This document discusses weather and climate. It defines weather as the current conditions of the atmosphere at a specific time and place, while climate is the pattern of weather conditions over many years. The document outlines several factors that affect climate, such as sunlight, oceans, mountains, and altitude. It also describes tools that scientists use to measure and study weather conditions like temperature, wind speed and direction, humidity, air pressure, and rainfall.

1. January 2013
What are
weather
?climate

2. Why we measure weather
Weather is what the air is like outside.
You might say it is too hot or too cold.
You might describe the weather
temperature by
34 Celsius 93 Fahrenheit

3. Celsius and Fahrenheit are scales
used to measure temperature.
Scientists measure weather so
that they can describe its
. characteristics exactly

4. Weather and
climate

5. Weather
Weather includes the kinds of -
clouds in the sky and the amount
of water in the air.
-It includes the air temperature
.and how the wind is blowing
Weather is what the air is like in
.a place at a single moment

6. Clouds in the sky

7. Wind blowing

8. climate
Climate is the pattern of
weather in a place over many
years.
1) Climate includes an area`s
average temperatures.
2) It includes the average
amount . of precipitation

9. The climate of a place can
change, but it takes many
years.
Weather can change every
. day

10. Factors That
Affect Climate

11. 1
sunlight

12. The amount of sunlight a place
receives affects climate.
Sunlight hits Earth directly at
the equator.
The equator is an imaginary line
that circles Earth Pole.
Places near the equator have
warmer climates than places
. farther from it

13. Sunlight hits Earth at the equator

15. 2
ocean

16. The ocean also affects climate.
Places near the ocean often have
milder temperatures than places
inland.
. They receive more precipitation

18. 3
mountains

19. Mountains and other landforms
.may affect climate too
Winter is mild and wet Winter is cold and dry

20. The west side of
the mountain has
.mild, wet winters

21. The east side of
the mountain has
.cold , dry winters

22. 4
altitude

23. Altitude affects climate .
Altitude is the height above sea
level.
Temperature at the top of a
mountain would be colder
than temperatures at the
.bottom

24. altitude

25. altitude

27. Factors that
affect Local
Weather

28. Scientists study temperature,
speed, and direction of wind to
predict weather.
They measure air pressure and
the amount of moisture in the
air too.
They also look at wind and ocean
.currents

29. Wind
currents

30. The atmosphere is the blanket of
air that surrounds Earth.
The atmosphere is made up of
gases that have no color, taste,
or odor.These gases have weight.
The air pressure : when the
weight of the atmosphere
presses . down on Earth

32. Heat from the sun, air pressure,
and Earth`s rotation work
together to cause wind.
The sun heats up the air in some
areas more than other areas.
Warm air has less pressure
than cold air. Cool air sinks
because it has more pressure.
.This makes warm air rise

33. Winds form as air flows from
areas of high pressure
areas of low pressure
Earth`s rotation influences the
.direction of the flow

35. Jet streams are fast winds high
above Earth`s surface.
Jet streams can affect local
weather by changing
temperatures, surface winds,
.and precipitation

36. Jet streams

38. ocean
currents

39. water cycle
The ocean affects climate
weather
The ocean can absorb, store, and
release vast amounts of heat.
Changes in ocean temperatures
help produce hurricanes, floods,
droughts, and other severe weather
. events

40. Ocean currents are bodies of water
that move in a certain direction.
Winds blowing across the ocean`s
surface help produce waves.
Waves cause currents.
Currents affect weather and
climate by carrying the ocean`s
1
23
heat . from place to place

41. The Red arrows show warm currents.
The blue arrows . show cold currents

42. Tools for Measuring
Weather

43. Scientists use a number of tools to help
them measure and describe weather.
These tools help them predict what the
weather will be like.
Anemometer measures wind speed
Wind vane shows the direction
from . which the wind is blowing

44. anemometer

46. Wind vane

48. Hygrometer measures how much
water vapor is in the air.
Humidity is the amount of water
vapor in the air.
is low when air is dry
humidity
is high when air has
more . water vapor in it

49. hygrometer

50. Rain gauge measures how much
.rain has fallen

51. Barometer measures air pressure.
Changes in air pressure are clues to the
kind of . weather that is on the way

52. Low air pressure means the
weather will be:
cloudy rainy
High air pressure means fair
weather with:
sunny clear skies