DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is considered the molecular blueprint of life. It is a double-stranded molecule consisting of two molecular chains wrapped around each other. Each strand contains a series of bases - adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine - connected by a sugar-phosphate backbone. The order of these bases determines the sequence, with complementary sequences on each strand such that adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine. DNA contains the instructions needed for organisms to grow, develop, survive, and reproduce by controlling protein synthesis.
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic dna replication with their clinical applicationsrohini sane
A comprehensive presentation on Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic DNA Replication with their clinical applications for MBBS , BDS, B Pharm & Biotechnology students to facilitate self- study.
This ppt covers:
Central dogma, discoverer of central dogma, Reason why its called central dogma, DNA, RNA, Protein, functions of protein, Types of RNA, DNA replication, Protein synthesis, Transcription, Translation, Exceptions of central dogma, Reverse transcription , prions, genetic code, mutation with types and causes
This presentation deals with DNA replication in mamalian mitochondria. Mammalian mtDNA is replicated by proteins distinct from those used for nuclear DNA replication. According to the strand displacement model, replication is initiated from two distinct origins, OH and OL.
RNA Polymerase
Introduction
Purification
History
PRODUCTS OF RNAP
Messenger RNA
Non-coding RNA or "RNA genes
Transfer RNA
Ribosomal RNA
Micro RNA
Catalytic RNA (Ribozyme)
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Transcription by RNA Polymerase
TYPES OF RNA POLYMERASE
Type I
Type II
Type III
Prokaryotic Transcription Unit
EXPRESSION OF A PROKARYOTIC GENE
Prokaryotic Polycistronic Message Codes for Several Different Proteins
Eukaryotic Transcription Unit
ENHANCERS AND SILENCERS
RESULT OF THE TRANSCRIPTION CYCLE
RNAP III TRANSCRIBES HUMAN MICRORNAS
RNAP I–specific subunits promote polymerase clustering to enhance the rRNA gene transcription cycle
RNAP II–TFIIB STRUCTURE AND MECHANISM OF TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION
FIVE CHECKPOINTS MAINTAINING THE FIDELITY OF TRANSCRIPTION BY RNAP IN STRUCTURAL AND ENERGETIC DETAILS
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic dna replication with their clinical applicationsrohini sane
A comprehensive presentation on Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic DNA Replication with their clinical applications for MBBS , BDS, B Pharm & Biotechnology students to facilitate self- study.
This ppt covers:
Central dogma, discoverer of central dogma, Reason why its called central dogma, DNA, RNA, Protein, functions of protein, Types of RNA, DNA replication, Protein synthesis, Transcription, Translation, Exceptions of central dogma, Reverse transcription , prions, genetic code, mutation with types and causes
This presentation deals with DNA replication in mamalian mitochondria. Mammalian mtDNA is replicated by proteins distinct from those used for nuclear DNA replication. According to the strand displacement model, replication is initiated from two distinct origins, OH and OL.
RNA Polymerase
Introduction
Purification
History
PRODUCTS OF RNAP
Messenger RNA
Non-coding RNA or "RNA genes
Transfer RNA
Ribosomal RNA
Micro RNA
Catalytic RNA (Ribozyme)
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Transcription by RNA Polymerase
TYPES OF RNA POLYMERASE
Type I
Type II
Type III
Prokaryotic Transcription Unit
EXPRESSION OF A PROKARYOTIC GENE
Prokaryotic Polycistronic Message Codes for Several Different Proteins
Eukaryotic Transcription Unit
ENHANCERS AND SILENCERS
RESULT OF THE TRANSCRIPTION CYCLE
RNAP III TRANSCRIBES HUMAN MICRORNAS
RNAP I–specific subunits promote polymerase clustering to enhance the rRNA gene transcription cycle
RNAP II–TFIIB STRUCTURE AND MECHANISM OF TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION
FIVE CHECKPOINTS MAINTAINING THE FIDELITY OF TRANSCRIPTION BY RNAP IN STRUCTURAL AND ENERGETIC DETAILS
Streamlining DNA Preparation: Techniques and ApplicationsBlueheronbio
DNA preparation, or DNA prep, refers to the process of isolating and purifying DNA molecules from biological samples for various downstream applications. This essential step is crucial for conducting genetic analysis, molecular biology experiments, and diagnostic assays. DNA prep techniques encompass a range of methods, including extraction, purification, quantification, and quality assessment.
In this poster you are going to be exposed to the DNA structure, composition and information it contains. Can you imagine that you have a nucleus in each cell and within that nucleus is a full strand of DNA. However there is an exception for the gamete [sex cells] which contain only half [1/2] the genetic/DNA a normal cell should have. These are also known as haploid cells.
Visit my account on canva, as well as my designs to get a clearer information on biology, chemistry and physics.
[salwa.ucmas@gmail.com]
DNA:
content:
Definition
Examples
structure of DNA
rDNA
Sequence of DNA
Applications
History
Definition
DNA, short for deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. It is a long, double-stranded helical structure made up of smaller units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T).
DNA
The nucleotides in DNA are connected by bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next, forming a sugar-phosphate backbone. The nitrogenous bases extend from the backbone and pair together to form complementary base pairs: adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine. These base pairs create the rungs of the DNA ladder-like structure.
Examples of DNA can be found in various organisms and even in some viruses. Here are a few examples:
Human DNA: The DNA found in the cells of humans contains the genetic information that determines our physical traits, such as eye color, height, and susceptibility to certain diseases. It consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes, with each chromosome containing a long DNA molecule.
Animal DNA: DNA exists in all animals, and each species has its unique DNA sequence. For example, the DNA of dogs, cats, horses, and birds contains the instructions that define their specific characteristics and traits.
Plant DNA: Plants also have DNA in their cells. The DNA of plants carries the information required for their growth, development, and reproduction. It determines factors like the color of flowers, the taste of fruits, and the plant's response to environmental conditions.
Bacterial DNA: Bacteria possess DNA in the form of circular molecules called plasmids and a single, main chromosome. Bacterial DNA carries the necessary information for bacterial growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
Viral DNA: Some viruses have DNA as their genetic material. For example, the Herpes simplex virus and the Varicella-zoster virus have double-stranded DNA genomes. Viral DNA contains the instructions for the virus to infect host cells, replicate, and produce new viral particles.
Ancient DNA: DNA can also be extracted from ancient remains such as bones, teeth, or preserved tissue. By analyzing ancient DNA, scientists can gain insights into the genetic makeup of extinct species and ancestral populations, helping to understand evolutionary processes and genetic relationships.
Structure of DNA;
The structure of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double-stranded, helical molecule that consists of nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of three components: a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. There are four types of nitrogenous bases found in DNA: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T).
The structure of DNA is often described as a double
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
3. DNA or Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Is considered as the Molecular Blueprint of life.
DNA is a long, double stranded molecule that
consists of two single molecular chains wrapped
around each other. Each strand consists of a series of
bases connected to each other through a backbone of
sugar molecules. There are four different bases:
adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. They are
very frequently referred to simply by their first
initials: A, G, C and T. The order of those bases on a
strand of DNA is called the sequence. The sequence
on one strand of DNA is matched by a
complementary sequence on its opposite, matched
strand. A is matched with T and C is matched with G.
So where one strand of DNA has a CAATGC, the other
will have a GTTACG.
4. Blue print of life
DNA is called the blueprint of life because it
contains the instructions needed for an
organism to grow, develop, survive and
reproduce. DNA does this by controlling protein
synthesis.
Because all the information necessary to make a
living organism is stored in the DNA. No other part
of the cell contains a permanent record of how to
make a new cell, or a new tissue, or a new
organism.
5. •DNA is made up of molecules called
nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains
a phosphate group, a sugar group and
a nitrogen base. The four types of
nitrogen bases are adenine (A),
thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine
(C).
8. Chromosomes
•a threadlike structure of nucleic
acids and protein found in the
nucleus of most living cells, carrying
genetic information in the form of
genes.
9. Histone
• DNA double helix is first attach to
protein structures called histones. These
proteins can bind tightly to DNA.
10. Nucleosomes
• A nucleosome is a structure in your chromosomes, or
bundled DNA. Each nucleosome has a core
particle, DNA, and a linker protein. The proteins in
the core particle and linker proteins are
called histones. The DNA will wrap around the core
particle about 1.65 times and is secured by the linker
protein. This figure shows a drawing of a nucleosome.
