DNA stores genetic information that controls protein production and organism biochemistry. It has a double helix structure, with strands composed of sugar-phosphate backbones and attached nucleotide bases that pair through hydrogen bonding between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus, where it is packaged into chromosomes, but mitochondria also contain a small amount of mitochondrial DNA.

1. DNA STRUCTURE
AND
FUNCTION
DIAMSAY, ELISHA GRACE B.
MENDOZA, LINETTE M.

2. Rosalind Franklin
used X-ray
crystallography
to help visualize
the structure of
DNA.

3. James D. Watson and Francis
Crick, co-originators of the double-
helix model.

4. What is DNA?
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is
the hereditary material in
humans and almost all other
organisms. Nearly every cell in a
person’s body has the same DNA.

5. Where is it located?
Most DNA is located in the
cell nucleus (where it is
called nuclear DNA), but a
small amount of DNA can
also be found in the
mitochondria (where it is
called mitochondrial DNA or
mtDNA).

6. FUNCTION
DNA stores an organism's genetic
information and controls the
production of proteins and is thus
responsible for the biochemistry of
an organism.

7. DNA STRUCTURE
• The structure of DNA is
illustrated by a right
handed double helix, with
about 10 nucleotide pairs
per helical turn
• Each spiral
strand, composed of a
sugar phosphate
backbone and attached
bases, is connected to a
complementary strand by
hydrogen bonding (non-
covalent) between paired
bases, adenine (A) with
thymine (T) and guanine
(G) with cytosine (C).

8. Adenine forms 2
bonds with
Thymine.
Guanine forms 3
bonds with
Cytosine.

10. Sugar - Either ribose or deoxyribose (in RNA or DNA).
Nitrogenous base
Purines consist of a six-membered and a five-
membered nitrogen-containing ring, fused together
– Adenine
– Guanine
Pyridmidines have only a six-membered nitrogen-
containing ring.
– Uracil (RNA)
– Thymine
– Cytosine
Phosphates - One to three, two of which are usually
hydrolyzed to provide the energy to attach the
nucleotide and form the phosphodiester bond.

11. Base Pairing of DNA
• In a DNA double helix, each type of
nucleobase on one strand normally interacts
with just one type of nucleobase on the other
strand. This is called complementary base
pairing
• Purines form hydrogen bonds to
pyrimidines, with A bonding only to T, and C
bonding only to G.