Earth and weather
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A tree's roots can slowly break apart rock by growing in cracks and pushing the rock pieces further apart as the roots expand. A tornado formed on a humid, dark greenish sky day. After tornado sirens sounded, hail started falling and high winds began knocking over trees and poles. Finally, a loud tornado arrived and tore off roofs, uprooted trees, and flipped over cars.
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natural disaster
This document discusses 5 types of natural disasters: floods, volcanoes, earthquakes, tsunamis, and tornadoes. It provides more details about earthquakes, explaining that they are usually caused by the sudden breaking of rock underground along a fault, releasing energy that causes seismic waves and shaking. Tsunamis are described as waves caused by sudden movements of the ocean due to earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, or meteorite impacts. Tornadoes are defined as tubes of violently spinning air that touch the ground, making them very dangerous due to their fast winds.
NATURAL CALAMITIES
This document defines and provides brief descriptions of major natural disasters:
- Tsunami, flood, drought, storm, and earthquake are listed as major natural disasters.
- A flood is defined as an overflow of water that submerges land, usually caused by river, lake, or ocean overflow.
- An earthquake is defined as the shaking of the Earth's surface from a sudden release of energy, creating seismic waves that can destroy cities.
- A tsunami is defined as a series of waves caused by large volumes of water displacement, often from earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.
TORNADOS
Tornadoes are violently rotating columns of air that form during severe thunderstorms. They develop when warm, low-pressure air rises rapidly and condenses into a funnel cloud. Tornadoes are classified based on where they form - over land or water. The most powerful tornadoes can have winds over 300 mph and paths of destruction miles long, while smaller "gustnadoes" form from downdrafts. Tornadoes develop within thunderstorms and follow the path of the storm, appearing to "hop" as the vortex is disturbed and reforms along the way. They are rated based on the original Fujita Scale which classified tornado damage and estimated wind speeds.
Natural Calamities
The document defines and describes four natural calamities: earthquake, tornado, tsunami, and flood. Earthquakes are sudden violent ground shaking caused by crustal or volcanic movements. Tornadoes are destructive rotating funnel clouds under large storms. Tsunamis are large sea waves caused by earthquakes or other disturbances. Floods occur when rivers receive excess water from rain or disasters, causing overflow onto surrounding land.
Naturaldisasters
Natural disasters are major changes in the Earth that can cause damage through volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, cyclones, avalanches, floods, droughts, and fires. Volcanic eruptions occur when gas and lava burst through openings in the Earth's crust due to pressure from deep inside. Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates beneath the surface. Cyclones are powerful, rotating storms that can uproot trees and damage buildings. Avalanches involve snow, ice, and rock rapidly moving down mountains. Floods result from overflowing rivers caused by heavy rain or snowmelt. Drought is a prolonged lack of rain that can last for years. Forest and bush fires start
Naturaldisasters flash
Natural disasters are major changes in the Earth that can cause damage through volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, cyclones, avalanches, floods, droughts, and fires. The document defines each type of natural disaster, explaining that volcanic eruptions occur when gas and lava burst through the Earth's crust due to underground pressure. Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates, while cyclones involve fierce circulating winds. Avalanches happen when snow, ice, and rock slide down mountains rapidly. Floods result from overflowing rivers and coastal flooding. Drought is a prolonged lack of rain, and fires can burn out of control in forests or bushlands.
Storms
Storms occur when a low pressure system develops surrounded by high pressure areas, creating strong winds and storm clouds. There are 13 main types of storms including thunderstorms, blizzards, hail storms, and tornadoes. While storms can have negative impacts through flooding, fires, and wind damage, they also benefit the environment by watering plants, burying carbon in oceans, and allowing for faster plant growth.
Naturaldisasters2
This document defines natural disasters and provides examples. It explains that natural disasters are large changes in the environment caused by weather or geological events that can damage land and threaten lives. Examples of natural disasters given include volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, cyclones, avalanches, floods, droughts, and forest fires. Details are then provided about the causes and impacts of some of these specific disaster types.
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natural disaster
This document discusses 5 types of natural disasters: floods, volcanoes, earthquakes, tsunamis, and tornadoes. It provides more details about earthquakes, explaining that they are usually caused by the sudden breaking of rock underground along a fault, releasing energy that causes seismic waves and shaking. Tsunamis are described as waves caused by sudden movements of the ocean due to earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, or meteorite impacts. Tornadoes are defined as tubes of violently spinning air that touch the ground, making them very dangerous due to their fast winds.
NATURAL CALAMITIES
This document defines and provides brief descriptions of major natural disasters:
- Tsunami, flood, drought, storm, and earthquake are listed as major natural disasters.
- A flood is defined as an overflow of water that submerges land, usually caused by river, lake, or ocean overflow.
- An earthquake is defined as the shaking of the Earth's surface from a sudden release of energy, creating seismic waves that can destroy cities.
- A tsunami is defined as a series of waves caused by large volumes of water displacement, often from earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.
TORNADOS
Tornadoes are violently rotating columns of air that form during severe thunderstorms. They develop when warm, low-pressure air rises rapidly and condenses into a funnel cloud. Tornadoes are classified based on where they form - over land or water. The most powerful tornadoes can have winds over 300 mph and paths of destruction miles long, while smaller "gustnadoes" form from downdrafts. Tornadoes develop within thunderstorms and follow the path of the storm, appearing to "hop" as the vortex is disturbed and reforms along the way. They are rated based on the original Fujita Scale which classified tornado damage and estimated wind speeds.
Natural Calamities
The document defines and describes four natural calamities: earthquake, tornado, tsunami, and flood. Earthquakes are sudden violent ground shaking caused by crustal or volcanic movements. Tornadoes are destructive rotating funnel clouds under large storms. Tsunamis are large sea waves caused by earthquakes or other disturbances. Floods occur when rivers receive excess water from rain or disasters, causing overflow onto surrounding land.
Naturaldisasters
Natural disasters are major changes in the Earth that can cause damage through volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, cyclones, avalanches, floods, droughts, and fires. Volcanic eruptions occur when gas and lava burst through openings in the Earth's crust due to pressure from deep inside. Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates beneath the surface. Cyclones are powerful, rotating storms that can uproot trees and damage buildings. Avalanches involve snow, ice, and rock rapidly moving down mountains. Floods result from overflowing rivers caused by heavy rain or snowmelt. Drought is a prolonged lack of rain that can last for years. Forest and bush fires start
Naturaldisasters flash
Natural disasters are major changes in the Earth that can cause damage through volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, cyclones, avalanches, floods, droughts, and fires. The document defines each type of natural disaster, explaining that volcanic eruptions occur when gas and lava burst through the Earth's crust due to underground pressure. Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates, while cyclones involve fierce circulating winds. Avalanches happen when snow, ice, and rock slide down mountains rapidly. Floods result from overflowing rivers and coastal flooding. Drought is a prolonged lack of rain, and fires can burn out of control in forests or bushlands.
Storms
Storms occur when a low pressure system develops surrounded by high pressure areas, creating strong winds and storm clouds. There are 13 main types of storms including thunderstorms, blizzards, hail storms, and tornadoes. While storms can have negative impacts through flooding, fires, and wind damage, they also benefit the environment by watering plants, burying carbon in oceans, and allowing for faster plant growth.
Naturaldisasters2
This document defines natural disasters and provides examples. It explains that natural disasters are large changes in the environment caused by weather or geological events that can damage land and threaten lives. Examples of natural disasters given include volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, cyclones, avalanches, floods, droughts, and forest fires. Details are then provided about the causes and impacts of some of these specific disaster types.
Natural Disasters
Natural disasters are major events that can damage the land or threaten human lives. They include volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, cyclones, avalanches, floods, droughts, and forest fires. Volcanic eruptions occur when gas, ash, and molten rock burst from openings in the Earth's crust due to underground pressure. Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates deep below the surface. Cyclones, hurricanes, typhoons, and tornadoes are powerful rotating storms with high winds that can destroy buildings and uproot trees.
NATURAL DISASTERS
This document defines and describes different types of natural disasters:
Volcanic eruptions occur when pressure builds up inside the Earth, forcing molten rock and gas out of openings in the crust. Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates deep underground, sending shock waves to the surface. Cyclones/hurricanes are large rotating storms that form over warm ocean waters and bring high winds and flooding rains inland. Other natural disasters mentioned include avalanches, floods, droughts, and forest/bush fires. Each hazard is briefly explained in terms of its causes and impacts.
Extreme weather
This document defines and describes different types of extreme weather events including blizzards, floods, thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes. A blizzard is a storm with heavy snow and strong winds causing freezing temperatures. Floods occur when heavy rain causes an area of land to become covered in water. Thunderstorms contain thunder and lightning. A tornado is a very strong wind that moves quickly in a circle. Hurricanes are violent storms with very heavy rain and very strong winds.
Natural calamities
The document discusses different types of natural disasters:
1) Natural disasters include geologic events like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, and tsunamis that can cause loss of life and property damage.
2) Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are specifically examined, with earthquakes measured by magnitude and volcanoes causing destruction through eruption, lava, ash, and mudflows.
3) Other natural disasters mentioned include blizzards, cyclonic storms like hurricanes, droughts, heat waves, tornadoes, which can all have severe impacts on populations and economies depending on their strength and location.
Natural disasters
This document defines and describes several types of natural disasters:
Volcanic eruptions occur when pressure forces magma up through a volcano's conduit. Earthquakes are caused by the sudden movement of tectonic plates. Floods happen when heavy rainfall or melting snow causes water levels in rivers and lakes to rise over land. The document also discusses avalanches, droughts, forest fires, hurricanes, lightning strikes, and tsunamis, explaining the causes and impacts of each type of natural disaster.
Natural disasters-1226606059268844-9
This document discusses the top 11 natural disasters: landslides, floods, thunderstorms, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, droughts, hurricanes, tornadoes, wildfires, earthquakes, and avalanches. It provides details on the causes and impacts of each type of disaster, with landslides defined as the movement of land down a slope by gravity, floods caused by excessive rainfall, and tsunamis generated by displacement of large bodies of water. The document aims to raise awareness of natural hazards and inform readers on disaster preparedness.
Natural disasters
The document defines and describes various types of natural disasters including droughts, earthquakes, floods, forest fires, hurricanes, snowstorms, tornadoes, tsunamis, volcanoes, volcanic eruptions, blizzards, cyclones, tropical storms, and typhoons. Details are provided for each type of disaster such as the causes, effects, and characteristics. The document serves as an informative reference for understanding different natural hazards that can occur.
3.1 - Seasons And Weather
The document summarizes different types of seasons, weather phenomena, and natural disasters:
1) Seasons are caused by the Earth's tilt and revolve around the summer and winter solstices when the sun is directly overhead either the Tropic of Cancer or Capricorn.
2) Weather is influenced by factors like water vapor, landforms, elevation, and air movement. It involves different types of precipitation including snow, rain, and hurricanes.
3) Natural disasters discussed include hurricanes which form over warm ocean waters, tornadoes which can have wind speeds over 300 mph, blizzards with heavy snow and winds, droughts with little rain, and floods from excess rain or runoff.
Natural Calamities
Natural disasters are the result of natural hazards like floods, earthquakes, volcanoes, hurricanes or wildfires. They can cause damage through volcanic eruptions which release hot lava and ash. Earthquakes create giant shock waves that move towards the surface, sometimes splitting the ground apart. Floods occur when heavy rain or snow melt causes rivers to overflow their banks. Natural disasters have significant environmental, financial and human impacts.
Natural disasters by Malcolm Sant, 3.01
Natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanoes, cyclones, floods, and tornadoes can have devastating effects around the world. Earthquakes are caused by shifts in the earth's crust and can trigger tsunamis and landslides. Volcanoes form when magma reaches the earth's surface through cracks in the crust. Cyclones develop over warm ocean waters and bring destructive winds and flooding. Floods have various causes including heavy rainfall, sea level rise, and overflowing rivers or dams. Tornadoes are powerful rotating columns of air that occur when warm and cold air masses interact, causing extensive damage to property and loss of life.
Cyclones and hurricanes
Cyclones refer to rotating weather systems that form around areas of low pressure and are known by different names worldwide, including hurricanes, cyclones, typhoons, and willy-willies. Hurricanes are violent tropical storms that form over warm tropical oceans between July and October, with wind speeds over 120 km/hr. They have an eye at the center surrounded by heavy rain and clouds, with very low pressure and strong winds that rotate counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere. Undersea earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions and other disturbances can displace large amounts of water and generate destructive tsunamis that travel very quickly across oceans before reaching shorelines.
Cyclones!!!!
Cyclones are violent tropical storms that form over tropical waters and involve the circulation of warm and cool air masses. They can cause heavy rain, flooding, and strong winds that damage homes and infrastructure. Countries most affected by cyclones include Bangladesh, India, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka due to their locations near the Indian Ocean. Pakistan has experienced two major cyclones, the first in 1948 that killed over 1,000 people and the second in 1999 that caused damage but no deaths in Karachi.
Natural disasters
This document discusses several types of natural disasters: hurricanes/tornadoes, wildfires, floods, heat waves/droughts, earthquakes/tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions. It provides details on the causes and impacts of each type of disaster, including destruction of property, loss of lives, and long-term cleanup efforts required. It notes that while devastating, these events are natural occurrences that stem from environmental conditions like warm humid air interacting, lack of moisture in hot regions, or movement of tectonic plates. The document aims to educate students on different natural disasters and suggests classroom activities for discussion and input.
Holy smokes its a volcano
Volcanoes form at plate boundaries and hot spots. The type of eruption depends on the magma composition and amount of trapped gases. Shield volcanoes have basaltic lava and gentle slopes. Cinder cone volcanoes have steep sides built from explosive eruptions. Composite volcanoes have characteristics of both and can be very explosive, like Mount St. Helens. Scientists monitor volcanoes for warning signs like earthquakes. Volcanic eruptions release gases and ash that affect global climate and release materials that shape the land, water, and air.
Science prjt 3
Tsunamis are large waves generated by earthquakes or other disturbances that displace large volumes of water. They can reach beaches in minutes and cause extensive damage. A major 2004 tsunami in Sri Lanka killed over 40,000 people after an earthquake in the Indian Ocean. Hurricanes are violent tropical storms with winds over 74 mph that form over warm ocean waters and move westward. They can only dissipate over land or cooler waters. Floods occur when water overflows river banks or other areas, sometimes within hours but sometimes over days, causing billions in annual damage in the US. Drought is a period of unusually dry weather lacking precipitation that can last years and seriously damage crops and water supplies. Tornadoes form from thunder
California & Philippians
California faces several natural threats including drought, earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, and volcanoes. Drought is caused by La Niña and leads to wildfires. Earthquakes occur along the San Andreas Fault line. Landslides and tsunamis can be triggered by earthquakes. 70% of Californians live near the fault line and buildings are constructed on slopes, increasing vulnerability. The Philippines also faces multiple hazards like volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides, floods, typhoons, and droughts from El Niño. It has a dense population and poverty, reducing resilience to disasters damaging its infrastructure and economy.
Tsunamis charlie & jay
Tsunamis are mostly caused by large earthquakes on the seafloor when slabs of rock move past each other suddenly, causing the overlying water to move. While 80% occur in the Pacific Ocean's "Ring of Fire" due to tectonic activity, they can also be triggered by underwater landslides or volcanic eruptions. Tsunamis initially appear as small waves but grow dramatically in size and can cause huge destruction when hitting coastlines, destroying property, infrastructure, and leaving over 200,000 people dead across 14 countries according to records.
Supervolcanoes booklet
A supervolcano eruption would have devastating global consequences. Supervolcanoes erupt over 1,000 km3 of material, compared to only 1 km3 for large composite volcanoes. They form calderas instead of cones and erupt less frequently but more powerfully. Example is Yellowstone, which last erupted over 600,000 years ago. A Yellowstone eruption would blast ash globally, blocking the sun and cooling the climate while contaminating water and destroying crops worldwide.
Science prjt 3
Tsunamis are large waves generated by earthquakes or other disturbances that displace large volumes of water. They can reach beaches in minutes and cause extensive damage. A major 2004 tsunami in Sri Lanka killed over 40,000 people after an earthquake in the Indian Ocean. Hurricanes are violent tropical storms with winds over 74 mph that form over warm ocean waters and move westward. They can only be stopped by land or cooler waters. Floods occur when water overflows river banks or other areas, often due to heavy rain or snowmelt, and can cause billions in damage annually in the US. Drought is a period of unusually dry weather lacking precipitation that can last years and seriously damage crops and water supplies. Tornado
What skills do scientists use
Scientists use various process skills like observation, estimation, measurement, inference, prediction, interpretation, and explanation to study objects and events in science. Some key skills are observing using the 5 senses and tools, estimating and then precisely measuring quantities, inferring conclusions from facts and prior knowledge, and predicting future outcomes based on observations and data. Scientists work together to analyze data and form explanations for natural phenomena like hurricanes.
What questions do scientists ask
Scientists ask questions to investigate the natural world. Some questions scientists may ask include what type of soil is best for growing corn and soybeans or how to grow bigger crops. Scientists collect observations in an organized way to find answers to their questions. They may work alone or with others to share information and discoveries to learn more.
What is a star
1) Stars appear as points of light because they are very far away from Earth, even stars within our own galaxy like Andromeda.
2) Stars are giant balls of hot, glowing gases that produce light and energy through nuclear fusion at their cores.
3) The brightness of stars is determined by their temperature, size, and distance from Earth, with brighter stars being hotter, larger, or closer.
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What's hot
Natural Disasters
Natural disasters are major events that can damage the land or threaten human lives. They include volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, cyclones, avalanches, floods, droughts, and forest fires. Volcanic eruptions occur when gas, ash, and molten rock burst from openings in the Earth's crust due to underground pressure. Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates deep below the surface. Cyclones, hurricanes, typhoons, and tornadoes are powerful rotating storms with high winds that can destroy buildings and uproot trees.
NATURAL DISASTERS
This document defines and describes different types of natural disasters:
Volcanic eruptions occur when pressure builds up inside the Earth, forcing molten rock and gas out of openings in the crust. Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates deep underground, sending shock waves to the surface. Cyclones/hurricanes are large rotating storms that form over warm ocean waters and bring high winds and flooding rains inland. Other natural disasters mentioned include avalanches, floods, droughts, and forest/bush fires. Each hazard is briefly explained in terms of its causes and impacts.
Extreme weather
This document defines and describes different types of extreme weather events including blizzards, floods, thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes. A blizzard is a storm with heavy snow and strong winds causing freezing temperatures. Floods occur when heavy rain causes an area of land to become covered in water. Thunderstorms contain thunder and lightning. A tornado is a very strong wind that moves quickly in a circle. Hurricanes are violent storms with very heavy rain and very strong winds.
Natural calamities
The document discusses different types of natural disasters:
1) Natural disasters include geologic events like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, and tsunamis that can cause loss of life and property damage.
2) Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are specifically examined, with earthquakes measured by magnitude and volcanoes causing destruction through eruption, lava, ash, and mudflows.
3) Other natural disasters mentioned include blizzards, cyclonic storms like hurricanes, droughts, heat waves, tornadoes, which can all have severe impacts on populations and economies depending on their strength and location.
Natural disasters
This document defines and describes several types of natural disasters:
Volcanic eruptions occur when pressure forces magma up through a volcano's conduit. Earthquakes are caused by the sudden movement of tectonic plates. Floods happen when heavy rainfall or melting snow causes water levels in rivers and lakes to rise over land. The document also discusses avalanches, droughts, forest fires, hurricanes, lightning strikes, and tsunamis, explaining the causes and impacts of each type of natural disaster.
Natural disasters-1226606059268844-9
This document discusses the top 11 natural disasters: landslides, floods, thunderstorms, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, droughts, hurricanes, tornadoes, wildfires, earthquakes, and avalanches. It provides details on the causes and impacts of each type of disaster, with landslides defined as the movement of land down a slope by gravity, floods caused by excessive rainfall, and tsunamis generated by displacement of large bodies of water. The document aims to raise awareness of natural hazards and inform readers on disaster preparedness.
Natural disasters
The document defines and describes various types of natural disasters including droughts, earthquakes, floods, forest fires, hurricanes, snowstorms, tornadoes, tsunamis, volcanoes, volcanic eruptions, blizzards, cyclones, tropical storms, and typhoons. Details are provided for each type of disaster such as the causes, effects, and characteristics. The document serves as an informative reference for understanding different natural hazards that can occur.
3.1 - Seasons And Weather
The document summarizes different types of seasons, weather phenomena, and natural disasters:
1) Seasons are caused by the Earth's tilt and revolve around the summer and winter solstices when the sun is directly overhead either the Tropic of Cancer or Capricorn.
2) Weather is influenced by factors like water vapor, landforms, elevation, and air movement. It involves different types of precipitation including snow, rain, and hurricanes.
3) Natural disasters discussed include hurricanes which form over warm ocean waters, tornadoes which can have wind speeds over 300 mph, blizzards with heavy snow and winds, droughts with little rain, and floods from excess rain or runoff.
Natural Calamities
Natural disasters are the result of natural hazards like floods, earthquakes, volcanoes, hurricanes or wildfires. They can cause damage through volcanic eruptions which release hot lava and ash. Earthquakes create giant shock waves that move towards the surface, sometimes splitting the ground apart. Floods occur when heavy rain or snow melt causes rivers to overflow their banks. Natural disasters have significant environmental, financial and human impacts.
Natural disasters by Malcolm Sant, 3.01
Natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanoes, cyclones, floods, and tornadoes can have devastating effects around the world. Earthquakes are caused by shifts in the earth's crust and can trigger tsunamis and landslides. Volcanoes form when magma reaches the earth's surface through cracks in the crust. Cyclones develop over warm ocean waters and bring destructive winds and flooding. Floods have various causes including heavy rainfall, sea level rise, and overflowing rivers or dams. Tornadoes are powerful rotating columns of air that occur when warm and cold air masses interact, causing extensive damage to property and loss of life.
Cyclones and hurricanes
Cyclones refer to rotating weather systems that form around areas of low pressure and are known by different names worldwide, including hurricanes, cyclones, typhoons, and willy-willies. Hurricanes are violent tropical storms that form over warm tropical oceans between July and October, with wind speeds over 120 km/hr. They have an eye at the center surrounded by heavy rain and clouds, with very low pressure and strong winds that rotate counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere. Undersea earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions and other disturbances can displace large amounts of water and generate destructive tsunamis that travel very quickly across oceans before reaching shorelines.
Cyclones!!!!
Cyclones are violent tropical storms that form over tropical waters and involve the circulation of warm and cool air masses. They can cause heavy rain, flooding, and strong winds that damage homes and infrastructure. Countries most affected by cyclones include Bangladesh, India, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka due to their locations near the Indian Ocean. Pakistan has experienced two major cyclones, the first in 1948 that killed over 1,000 people and the second in 1999 that caused damage but no deaths in Karachi.
Natural disasters
This document discusses several types of natural disasters: hurricanes/tornadoes, wildfires, floods, heat waves/droughts, earthquakes/tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions. It provides details on the causes and impacts of each type of disaster, including destruction of property, loss of lives, and long-term cleanup efforts required. It notes that while devastating, these events are natural occurrences that stem from environmental conditions like warm humid air interacting, lack of moisture in hot regions, or movement of tectonic plates. The document aims to educate students on different natural disasters and suggests classroom activities for discussion and input.
Holy smokes its a volcano
Volcanoes form at plate boundaries and hot spots. The type of eruption depends on the magma composition and amount of trapped gases. Shield volcanoes have basaltic lava and gentle slopes. Cinder cone volcanoes have steep sides built from explosive eruptions. Composite volcanoes have characteristics of both and can be very explosive, like Mount St. Helens. Scientists monitor volcanoes for warning signs like earthquakes. Volcanic eruptions release gases and ash that affect global climate and release materials that shape the land, water, and air.
Science prjt 3
Tsunamis are large waves generated by earthquakes or other disturbances that displace large volumes of water. They can reach beaches in minutes and cause extensive damage. A major 2004 tsunami in Sri Lanka killed over 40,000 people after an earthquake in the Indian Ocean. Hurricanes are violent tropical storms with winds over 74 mph that form over warm ocean waters and move westward. They can only dissipate over land or cooler waters. Floods occur when water overflows river banks or other areas, sometimes within hours but sometimes over days, causing billions in annual damage in the US. Drought is a period of unusually dry weather lacking precipitation that can last years and seriously damage crops and water supplies. Tornadoes form from thunder
California & Philippians
California faces several natural threats including drought, earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, and volcanoes. Drought is caused by La Niña and leads to wildfires. Earthquakes occur along the San Andreas Fault line. Landslides and tsunamis can be triggered by earthquakes. 70% of Californians live near the fault line and buildings are constructed on slopes, increasing vulnerability. The Philippines also faces multiple hazards like volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides, floods, typhoons, and droughts from El Niño. It has a dense population and poverty, reducing resilience to disasters damaging its infrastructure and economy.
Tsunamis charlie & jay
Tsunamis are mostly caused by large earthquakes on the seafloor when slabs of rock move past each other suddenly, causing the overlying water to move. While 80% occur in the Pacific Ocean's "Ring of Fire" due to tectonic activity, they can also be triggered by underwater landslides or volcanic eruptions. Tsunamis initially appear as small waves but grow dramatically in size and can cause huge destruction when hitting coastlines, destroying property, infrastructure, and leaving over 200,000 people dead across 14 countries according to records.
Supervolcanoes booklet
A supervolcano eruption would have devastating global consequences. Supervolcanoes erupt over 1,000 km3 of material, compared to only 1 km3 for large composite volcanoes. They form calderas instead of cones and erupt less frequently but more powerfully. Example is Yellowstone, which last erupted over 600,000 years ago. A Yellowstone eruption would blast ash globally, blocking the sun and cooling the climate while contaminating water and destroying crops worldwide.
Science prjt 3
Tsunamis are large waves generated by earthquakes or other disturbances that displace large volumes of water. They can reach beaches in minutes and cause extensive damage. A major 2004 tsunami in Sri Lanka killed over 40,000 people after an earthquake in the Indian Ocean. Hurricanes are violent tropical storms with winds over 74 mph that form over warm ocean waters and move westward. They can only be stopped by land or cooler waters. Floods occur when water overflows river banks or other areas, often due to heavy rain or snowmelt, and can cause billions in damage annually in the US. Drought is a period of unusually dry weather lacking precipitation that can last years and seriously damage crops and water supplies. Tornado
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What skills do scientists use
Scientists use various process skills like observation, estimation, measurement, inference, prediction, interpretation, and explanation to study objects and events in science. Some key skills are observing using the 5 senses and tools, estimating and then precisely measuring quantities, inferring conclusions from facts and prior knowledge, and predicting future outcomes based on observations and data. Scientists work together to analyze data and form explanations for natural phenomena like hurricanes.
What questions do scientists ask
Scientists ask questions to investigate the natural world. Some questions scientists may ask include what type of soil is best for growing corn and soybeans or how to grow bigger crops. Scientists collect observations in an organized way to find answers to their questions. They may work alone or with others to share information and discoveries to learn more.
What is a star
1) Stars appear as points of light because they are very far away from Earth, even stars within our own galaxy like Andromeda.
2) Stars are giant balls of hot, glowing gases that produce light and energy through nuclear fusion at their cores.
3) The brightness of stars is determined by their temperature, size, and distance from Earth, with brighter stars being hotter, larger, or closer.
Weathering and erosion
Weathering is the breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces through various processes like plant growth, water, freezing and thawing. Erosion is the movement of weathered material from one location to another by forces like water, wind, glaciers and gravity. Deposition is the placement of eroded pieces of Earth's surface in a new location, like sand dunes formed by wind or new islands created from sediment deposited by rivers in the ocean. Over time, weathering, erosion and deposition break down bedrock into soil and shape the landforms on Earth's surface.
Weather and climate
This document discusses weather and climate. It defines weather as the current conditions of the atmosphere at a specific time and place, while climate is the pattern of weather conditions over many years. The document outlines several factors that affect climate, such as sunlight, oceans, mountains, and altitude. It also describes tools that scientists use to measure and study weather conditions like temperature, wind speed and direction, humidity, air pressure, and rainfall.
Water cycle
The document discusses the water cycle, where water is constantly circulating around Earth in different forms. It explains that water evaporates from the surface into the air, condenses to form clouds, and falls back to Earth as precipitation like rain or snow. Most water is stored in oceans, but some is stored in groundwater, lakes, streams, and other bodies of water before starting to evaporate again.
The moon
The moon revolves around Earth once every 27 days, keeping the same side facing Earth. It reflects sunlight and its illuminated half changes shape in a cycle from new moon to first quarter to full moon to third quarter over 291⁄2 days. The moon is the closest celestial object to Earth at 384,000 km away. It has many impact craters and temperature extremes ranging from 127°C during the day to -173°C at night. Telescopes allow observation of details on the moon's surface.
States of matter
States of matter can exist in three forms - solid, liquid, or gas - depending on how close together or far apart the particles that make up all matter are from one another. All matter is composed of tiny particles too small to see. The arrangement and movement of these particles determine whether a substance is a solid, liquid or gas.
Solar system
The document provides information about the solar system. It describes the 8 planets - Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. It explains that planets orbit the sun, with Earth being one of 8 planets in our solar system that revolve around the sun. The planets are divided into inner and outer planets, with the inner planets being rocky and closer to the sun, and the outer planets being gas giants farther from the sun.
The soil
Soil is the layer of loose material on Earth's land surface and is made up of particles of rock, air, water, and humus. Soil is organized into layers with topsoil at the surface containing the most humus and nutrients for plant growth, subsoil below it containing some humus and rock particles, and bedrock forming the bottom layer underneath. Soil types vary depending on the amounts of sand, silt, and clay particles in them, with loam being an ideal mixture supporting plant growth.
Plants use roots and stems
Roots take in water and nutrients from the soil to support the growth and survival of the plant. There are two main types of roots: taproots, such as carrots, that grow deep into the soil, and fibrous roots, such as grass, that spread out widely in many directions near the surface. Stems transport water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves and food from the leaves to the roots and stems. They also hold up and support leaves, flowers, and fruits. Stems come in different shapes and sizes depending on the plant, such as thick cactus stems that store water.
Plants use leaves to make food
Plants use their leaves to photosynthesize and produce food from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water. Leaves help plants by absorbing sunlight to fuel photosynthesis, taking in carbon dioxide from the air, and regulating the plant's water levels through tiny holes on their surface. Leaves also protect plants by deterring predators through poison, sharp edges, or tough textures, and some leaves have waxy coatings or fuzz that help retain water in dry environments.
Plants use flowers or cones to reproduce
Plants reproduce using flowers, which produce seeds through pollination, or cones, which produce seeds through pollen blown from small pollen cones to large seed cones. Seeds contain genetic information from the parent plant and food to grow into a new plant like the parent. New plants grow from seeds through germination, where seeds sprout leaves and roots when conditions are right, allowing the cycle to continue as the new plants also produce flowers or cones.
Offspring like their parents
Offspring often resemble their parents physically due to inherited traits. Young animals may look similar to parents but also differ in some ways, like antelope which have smaller horns than parents. Traits can help offspring survive in their environment. Small differences in traits between offspring of the same species can impact their ability to survive, like coat color variations in mice that make some more visible to predators than others.
Minerals and rocks
Minerals and rocks are natural, non-living materials. Minerals are the building blocks of rocks and give rocks their properties. There are three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooled lava or magma underground or at the Earth's surface. Sedimentary rocks form from compressed and cemented sediments over millions of years. Metamorphic rocks were originally igneous or sedimentary rocks that were changed by heat and pressure within the Earth.
Matter
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. It exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. In solids, particles are tightly packed; in liquids they are less tightly packed; and in gases particles move freely. Matter can change states through heating and cooling - for example, water exists as a solid (ice) when cold, a liquid at room temperature, and a gas (water vapor) when boiled. Changes between these states are called melting, freezing, boiling, evaporation, and condensation.
Matter
Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. Everything you can see, smell or touch is made of matter, including invisible things like air. Matter can have properties like size, shape, color, texture and hardness that can be observed through the senses. Properties depend on what materials something is made of.
Living things get energy
This document discusses energy flow and food chains in ecosystems. It explains that producers like plants get energy from sunlight to make food, while consumers eat other organisms or producers for energy. Decomposers break down dead organisms and waste, releasing energy back into the ecosystem. Food chains show how energy passes from producers to consumers. Multiple overlapping food chains combine to form complex food webs, where a change in one part can impact other parts of the ecosystem. The document gives an example of how reducing the habitat for prairie dogs due to human settlement can negatively affect other species in the food web like black-footed ferrets and badgers by decreasing their food sources.
Life cycles of some plants
Plant life cycles involve distinct stages of growth, reproduction, and renewal. Flowering plants grow from seeds into seedlings with roots and stems, then mature plants with leaves that photosynthesize and flowers that are pollinated to produce seeds. Conifer plants similarly grow from germinated seeds into seedlings and then adult trees that bear pollen cones and seed cones, with wind dispersing pollen to fertilize the seed cones and produce new seeds. Other plant life cycles include strawberries that form new plants from stems that take root, dandelions that spread via roots, and kalanchoes and ferns that reproduce via spores.
Life cycles of some animals
The document describes the life cycles of several animals including eagles, butterflies, frogs, and mammals. Eagles lay eggs which hatch into eaglets. Butterflies go through stages of an egg, larva/caterpillar, pupa, and finally an adult butterfly. Frogs undergo metamorphosis from eggs to tadpoles to adult frogs. Young mammals like bobcats develop from eggs inside their mother's body and are born as kittens, growing into adults.
More from Noura Ishnawer (20)
Recently uploaded
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,kP,Pakistan
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsRemote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
Thornton ESPP slides UK WW Network 4_6_24.pdf
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
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Recently uploaded (20)
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
Earth and weather
- 2. How can a tree break ?apart rock A tree`s roots can grow in the cracks of a rock. As the roots get bigger, they can . push the rock apart 21 7
- 6. tornado The air was humid on that day, and the .sky looked dark and greenish
- 7. Greenish sky
- 8. First, The tornado sirens began to wail. people took cover underground. Next, hailstones started to fall. The wind began knocking down trees and poles. Finally, the tornado arrived. It sounded like a freight train as it ripped off roofs, pulled up trees, .and overturned cars
- 10. Hailstones