DNA contains the genetic instructions that determine an organism's inherited traits. It is found in the nuclei of cells as long, thin molecules composed of nucleotides containing one of four nitrogen bases. The bases bond with each other in DNA's double helix structure according to base-pairing rules. DNA stores and transmits these genetic instructions from parents to offspring by directing the synthesis of proteins via the central dogma process, in which DNA is transcribed into RNA and then translated into protein. A full set of DNA is called a genome, and DNA molecules are packaged into chromosomes within the cell nucleus.

1. What is DNA?

2. The chemical digestion process uses proteins
and enzymes to break down the particles of
food into usable nutrients which our cells can
absorb.
The instructions to generate proteins are
contained in our DNA where the genes are
found.

3. The “Central Dogma” is the process
which converts the instructions in the
DNA into a functional biological product
called Protein. It was first proposed by
the discoverer of the DNA structure,
Francis Crick, in 1958.

4. James Watson and Francis Crick in
1953, worked out that DNA is double
helix which appears like a staircase. The
sides of the double helix structure are
the sugar phosphate backbones and the
steps or rungs are the base pairs

5. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the genetic
material of all organisms on Earth from microbes
to plants and human beings. An organism’s
complete set of DNAs, including all of its genes is
called genome.
A genome contains a complete set of
information which determines inherited physical
characteristics such as height, skin, eye and hair color
and many
others.

6. The DNA is a thin long molecule found in the cell’s
nucleus which is made up of nucleotides. The basic
structure of nucleotide consists of a phosphate group,
sugar and a nitrogenous base.
The four different type of nucleotides of DNA are
adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine which are
represented by their first letter A, T, G, C. These four
nucleotides are paired as (Adenine-Thymine) and
(Guanine-Cytosine) into billions to organize a double
helix structure.

8. DNA molecules fold into paired packages called
chromosomes that are stored in the nucleus of the
cell. Different species have different numbers of
chromosomes, and humans have 23 pairs.
Chromosome contain many genes and on each
string of DNA contains the gene which is the basic
unit of heredity and a segment that describes how a
certain protein is made.