Minerals and rocks are natural, non-living materials. Minerals are the building blocks of rocks and give rocks their properties. There are three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooled lava or magma underground or at the Earth's surface. Sedimentary rocks form from compressed and cemented sediments over millions of years. Metamorphic rocks were originally igneous or sedimentary rocks that were changed by heat and pressure within the Earth.

1. What are
minerals
?and rocks

2. Minerals and rocks
Rock is natural, solid, nonliving -
material made of one or more
minerals.
- Mineral is natural, nonliving
.material that makes up rock

3. rocks get their properties from the minerals they contain.
The properties of rocks include
color and texture.
Grains are bits of minerals. They
are big enough to see them.
Texture is the size and pattern
.of a rock`s grains

5. quartz

8. granite

10. Rocks Minerals
Get properties from
Minerals they
contain
each has its own
properties
Natural,
nonliving
material

11. Identifying
Minerals

12. 1
property

13. Color is a property of a mineral that
is easy to see. But some minerals can
be found in different colors. Quartz
pink purple yellow
brown white black

14. The mineral magnetite has the property
of magnetism. Objects that contain iron
.are pulled to the magnetite

15. 2
Color

16. Another way to identify a
mineral is by the color in its
power form.
When you rub a mineral across a
rough surface, it may leave a
. streak mark or powder

17. 3
luster

18. Luster is a property that describes
how a mineral reflects light. Minerals
pearly silky

19. greasy glassy
dull metallic

20. 4
Testing
hardness

21. Talc is a mineral that is so soft you
can scratch it with your fingernail.
.The hardest mineral is diamond

22. Sulfur is slightly harder than talc. But
you can . scratch it with your fingernail

23. 5
cleavag
e

24. cleavage is how minerals break
apart along weak.
Some minerals break in one direction.
Other minerals break in two or
more directions.
Mica breaks in one direction.
Diamonds break in four directions

25. Mica

27. Igneous rock

28. Melted rock sometimes forms
beneath Earth`s surface.
Igneous rock forms when
melted rock cools slowly below
ground. Then the mineral grains in
the igneous rock may be large.
The melted rock comes to the
surface and cools quickly. Then
the grains . may be too small to see

29. .Igneous rock can come from volcanoes

30. Igneous rock

31. Sedimentary
rock

32. Sedimentary rock is the rock
that forms from sediments.
Sediments are tiny bits of rock,
. shells, and other materials

33. Sediments settle to the bottom
Rivers

34. lakes

35. oceans

36. Over millions of years, the
sediments are pressed together
and cemented to form new rock.
Sedimentary rocks form in
.layers-one layer at a time

37. Metamorphic
rock

38. Metamorphic rock is rock that has
been changed by heat and pressure.
Shale is a sedimentary rock. Heat
and pressure underground change
the minerals in the shale. The shale
becomes a . slate metamorphic rock

39. Metamorphic rock

40. Shale slate

41. Granite is an igneous rock. It can be
changed into gneiss
, a metamorphic
.rock