Weather refers to short term atmospheric conditions while climate describes long term weather patterns of a location. The study of weather is called meteorology, while the study of climate is called climatology. Various elements that determine weather include temperature, sunshine, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, winds, humidity and clouds. These elements are influenced by factors like latitude, altitude, distance from oceans, wind direction and ocean currents. Instruments like thermometers, barometers, hygrometers, and anemometers are used to measure and record these weather elements.

1. Chapter 3
Weather & Climate

2. Weather
The condition of atmosphere at a particular point of
time or over a few hours to a few days is called weather
CLIMATE
The average expected at a particular place as a long
term pattern is called climate
The study of climate is called climatology
The study of weather is called meteorology

3. Difference between climate and weather

4. Causes behind weather
The earth receive different amount of sunlight
which causes the warming of the surrounding air.
The air that goes up in the atmosphere expands
after attaining a certain height and this expansion
makes it cooler .cool air becomes heavy and starts
sinking downwards. this sinking air increases the
air pressure of the region where it descends .this
call a ‘ high pressure’ area .
The cyclic movement of rising and sinking of air is
called a convection current .

6. Elements of weather
 Temperature
 Sunshine
 Precipitation
 Atmospheric pressure
 Winds
 Humidity
 clouds

7. Elements of weather
 Temperature
Temperature refers to how hot or cold the atmosphere
is. It is measured in degrees Celsius or degrees
Fahrenheit with a thermometer.
Latitude
Altitude
Distance from the sea
Direction of winds
Ocean currents

8. sunshine
Sunshine refers to direct sunlight. it is measured in
hours. The instrument used to determine the amount
of sunshine experienced in an area in a day is a
Campbell stokes sunshine recorder.

9. Precipitation
Precipitation refers to the various ways in
which water falls from the atmosphere to
the ground.
•Rain
•Snow
•Hail
•Frost
•Dew

10. Atmospheric pressure
Atmospheric pressure refers to the weight of the atmosphere pressing down on the earth
surface.
The instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure is called a barometer.
Temperature
Altitude
Winds
Winds blow from areas of high pressure to areas of low
pressure . Two aspects of wind are important for weather
conditions -Directions & Speed.
Wind direction is measured using a wind vane or a wind
sock.

11. Humidity
Humidity term refers to the amount of moisture in the
atmosphere
1.Absolute Humidity
2.Relative Humidity
Relative humidity is measured using a hygrometer.

12. Clouds
Clouds are made up of drops of water

13. Weather Instruments
1.Thermometer
2. Barometer
3.Hygrometer
4.Rain Gauge
5.Anemometer

14. 1.Thermometer
Thermometers measure the outdoor temperatures in
degrees Fahrenheit and degree Celsius.
Types of Thermometer
1.Mercury Thermometer
2.Alcohol Thermometer
3. Electrical Max/Min Temperature sensor(MMTS)

15. Barometer
Barometer measure atmospheric pressure,
providing the measurement in millibars
Barograph

16. Barometer

17. Aneroid Barometer
The aneroid barometer is portable and hence is easier to use if required to
Measure the air pressure of different areas.

18. Isohyets & isotherm
Isohyets can be defined as a line which joins the points of
equal rainfall on a map in a given period.
A map with isohyets is called on isohyetal map
Isotherm is an imaginary line that connects two areas that are
Having the same temperature.
Isotherms are used to make temperature maps.

19. Human Impact on
Climate & Weather