29. When is CT Venography
better?
Evaluation of metal stent
Renal failure (Hemodialysis)
Pacemaker/AICD
30. Summary
MR Venography has a role in the diagnosis and
surveillance of “central venous” disease.
Indications include: SVC/IVC patency,
compressive syndromes, portal vein or visceral
vein patency. Usually performed when
treatment is being considered
MR Venography eliminates radiation risk
associated with CTV but is limited in terms of
heavy metal evaluation (bones and metal)
Off-label use of blood pool MR agents will
likely allow first pass as well as steady imaging
to improve resolution and evaluation of
compressive effects
Future MR imaging with Direct thrombus
imaging may deliver a manner to assess for
VTE without radiation or contrast agents