The document outlines learning objectives regarding weather and climate, including definitions, differences, and influencing factors. Weather represents short-term atmospheric conditions that can change rapidly, while climate is the long-term average of weather patterns. Key factors affecting both include solar distance, latitude, air pressure, altitude, and proximity to the sea.

1. THE WEATHER AND CLIMATE

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After the topic, the students will be able to:
1. Define what is weather and climate;
2. Differentiates weather and climate and;
3. Identify factors affecting weather and climate; and
4. Define climate variability.

3. WEATHER
SHORT-TERM atmospheric conditions.
WEATHER can change from minute-to-minute, hour-to-hour, day-to-
day, and season-to-season

4. THINGS THAT MAKE UP
OUR WEATHER
Weather includes sunshine, rain, cloud cover, winds, hail, snow,
sleet, freezing rain, flooding, blizzards, ice storms, thunderstorms,
rains from a cold front or warm front, excessive heat, heat waves
more.

5. CLIMATE  The average weather in a place over many
years. While the weather can change in just a
few hours, climate takes
• hundreds, thousands, even millions of
years to change.

6. FACTORS
AFFECTING
WEATHER
•Solar distance
•Latitudinal Location
•Air Pressure
•Water presence

7. SOLAR
DISTANCE
• Earth's distance from the sun changes throughout its
orbit, resulting in up to a 4-degree Fahrenheit difference
between the closest and furthest points.

8. SOLAR
DISTANCE
• The oscillating tilt of the planet creates much larger weather
effects, because the tilt toward or away from the sun over the
course of the year determines the amount of heat that part of the
planet will receive.

9. LATITUDINAL
LOCATION
• At the equator, weather does not change much,
because that latitude always receives roughly
the same amount of sunlight: around 12 hours a
day.
• As you move away from the equator, however,
you receive more or less sunlight, depending on
the season.
• Polar regions experience extremely long days
in summer and extremely long nights in winter.
Both summer and winter temperatures also cool
gradually as you move north or south of the
equator.

10. AIR
PRESSURE
• Air pressure is influenced
by the differences between
hotter and cooler pockets of
air, or fronts.
• When the pockets are very
different in temperature,
they try to mix, creating
movement and pressure.

11. AIR
PRESSURE
• As air attempts to equalize
by moving from high
pressure areas to low
pressure areas, this causes
wind.
• When pressure is low, air is
rising, which often means
moisture accumulation in
the atmosphere.

12. AIR
PRESSURE
• When atmospheric
pressure is high, air is
pushed down toward the
surface, meaning rain and
moisture don't accumulate.
• This often also leads to
high humidity near the
surface of the Earth, where
people experience weather.

13. LOW PRESSURE
SYSTEM
• Has lower pressure at its center than the areas
around it. Winds blow towards the low pressure,
and the air rises in the atmosphere where they
meet. As the air rises, the water vapor within it
condenses, forming clouds and often
precipitation.
• Because of Earth’s spin and the Coriolis Effect,
winds of a low-pressure system swirl
counterclockwise north of the equator and
clockwise south of the equator.

14. HIGH PRESSURE
SYSTEM
• Has higher pressure at its center than the areas
around it. Winds blow away from high pressure.
Swirling in the opposite direction from a low
pressure system, the winds of a high pressure
system rotate clockwise north of the equator and
counterclockwise south of the equator.

15. LOW PRESSURE VS HIGH PRESSURE

16. WATER PRESENCE
• The presence of water has a significant impact on
weather. Nearby bodies of water add moisture to the
atmosphere in the form of evaporation, which is why
places near oceans or lakes, for instance, are usually
wetter than the desert.

17. FACTORS
AFFECTING
CLIMATE
• Latitude
• Altitude
• Proximity to the sea

18. LATITUDE
• Is the distance a region is from the equator, to the north or south.
• A region's latitude determines how much solar energy it receives
from the sun.
• This is because the Earth is tilted. This way, the closer you are to
the Equator, the hotter the climate is going to be.

19. ALTITUDE
 Altitude refers to the vertical distance
between the lowest point and the
highest point of an area. A land's
altitude is calculated by measuring the
distance from sea level to the highest
point.
As we go higher and
higher, the climate
becomes cooler.

20. DISTANCE
FROM THE SEA
• land heats and cools faster than
the sea.
• Therefore, coastal areas have a
lower temperature range than
those areas inland.
• On the coast winters are mild
and summers are cool. In inland
areas temperatures are high in
the summer and cold in the
winter.

21. CLIMATE VARIATION
• To understand the climate of our planet Earth and its variations and
to understand and possibly predict the changes of the climate
brought about by human activities, one cannot ignore any of these
many factors and components that determine the climate.

22. ADVANCE READING
• Read about Climate Systems
Important terms
• Atmosphere
• Biosphere
• Land Surface
• Cryosphere
• Hydrosphere