Importance of imaging for the cardiac surgeon
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This document discusses cardiac imaging modalities such as CT, MRI, echocardiography, and nuclear scintigraphy used by cardiac surgeons. It provides information on how to perform good quality CT and MRI imaging, and what each modality can be used to visualize such as coronary artery anatomy, post-procedure evaluation, congenital heart disease, and cardiac function. The document also covers contraindications of CT and MRI, how to decide between the modalities, and risks of contrast-induced nephropathy.
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Cardiac MRI uses MRI techniques to study the heart's anatomy, physiology, and pathology. It offers improved soft tissue definition compared to other modalities and does not use ionizing radiation. The basic sequences include black blood imaging for anatomy and bright blood imaging for assessing flow and motion. Black blood sequences like spin echo are used while bright blood uses gradient echo. Cine imaging captures motion throughout the cardiac cycle. Contrast-enhanced techniques like perfusion and delayed enhancement imaging are used to identify infarcts and viability. Standard cardiac planes include the short axis, 4-chamber, and 2-chamber views.
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Cardiac CT provides a noninvasive way to evaluate the coronary arteries and cardiac structure. It has largely replaced invasive coronary angiography due to improvements in temporal and spatial resolution allowing for clear images of the heart. Cardiac CT is indicated to rule out coronary artery disease in low-moderate risk patients, assess anomalies, evaluate grafts and stents, and aid in surgical planning. It has limitations including irregular heart rates over 80 bpm, high calcium scores, small vessels, and radiation exposure. Proper patient selection and preparation are important to optimize results.
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Coronary CT Angiography (CT) with its noninvasive cross sectional information has seen remarkable growth in recent years. With the introduction of the new generation scanners, like the 320-slice CT, it has risen to a whole new level. Percent diameter stenosis determined with the use of 320-slice CT shows good correlation with Invasive catheter angiogram (ICA) without significant underestimation or overestimation. Plaque composition on CT regardless of lesion severity has emerged as a strong predictor of major cardiac events. The percentage stenosis mismatch between CT and ICA can be explained by the 2 dimensional nature of ICA and its interpretive inconsistencies. In the upcoming years, we need to evolve from focusing on lumen stenosis to a comprehensive assessment of CAD and its impact on patient outcome.
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Cardiac MRI provides high quality images of the heart and great vessels and can evaluate a wide range of cardiac diseases without exposing the patient to ionizing radiation. It has excellent soft tissue contrast and the ability to obtain multiplanar views. Rapid imaging sequences combined with ECG gating and respiratory gating help mitigate the challenges of cardiac motion. Different sequences such as T2-weighted, bright blood, and delayed enhancement are used to evaluate conditions such as myocardial infarction and viability. Cardiac MRI can assess injury extent, microvascular obstruction, hemorrhage, and predict response to therapy in acute MI. It is also useful for evaluating complications like thrombus and characterizing cardiac tumors.
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This presentation deals with the image reconstruction, technique, artifacts and radiation risk associated with cardiac ct scanning.
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Cardiac CT uses X-rays and computer technology to image the heart and coronary arteries. It can detect calcium buildup in arteries, assess coronary arteries via angiography, and evaluate heart function. The test involves injecting contrast dye and potentially heart rate control drugs. Images are taken rapidly during breath-holds to freeze heart motion. Cardiac CT can diagnose heart disease by identifying plaque and blockages without the risks of angiography.
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Cardiac MRI basics
Cardiac MRI uses MRI techniques to study the heart's anatomy, physiology, and pathology. It offers improved soft tissue definition compared to other modalities and does not use ionizing radiation. The basic sequences include black blood imaging for anatomy and bright blood imaging for assessing flow and motion. Black blood sequences like spin echo are used while bright blood uses gradient echo. Cine imaging captures motion throughout the cardiac cycle. Contrast-enhanced techniques like perfusion and delayed enhancement imaging are used to identify infarcts and viability. Standard cardiac planes include the short axis, 4-chamber, and 2-chamber views.
Ct angio in cardiology
This document discusses computed tomography angiography (CTA) and its applications in cardiology. CTA uses computed tomography to visualize blood vessels throughout the body, including coronary arteries. Coronary CTA can detect plaque buildup in coronary arteries without being invasive. Current multidetector CT systems can acquire high-resolution images of the heart within 20 seconds while the patient holds their breath. Coronary CTA provides diagnostic information but also exposes patients to radiation. It is most useful for evaluating cardiac symptoms in low-to-intermediate risk patients.
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Cardiac CT provides a noninvasive way to evaluate the coronary arteries and cardiac structure. It has largely replaced invasive coronary angiography due to improvements in temporal and spatial resolution allowing for clear images of the heart. Cardiac CT is indicated to rule out coronary artery disease in low-moderate risk patients, assess anomalies, evaluate grafts and stents, and aid in surgical planning. It has limitations including irregular heart rates over 80 bpm, high calcium scores, small vessels, and radiation exposure. Proper patient selection and preparation are important to optimize results.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
This document discusses cardiac MRI (CMRI) and its clinical applications. CMRI provides anatomical and functional information to assess heart abnormalities through various sequences like ECG-gated bright and dark blood sequences. It is useful for evaluating congenital heart diseases, valvular heart diseases, ventricular function, coronary arteries, myocardial perfusion and viability, cardiac masses, and pericardial diseases. CMRI is more accurate than echocardiography for measuring ejection fraction, volumes, and assessing ventricular function and viability. It is useful for differentiating conditions like arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, restrictive vs constrictive cardiomyopathy, and determining feasibility of revascularization procedures.
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Coronary CT Angiography (CT) with its noninvasive cross sectional information has seen remarkable growth in recent years. With the introduction of the new generation scanners, like the 320-slice CT, it has risen to a whole new level. Percent diameter stenosis determined with the use of 320-slice CT shows good correlation with Invasive catheter angiogram (ICA) without significant underestimation or overestimation. Plaque composition on CT regardless of lesion severity has emerged as a strong predictor of major cardiac events. The percentage stenosis mismatch between CT and ICA can be explained by the 2 dimensional nature of ICA and its interpretive inconsistencies. In the upcoming years, we need to evolve from focusing on lumen stenosis to a comprehensive assessment of CAD and its impact on patient outcome.
Cardiac MRI
Cardiac MRI provides high quality images of the heart and great vessels and can evaluate a wide range of cardiac diseases without exposing the patient to ionizing radiation. It has excellent soft tissue contrast and the ability to obtain multiplanar views. Rapid imaging sequences combined with ECG gating and respiratory gating help mitigate the challenges of cardiac motion. Different sequences such as T2-weighted, bright blood, and delayed enhancement are used to evaluate conditions such as myocardial infarction and viability. Cardiac MRI can assess injury extent, microvascular obstruction, hemorrhage, and predict response to therapy in acute MI. It is also useful for evaluating complications like thrombus and characterizing cardiac tumors.
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Cardiac CT uses X-rays and computer technology to image the heart and coronary arteries. It can detect calcium buildup in arteries, assess coronary arteries via angiography, and evaluate heart function. The test involves injecting contrast dye and potentially heart rate control drugs. Images are taken rapidly during breath-holds to freeze heart motion. Cardiac CT can diagnose heart disease by identifying plaque and blockages without the risks of angiography.
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This document summarizes the use of noninvasive MDCT imaging of the coronary arteries. It discusses the challenges of imaging small, rapidly moving coronary vessels. MDCT allows for successful coronary imaging with temporal resolution of 330-400ms, spatial resolution of 0.4-0.75mm, coverage of the heart in a single breath hold of 8-14 seconds. Sensitivity for detecting coronary stenosis is 80-86% for 4-16 slice MDCT and specificity is 90-97%. Potential clinical applications include decreasing invasive angiograms, improving risk assessment, detecting anomalies, and evaluating bypass grafts. Larger clinical trials are still needed to determine the impact on patient management.
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CT coronary angiography uses ECG gating to synchronize data acquisition with the cardiac cycle in order to reduce motion artifacts. Data can be acquired retrospectively by continuously scanning over multiple heartbeats and reconstructing different cardiac phases, or prospectively by only scanning during a targeted phase like mid-diastole. Placement of the ROI for bolus tracking is important to ensure consistent coronary enhancement. High temporal resolution under 200ms can be achieved through techniques like partial scan or multisegment reconstruction.
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The document provides guidance on performing various cardiac MRI sequences and views, including how to obtain basic views like the 2 chamber, 4 chamber, and short axis views. It also discusses considerations for special sequences like velocity encoded phase contrast imaging to quantify flow and gadolinium enhanced MRA. Advanced cardiac MRI tools are also outlined, such as myocardial perfusion imaging, tagging for wall motion analysis, and viability assessment with delayed enhancement.
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Ct angio ppt
CT provides noninvasive evaluation of cardiac structure and function. It uses ionizing radiation and reconstruction algorithms to form images. Advancements include increasing detector rows for wider coverage and shorter scan times. CT can assess coronary calcium scoring, coronary angiography, bypass graft/stent patency, cardiac morphology/function, and pericardial diseases. It is useful for diagnosing chest pain, coronary anomalies, and evaluating surgical candidates. Risks include radiation exposure and contrast nephropathy, so appropriate patient selection is important.
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This document discusses the evolution and advances in coronary CT angiography (CCTA) technology and its role in the assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD). Key points include:
- CCTA has advanced from early CT scanners with 4-minute scan times to modern multi-detector scanners that can image the entire heart in a single heartbeat.
- CCTA provides information on coronary artery anatomy, plaque characteristics, and has prognostic value when assessing coronary artery calcium scoring.
- CCTA has good accuracy for detecting CAD compared to invasive coronary angiography, especially for ruling out disease, though its role in asymptomatic patients is still unclear.
- CCTA is useful for evaluating coronary anomalies, bypass grafts,
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This document summarizes the key aspects of performing and interpreting a normal cardiac CT scan. It discusses the technique, including protocols for ECG gating and contrast injection. It then reviews the anatomy of the coronary arteries and important post-processing techniques like MPR, MIP, and VR. Segmental models for describing coronary artery anatomy are presented. Metrics for normal coronary artery diameter and left atrial area are provided. Common cardiac imaging planes and structures like the left ventricle and valves are also depicted.
Aarthi scan's
64 slice CT provides high resolution isotropic imaging that allows for improved diagnosis in cardiac, vascular, musculoskeletal and other applications. It provides advantages over older CT technologies such as reduced scan times allowing for single breathhold cardiac imaging. Cardiac applications include calcium scoring, assessment of coronary arteries and function. It is useful for evaluation of coronary artery disease in asymptomatic or symptomatic patients. Post processing techniques such as MIP and VRT allow sharp depiction of coronary arteries. While it has few disadvantages like artifacts from calcium and stents, 64 slice CT provides a non-invasive alternative to angiography for evaluation of many conditions.
Coronary CT- angiogram: physics
- Coronary CT angiography uses x-rays and contrast material to examine the coronary arteries with high spatial and temporal resolution. It is non-invasive compared to traditional coronary angiography.
- Key factors for cardiac imaging include high temporal resolution (<250ms), spatial resolution (<0.75mm), and synchronization with the cardiac cycle using ECG gating. Prospective and retrospective gating, partial and multi-segment reconstruction, and low pitch values (<0.5) help achieve this.
- Advances in multi-detector CT scanners, faster gantry rotation times (<330ms), and improved reconstruction algorithms now allow temporal resolutions as low as 80ms for coronary CT angiography.
Cardiac MRI
Cardiac MRI provides detailed images of the heart and blood vessels without using radiation. It has advanced significantly since its introduction in the 1980s. Developments in pulse sequences have improved image quality and allowed for faster acquisition times. Techniques like T2-weighted imaging and delayed enhancement MRI can identify heart muscle damage. Perfusion MRI evaluates blood flow and identifies areas with reduced flow. Further advances may integrate sequences, allow free breathing scans, and expand MRI's clinical and research roles in cardiology.
CARDIAC_CT_PRESENTATION
Cardiac CT is a specialized type of CT scan used to image the heart. It works by rapidly taking multiple X-ray images as the patient is moved through the scanner, and uses techniques like ECG gating and beta blockers to slow the heart rate and improve images of the moving organ. Cardiac CT is useful for evaluating symptoms of chest pain or breathlessness when other tests are inconclusive, and can also check on surgical repairs like stents or bypass grafts. Good candidates are symptomatic or asymptomatic patients where heart disease needs ruling out, while arrhythmias, renal failure or an uncooperative patient are contraindications unless pre-treated.
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Role of ct angiography in diagnosis of coronary anomalies
CT angiography plays an important role in diagnosing coronary artery anomalies. It provides detailed 3D images of the coronary arteries with high spatial and temporal resolution in a noninvasive manner. Proper patient preparation including beta blockers to lower heart rate and nitroglycerin to dilate arteries is important for optimal imaging. CT angiography can detect various types of anomalies such as anomalous coronary artery origins, fistulas, myocardial bridging, and duplication of arteries. It serves as a roadmap for cardiologists in guiding patient management.
Coronary CTA
This document discusses the use of coronary CT angiography to detect and characterize coronary artery anatomy and exclude morphological abnormalities. It notes the technique involves a preliminary scout study followed by contrast-enhanced imaging of the coronary arteries. Reconstructions include curved multi-planar views. The quality was deemed excellent with no artifacts. The impression was a total calcium score of zero, no evidence of stenosis or plaque, and a CAD-RADS classification of 0, recommending reassurance.
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Cardiac MRI can be used to evaluate ischemic heart disease in several ways:
1. Perfusion imaging with contrast can identify areas of reduced blood flow to the heart muscle during stress testing to detect blockages.
2. Late gadolinium enhancement reveals areas of injured or dead heart muscle through enhanced areas on imaging. This can help assess viability after heart attacks.
3. Functional imaging sequences like cine can evaluate the heart's structure, motion, and pumping ability to see effects of heart disease like reduced ejection fraction or wall thinning.
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This document provides an overview of cardiac MRI techniques, including coils, cardiac and respiratory motion compensation, pulse sequences, and clinical applications. It discusses using array coils and parallel imaging to reduce scan time. It describes ECG triggering for cardiac motion compensation and respiratory navigators for motion compensation. The main pulse sequences used in cardiac MRI are described as fast spin echo for black blood imaging and gradient echo, steady-state free precession, and echo-planar imaging for bright blood imaging. Clinical applications like function, perfusion, and flow are mentioned.
Cardiac mri
Cardiac MRI provides concise summaries of medical documents in 3 sentences or less:
Cardiac MRI has a history dating back to the 1970s when the first MRI machine was developed and techniques for generating images were discovered, leading to the Nobel Prize. MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed images of the heart and blood vessels without using ionizing radiation. Cardiac MRI is now used clinically to assess cardiac structure and function, detect ischemia and scar tissue, and evaluate various cardiomyopathies.
Cardiac mri&slice anatomy
The document provides instructions for positioning and planning various cardiac MRI scans, including 2D, 3D, and 4D views of the heart. It describes how to position slices on orthogonal localizers to visualize specific anatomical structures like the ventricles, valves, and septum. Views covered include the 4-chamber view, 2-chamber left ventricular view, short axis view, 3-chamber view, and planned views of the left ventricular outflow tract, aortic valve, mitral valve, and right ventricular outflow tract.
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Chapter 5 presentation
Cardiac CT scan and echocardiography are non-invasive tests used to examine the heart. Cardiac CT scan uses x-rays to produce detailed images of the heart and can detect problems like calcium buildup, heart valve issues, or blood clots. Echocardiography uses ultrasound to create moving images of the heart and is useful for assessing heart valve function and detecting issues like coronary artery disease. Both tests provide information about heart size, shape, and pumping ability without radiation exposure for echocardiography.
Non coronary cardiac CT
This document discusses the use of cardiac CT (CCT) for evaluating non-coronary cardiac conditions. It describes how CCT can assess myocardial diseases like dilated cardiomyopathy, left ventricular noncompaction, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. It also discusses how CCT evaluates pericardial diseases, valvular heart disease, cardiac masses, and congenital heart defects. CCT provides high resolution images of the heart and surrounding structures and can detect abnormalities in cardiac function, morphology, and tissue characteristics.
Lecture vienna september 16 2005
This document summarizes the use of noninvasive MDCT imaging of the coronary arteries. It discusses the challenges of imaging small, rapidly moving coronary vessels. MDCT allows for successful coronary imaging with temporal resolution of 330-400ms, spatial resolution of 0.4-0.75mm, coverage of the heart in a single breath hold of 8-14 seconds. Sensitivity for detecting coronary stenosis is 80-86% for 4-16 slice MDCT and specificity is 90-97%. Potential clinical applications include decreasing invasive angiograms, improving risk assessment, detecting anomalies, and evaluating bypass grafts. Larger clinical trials are still needed to determine the impact on patient management.
Coronary CT
The document provides an overview of coronary CT angiography (CCTA). It discusses recent advances in CCTA technology including perfusion imaging, spectral imaging, and fractional flow reserve CT (FFR-CT). The anatomy and physiology of the coronary arteries is described. The document outlines the equipment, indications, procedures, and post-processing techniques used in CCTA. It also discusses calcium scoring, artifacts, case studies, radiation dose, and limitations of CCTA.
Ct coronary angiography edited 1st
CT coronary angiography uses ECG gating to synchronize data acquisition with the cardiac cycle in order to reduce motion artifacts. Data can be acquired retrospectively by continuously scanning over multiple heartbeats and reconstructing different cardiac phases, or prospectively by only scanning during a targeted phase like mid-diastole. Placement of the ROI for bolus tracking is important to ensure consistent coronary enhancement. High temporal resolution under 200ms can be achieved through techniques like partial scan or multisegment reconstruction.
Cardiac ct ccta2
Cardiac CT-CCTA involves three main steps: patient preparation with beta blockade and nitroglycerine to lower heart rate, initial calcium scoring to identify atherosclerotic vessels, and coronary CTA scan using retrospective or prospective ECG gating. CCTA allows visualization of the coronary arteries and quantification of plaque type and stenosis. Normal coronary anatomy includes the left main artery bifurcating into the LAD and LCX, and the RCA originating from the right coronary cusp and dominantly supplying the posterior descending artery in most cases.
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The document provides guidance on performing various cardiac MRI sequences and views, including how to obtain basic views like the 2 chamber, 4 chamber, and short axis views. It also discusses considerations for special sequences like velocity encoded phase contrast imaging to quantify flow and gadolinium enhanced MRA. Advanced cardiac MRI tools are also outlined, such as myocardial perfusion imaging, tagging for wall motion analysis, and viability assessment with delayed enhancement.
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This document provides guidance on performing and interpreting coronary CT scans. It outlines steps for patient selection, protocols for calcium scoring and angiography images, and checklists for evaluating different anatomical areas. Key areas to examine include the coronary arteries, heart chambers, great vessels, lungs, mediastinum, abdomen, bones and skin/breasts. Specific pathological conditions are mentioned such as aneurysms, thrombi, stenoses, and valve abnormalities.
Ct angio ppt
CT provides noninvasive evaluation of cardiac structure and function. It uses ionizing radiation and reconstruction algorithms to form images. Advancements include increasing detector rows for wider coverage and shorter scan times. CT can assess coronary calcium scoring, coronary angiography, bypass graft/stent patency, cardiac morphology/function, and pericardial diseases. It is useful for diagnosing chest pain, coronary anomalies, and evaluating surgical candidates. Risks include radiation exposure and contrast nephropathy, so appropriate patient selection is important.
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This document discusses the evolution and advances in coronary CT angiography (CCTA) technology and its role in the assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD). Key points include:
- CCTA has advanced from early CT scanners with 4-minute scan times to modern multi-detector scanners that can image the entire heart in a single heartbeat.
- CCTA provides information on coronary artery anatomy, plaque characteristics, and has prognostic value when assessing coronary artery calcium scoring.
- CCTA has good accuracy for detecting CAD compared to invasive coronary angiography, especially for ruling out disease, though its role in asymptomatic patients is still unclear.
- CCTA is useful for evaluating coronary anomalies, bypass grafts,
Cardiac CT
Normal Cardiac CT
This document summarizes the key aspects of performing and interpreting a normal cardiac CT scan. It discusses the technique, including protocols for ECG gating and contrast injection. It then reviews the anatomy of the coronary arteries and important post-processing techniques like MPR, MIP, and VR. Segmental models for describing coronary artery anatomy are presented. Metrics for normal coronary artery diameter and left atrial area are provided. Common cardiac imaging planes and structures like the left ventricle and valves are also depicted.
Aarthi scan's
64 slice CT provides high resolution isotropic imaging that allows for improved diagnosis in cardiac, vascular, musculoskeletal and other applications. It provides advantages over older CT technologies such as reduced scan times allowing for single breathhold cardiac imaging. Cardiac applications include calcium scoring, assessment of coronary arteries and function. It is useful for evaluation of coronary artery disease in asymptomatic or symptomatic patients. Post processing techniques such as MIP and VRT allow sharp depiction of coronary arteries. While it has few disadvantages like artifacts from calcium and stents, 64 slice CT provides a non-invasive alternative to angiography for evaluation of many conditions.
Coronary CT- angiogram: physics
- Coronary CT angiography uses x-rays and contrast material to examine the coronary arteries with high spatial and temporal resolution. It is non-invasive compared to traditional coronary angiography.
- Key factors for cardiac imaging include high temporal resolution (<250ms), spatial resolution (<0.75mm), and synchronization with the cardiac cycle using ECG gating. Prospective and retrospective gating, partial and multi-segment reconstruction, and low pitch values (<0.5) help achieve this.
- Advances in multi-detector CT scanners, faster gantry rotation times (<330ms), and improved reconstruction algorithms now allow temporal resolutions as low as 80ms for coronary CT angiography.
Cardiac MRI
Cardiac MRI provides detailed images of the heart and blood vessels without using radiation. It has advanced significantly since its introduction in the 1980s. Developments in pulse sequences have improved image quality and allowed for faster acquisition times. Techniques like T2-weighted imaging and delayed enhancement MRI can identify heart muscle damage. Perfusion MRI evaluates blood flow and identifies areas with reduced flow. Further advances may integrate sequences, allow free breathing scans, and expand MRI's clinical and research roles in cardiology.
CARDIAC_CT_PRESENTATION
Cardiac CT is a specialized type of CT scan used to image the heart. It works by rapidly taking multiple X-ray images as the patient is moved through the scanner, and uses techniques like ECG gating and beta blockers to slow the heart rate and improve images of the moving organ. Cardiac CT is useful for evaluating symptoms of chest pain or breathlessness when other tests are inconclusive, and can also check on surgical repairs like stents or bypass grafts. Good candidates are symptomatic or asymptomatic patients where heart disease needs ruling out, while arrhythmias, renal failure or an uncooperative patient are contraindications unless pre-treated.
Ct coronary angiography gptalk
This document discusses CT coronary angiography (CTCA) indications and appropriate use. It provides 12 appropriate indications for CTCA, including evaluation of chest pain with intermediate pretest probability, assessment of coronary anomalies, and mapping of coronary veins prior to pacemaker placement. It also lists 4 inappropriate indications such as for asymptomatic patients. The document reviews diagnostic accuracy, preparation for CTCA, and Medicare rebates. It emphasizes CTCA is cost-effective for evaluating chest pain when pretest risk of coronary artery disease is up to 65%.
Role of ct angiography in diagnosis of coronary anomalies
CT angiography plays an important role in diagnosing coronary artery anomalies. It provides detailed 3D images of the coronary arteries with high spatial and temporal resolution in a noninvasive manner. Proper patient preparation including beta blockers to lower heart rate and nitroglycerin to dilate arteries is important for optimal imaging. CT angiography can detect various types of anomalies such as anomalous coronary artery origins, fistulas, myocardial bridging, and duplication of arteries. It serves as a roadmap for cardiologists in guiding patient management.
Coronary CTA
This document discusses the use of coronary CT angiography to detect and characterize coronary artery anatomy and exclude morphological abnormalities. It notes the technique involves a preliminary scout study followed by contrast-enhanced imaging of the coronary arteries. Reconstructions include curved multi-planar views. The quality was deemed excellent with no artifacts. The impression was a total calcium score of zero, no evidence of stenosis or plaque, and a CAD-RADS classification of 0, recommending reassurance.
CARDIAC MRI IN ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASES
Cardiac MRI can be used to evaluate ischemic heart disease in several ways:
1. Perfusion imaging with contrast can identify areas of reduced blood flow to the heart muscle during stress testing to detect blockages.
2. Late gadolinium enhancement reveals areas of injured or dead heart muscle through enhanced areas on imaging. This can help assess viability after heart attacks.
3. Functional imaging sequences like cine can evaluate the heart's structure, motion, and pumping ability to see effects of heart disease like reduced ejection fraction or wall thinning.
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Role of ct angiography in diagnosis of coronary anomalies
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Cardiac MRI principle
This document provides an overview of cardiac MRI techniques, including coils, cardiac and respiratory motion compensation, pulse sequences, and clinical applications. It discusses using array coils and parallel imaging to reduce scan time. It describes ECG triggering for cardiac motion compensation and respiratory navigators for motion compensation. The main pulse sequences used in cardiac MRI are described as fast spin echo for black blood imaging and gradient echo, steady-state free precession, and echo-planar imaging for bright blood imaging. Clinical applications like function, perfusion, and flow are mentioned.
Cardiac mri
Cardiac MRI provides concise summaries of medical documents in 3 sentences or less:
Cardiac MRI has a history dating back to the 1970s when the first MRI machine was developed and techniques for generating images were discovered, leading to the Nobel Prize. MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed images of the heart and blood vessels without using ionizing radiation. Cardiac MRI is now used clinically to assess cardiac structure and function, detect ischemia and scar tissue, and evaluate various cardiomyopathies.
Cardiac mri&slice anatomy
The document provides instructions for positioning and planning various cardiac MRI scans, including 2D, 3D, and 4D views of the heart. It describes how to position slices on orthogonal localizers to visualize specific anatomical structures like the ventricles, valves, and septum. Views covered include the 4-chamber view, 2-chamber left ventricular view, short axis view, 3-chamber view, and planned views of the left ventricular outflow tract, aortic valve, mitral valve, and right ventricular outflow tract.
Nguyen khoi viet cardiac mri for the evaluation of ischemic heart disease jfi...
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Cardiac MRI can be used to evaluate ischemic heart disease through various techniques:
1) Stress perfusion MRI can detect myocardial ischemia with high sensitivity and specificity compared to other modalities like SPECT.
2) Dobutamine stress MRI evaluates cardiac function and wall motion abnormalities under stress, identifying areas of ischemia.
3) Delayed enhancement MRI precisely determines infarct size and identifies viable versus non-viable tissue for evaluating prognosis and treatment.
Cardiac MRI provides a comprehensive non-invasive approach for assessing ischemic heart disease.Ā
Cardiac MRI
Myocardial viability testing is important in patients with coronary disease and severely reduced left ventricular systolic function to determine whether revascularization may improve outcomes by identifying dysfunctional but still viable myocardium. Revascularization of viable myocardium can help recover function and symptoms, whereas predominantly scarred myocardium will not benefit from revascularization.
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MRI was able to detect acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain with higher sensitivity and specificity than other tests like ECG, troponin levels, and TIMI risk score. In a study of 161 patients, MRI showed 84% sensitivity and 85% specificity for detecting ACS compared to 28% sensitivity for ECG. MRI also detected non-ST elevation myocardial infarction with 100% sensitivity compared to 30% for ECG. MRI provides a safe, noninvasive tool for evaluating chest pain in the emergency department and can effectively triage patients.
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This document discusses various cardiovascular imaging modalities including their uses, strengths, and limitations. It covers modalities such as chest x-ray, echocardiography, nuclear medicine studies, MRI, CT, ultrasound, and invasive angiography. For each modality, it provides examples of what cardiovascular structures or conditions they can best evaluate such as valve function, wall motion, perfusion, coronary arteries, aneurysms, and more. It also notes some modalities may be used for both diagnostic and interventional purposes.
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MRI basic sequences
1. MRI physics involves the behavior of spins under magnetic fields and the use of radiofrequency pulses to manipulate spin alignment and generate signals.
2. Different pulse sequences such as spin echo, gradient echo, and inversion recovery use varying combinations of excitation pulses, rephasing gradients, and timing delays to produce images weighted towards T1, T2, proton density or other tissue contrasts.
3. Sequence parameters like repetition time (TR), echo time (TE), and inversion time (TI) determine the relative contributions of T1, T2 and other factors to image contrast.
Mri basics
MRI utilizes strong magnetic fields and radiofrequency pulses to obtain signals from the brain without using radiation. Different pulse sequences (T1, T2, FLAIR, etc.) provide contrast between different brain tissues and pathology. T1 images are useful for visualizing brain borders and lesions pre-contrast. T2 images best show anatomy and most lesions appear bright. FLAIR suppresses CSF signal. Contrast agents can cross the placenta so are not used in early pregnancy. Restricted diffusion on DWI/ADC indicates acute processes like ischemia or abscess.
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Importance of imaging for the cardiac surgeon
- 1. Cardiac CT, MRI Imaging for the Surgeon Dr. S.K. Varma. MS, FRCS(Ed), MCh, DNB, FIACS Chief Cardiothoracic Surgeon KG Hospital, Coimbatore 641018 www.skvarma.com
- 2. Cardiac Imaging Modalities ā¢ CXR ā¢ Echo ā¢ CT ā¢ MRI ā¢ Nuclear Scintigraphy ā¢ Cardiac Catheterisation
- 3. Good CT Imaging ā¢ 64 slice ā¢ ECG gated ā¢ Preferably dual source ā¢ HR 60/min, regular rhythm
- 5. Coronary Anatomy (3D Reconstruction) ā¢ Multiple planes ā¢ Multiple views ā¢ Exact course ā¢ Intramyocardial course
- 6. Anatomy distal to total occlusion
- 7. Post PCI stent evaluation
- 8. Post CABG graft evaluation
- 10. Distance from sternum (Redo procedures)
- 12. Anatomy of the aortic root
- 14. Anatomy of Aortic Dissection
- 15. Anatomy of access vessels (TAVI, endovascular aortic stenting)
- 16. To r/o pulmonary embolism
- 17. Evaluation of Pericardial Disease
- 18. Cardiac MRI for the Surgeon
- 19. Good MRI study ā¢ ECG gated ā¢ 1.5 tesla ā¢ Contrast enhanced
- 21. Dobutamie/ adenosine stress MRI
- 22. Cardiac volumes & masses
- 24. Myocardial tissue charecteristics ā¢ Oedema ā¢ Inflammation ā¢ Metabolism ā¢ Fibrosis
- 25. CT or MRI ? How to decide? ā¢ CT ā¢ Structural evaluation ā¢ Coronary anatomy ā¢ Avoid magnetic fields ā¢ Iodine based contrast ā¢ MRI ā¢ Functional evaluation ā¢ Anatomy of infarct ā¢ Avoid radiation ā¢ Gadolinium based
- 26. Contraindications to CT ā¢ Avoid radiation (Pregnancy) ā¢ Anaphylaxis to iodine based contrast ā¢ Fast heart rate, irregular rhythm
- 27. Contraindications to cardiac MRI ā¢ Prosthetic valve ā¢ Pacemaker / AICD ā¢ Coils / stents ā¢ Occluder devices ā¢ Cochlear implants ā¢ Critically ill patients (ventilator, inotrope dependent)
- 28. Contrast Induced Nephropathy ā¢ >25% increase in renal function within 48-72 hrs of IV contrast ā¢ Can occur as long as after 7 days after ā¢ Direct cytotoxicity + vasoconstriction on PCT ā¢ Common with hypo-osmolar contast ā¢ Less with iso-osmolar contrast ā¢ Common in elderly, diabetics, CKD, dehydration
- 29. Contrast Induced Nephropathy ā¢ Volume of contrast ā¢ Treatment ā hydration, forced diuresis, N Acetyl cystine, NAHCO3, high dose statins
- 30. Summary
- 31. Mobile: 9443021267 E Mail: varmask@hotmail.com Web: www.skvarma.com